【高三寒假檢測卷】08 世界知名人物著名科學家專練（解析版）

2/2第08練世界知名人物~著名科學家專練AThestoryofO.Henry,whoserealnamewasWilliamSidneyPorter,couldalmostbeanO.Henrystory,Hehadasecretandspentmostofhisadultlifetryingtohideit.Thepennamewaspartofthateffort,butPorteralsoavoidedbeingphotographed,rarelygaveinterviews,andstayedawayfromsituationswheresomeonemightpry(窺探)intohispast.Hisearlylifewasunsettled.Atnineteen,heworkedasapharmacist.Soonafterward,hemovedtoTexas.HelaterpublishedanumberofstoriessetintheWest.Thendisasterstruck.Hetookajobasdteller(出納員)intheFirstNationalBankofAustin.In1894,afederalbankexaminerdiscoveredashortageof$5,654inthebank'saccounts,andaccusedPorterofembezzlement(盜用公款).ItwasnaturaltoassumethatPorterhadborrowedthemoneytokeephisstrugglingmagazineoutofdebt,intendingtopayitback.Onthefewoccasions,heimpliedthathewascoveringforsomeoneelse,butheneversaidwhoitwas.Eventually,hewassentencedtofiveyearsinprison.Andthatisthesecrethespenttherestofhislifetryingtohideeyenfromthisdaughter.Inprison,PorterwrotefourteenstoriesandbeganusingO.Henryasapenname.In1902,hemovedtoNewYorkwherehebeganproducingatanastonishingrate.In1904alone,hepublishedsixty-sixstories.Hebeganbringingoutcollectionsin1906“TheFourMillion,"whichcontainssomeofhismostfamousworks:“TheGiftoftheMagi,"and“TheCopandtheAnthem.”Financially,heledthehand-to-mouthexistenceofmostfull-timewriters,evenverysuccessfulones.Despitehisrateofproduction,Porterfoundwritingstressfulandhadtroublewithdeadlines.Hewasfrankaboutthefactthathewrotefortheincome.Whenhestartedgettingpaidmoreforhisstories,hewrotefewerofthem.Sufferingfromseveralhealthproblems,hediedin1910atfortyseven.Hewasbegginghiseditorforpaymentinadvancerightuptotheend.1．“thateffort”inparagraph2referstowhatO.Henrydidto________.A．a(chǎn)voidbeinginthespotlight B．hidehissecretfromhisdaughterC．coveruphisimprisonmentpast D．spendhislifehearofinterviews2．InwhichorderdidO.Henrydothefollowingthing?a.Publishedthecollection“TheFourMillion.”b.Tookthejobasapharmacist.c.MovedtoNewYork.d.Workedinabank.e.Wasputintoprison.f.BeganusingO.Henryasapenname.A．b,d,e,f,c,a B．b,d,f,e,c,a C．d,f,b,e,a,c D．d,e,f,c,b,a3．WhatcanwelearnaboutO.Henryfromthelastparagraph?A．Hedidnotgetpaidbyhiseditoruntilhemetthedeadline.B．Hefelttheeconomicsqueezeevenrightbeforehedied.C．Healwayshadtroubleproducingnewstoriesduetopoethealth.D．Hewroteformoneybecausehehadachievedfamealready.4．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．O.Henry'sSuccessfulCareer B．ABigRevealofO.HenryC．TheLiteraryWorldofO.Henry D．O.Henry'sImprisonmentTime【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．B【語篇分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要揭露了著名作家歐亨利的一個不為人知的曾經(jīng)入獄的秘密且一輩子經(jīng)濟拮據(jù)的故事?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“stayedawayfromsituationswheresomeonemightpryintohispast.”（遠離可能有人窺探他的過去的情況）以及第四段倒數(shù)第二句“Eventually,hewassentencedtofiveyearsinprison”(最終，他被判處五年徒刑)可知，"thateffort”指歐亨利試圖掩蓋自己過去的入獄經(jīng)歷，故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Atnineteen,heworkedasapharmacist...Thendisasterstruck.Hetookajobasdteller(出納員)intheFirstNationalBankofAustin.”（19歲時，他作為一名藥劑師工作了……災難來臨了，他在Austin第一國家銀行擔任出納員）；第四段“Eventually,hewassentencedtofiveyearsinprison.”（最終，他被判處五年監(jiān)禁。）；第五段“Inprison,PorterwrotefourteenstoriesandbeganusingO.Henryasapenname.”（在監(jiān)獄里，波特寫了14篇小說，并開始用歐·亨利作為筆名。）；“In1902,hemovedtoNewYork”（1902年，他搬去了紐約）以及“Hebeganbringingoutcollectionsin1906“TheFourMillion,"”（1906年，他開始推出“四百萬”系列）可知，A選項的排序是正確的，故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段“Financially,heledthehand-to-mouthexistenceofmostfull-timewriters,evenverysuccessfulones.”（經(jīng)濟上，他位于大多數(shù)收入僅能糊口的全職作家的前列，即便是最成功的作家）以及最后一句“Hewasbegginghiseditorforpaymentinadvancerightuptotheend.”（在生命的最后，他仍然在請求編輯預付稿酬）可知，作者在死前仍過得很拮據(jù)，故選B項?！?題詳解】標題判斷題。由第一段“ThestoryofO.Henry,whoserealnamewasWilliamSidneyPorter,couldalmostbeanO.Henrystory,Hehadasecretandspentmostofhisadultlifetryingtohideit.”（本名WilliamSidneyPorter，歐亨利的故事是只屬于他的故事，他有一個他花了大半輩子試圖隱藏的秘密），后文揭露了這個秘密，所以整篇文章主要圍繞這個秘密來寫，故選B項。BTheannualmarathoninmytownoccurredasscheduled.Myjobwastofollowbehindtherunnersinanambulanceincaseanyofthemneededmedicalattention.Astheathletesbegantopacethemselves,thefrontrunnersstartedtodisappear.ItwasthenthatmyeyesweredrawntothewomaninbluerunningshortsandabaggywhiteT-shirt.Iknewwewerealreadywatchingour“l(fā)astrunner”Herfeetwereturnedin,yetherleftkneewasturnedout,Herlegsweresocrippled(跛足的)andbentthatitseemedimpossibleforhertowalk,letalonerunamarathon.ThedriverandIwatchedinsilenceassheslowlymovedforward.Wewouldmoveforwardalittlebit,thenstopandwaitforhertogainsomedistance.Thenwe’dslowlymoveforwardalittlebitmore.AsIwatchedherstruggletoputonefootinfrontoftheother,Ifoundmyselfbreathingforherandurging(催促)herforward.Iwantedhertostop,andatthesametime,Iprayedthatshewouldn't.Finally,shewastheonlyrunnerleftinsight.Isatontheedgeofmyseatandwatchedwithrespectandamazementasshepushedforwardwithsheerdeterminationthroughthelastmiles.Whenthefinishlinecameintosight,thecheeringcrowdshadlonggonehome.Yet,standingstraightandproudwaitedaman.Hewasholdingoneendofaribbontiedtoapost.Sheslowlycrossedthrough,leavingbothendsoftheribbonflutteringbehindher.Idon’tknowthiswoman’sname,butthatdayshebecameapartofmylife—apartIoftendependon.Forher,itwasn'taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinningaprize.Itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehadsetouttodo.WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it.”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbeforemereallyis.5．Whatwordscanbestdescribethewoman?A．Proudanddetermined.B．Modestandcourageous.C．Diligentandconsiderate.D．Strong-willedandhonorable.6．Whathastheauthorlearntfromthewoman?A．Don’tdependonotherswhenfacinghardships.B．Nothingistootoughtoaccomplishifoneismodestenough.C．It’snotwinningbutholdingonstraighttotheendthatreallymatters.D．Thedisabledcanalsorunamarathondespitetheirwalkingdifficulty.7．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AnUnforgettableJobB．TheLastRunnerC．TheAnnualMarathonD．ACrippledWoman【答案】5．D6．C7．B【語篇分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者目睹一位腳有毛病的女人堅持跑完馬拉松并對自己以后的生活產(chǎn)生了巨大影響的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“AsIwatchedherstruggletoputonefootinfrontoftheother(當我看著她掙扎著把一只腳放在另一只腳前面時)”和第四段的“Isatontheedgeofmyseatandwatchedwithrespectandamazementasshepushedforwardwithsheerdeterminationthroughthelastmiles.(我坐在座位邊上，帶著敬意和驚訝看著她堅定地向前走了最后幾英里)”可知，這位女士雖然腳有殘疾，但堅持跑完了馬拉松。由此推知，這個女人意志是堅強的，值得尊敬的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Idon’tknowthiswoman’sname,butthatdayshebecameapartofmylife—apartIoftendependon.Forher,itwasn’taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinningaprize.Itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehadsetouttodo.WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbeforemereallyis.(我不知道這個女人的名字，但從那天起，她就成了我生活的一部分——我經(jīng)常依賴的一部分。對她來說，這不是打敗其他賽跑者或贏得獎品的問題。這是關(guān)于完成她已經(jīng)開始做的事情。當我認為事情太困難或者我得到那些“我只是不能做”的時候，我就會想到這個最后一名跑者。然后我意識到我面前的任務是多么的簡單)”推知，作者從這個女人身上學到的，不是勝利而是堅持到底才是最重要的。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其最后一段中“WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbeforemereallyis.(當我認為事情太困難或者我得到那些“我只是不能做”的時候，我就會想到最后一名跑者。然后我意識到我面前的任務是多么的簡單)”可知，本文主要講述了作者目睹一位腳有毛病的女人堅持跑完馬拉松并對自己以后的生活產(chǎn)生了巨大影響的故事，選項B.TheLastRunner.(最后一名跑者)可以作為最佳標題，更吸引讀者，符合題意。故選B。Ⅰ.七選五The2021NobelEconomicsPrizehasbeenawardedtoRobertWilsonandPaulMilgromfortheirworkinanalyzingauctionsandhowtomakethemmoreefficient.AttheheartoftheworkforwhichMilgromandWilsonhavebeenawardedisthewinner’scurse.1.Anexamplemightbetherighttomineacertainareaforgold.Ifnogoldisfound,therightwillbeworthless;butifthereturnsouttobealotofgold,itwillbevaluable.Differentbiddersmayhavedifferentopinionsabouthowmuchholdisonthesite.Themoreoptimistictheyare,themoretheywillbewillingtobid.Themostoptimisticbidwillwin.Butthetruevalueislikelytoturnoutmuchclosertotheaverageratherthanthehighestvaluation,sowinningbiddersarelikelytooverpay.Wilson’sworkhasshownthatthefearofthewinner'scurseleadsrationalbidderstobidlessthantheownvaluation.2.Theirfinalpricewillthereforebelower.Milgrombuiltonthistoexaminethecaseofauctionswherethereisnotonlyacommonvaluebutalsoaprivatevaluethatdiffersbetweenbidders.Infocusingagainonthewinner’scurse,MilgromdeterminedthatEnglish-styleauctions,wherethepricestartslowandisbidupward,arebetteratavoidingthewinner'scursethanDutch-styleauctionswherethepricestartshighandisbiddownward.Thisisbecausebiddersgainmoreinformationaboutanitem'svalueduringanEnglish-styleauction,asotherbiddersdropout.3.Howhavesuchinsightshelpsociety?Foronething,MilgromandWilsondevelopedtheSimultaneousMultipleRoundAuction’(SMRA).Intheseauctions,allbiddableitemsareofferedatthesametimeandbidderscanbidonanyportionoftheitems.TheSMRAisuseful,forexample,ifacompanywantstobidforalicenseinoneareaonlyifitcanalsohavethelicenseinanotherarea.4.Runningauctionssimultaneouslyallowsgovernmentstomaximizethepricesofvaluableassets.5Iftheauctionswereheldsequentially,theuncertaintyaboutwinningthesecondauctionwoulddepressbidsinthefirstauction.Itarisesfromcommonvalueauctionswherepeoplebidforsomethingwhosevalueisunknownatthetimebutwillbeagreeduponlater.Fromdeterminingtheplacementofeveryadonawebpagetoassigningtherightstoflytohubairports,auctionsplayabigroleincontemporarysociety.Greateruncertaintyorthebeliefthatsomeparticipantshavemoreinformationthanotherswillmakebiddersevenmorecautious.E.Hefoundthatmoredetailsabouttheobject'svalue,suchasotherbidders’valuations,tendtoresultinhigherrevenue.F.Thisyear’sNobelEconomicsPrizeisaclearexampleofthepracticaleffectsontheinterestsofthepublic.G.Thisgivesgovernmentsmoremoneytospendonpublicserviceslikehealthandeducation.【答案】1.B2.D3.E4.A5.G【語篇分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章內(nèi)容主要是關(guān)于2021年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學獎(NobelEconomicsPrize)，授予了羅伯特?威爾遜(RobertWilson)和保羅?米爾格羅姆(PaulMilgrom)，以表彰他們在分析拍賣以及如何提高拍賣效率方面的工作?！?題詳解】根據(jù)上一句“AttheheartoftheworkforwhichMilgromandWilsonhavebeenawardedisthewinner'scurse.(米爾格羅姆和威爾遜獲獎作品的核心是贏家的詛咒。)”結(jié)合下文“Anexamplemightbetherighttomineacertainareaforgold.Ifnogoldisfound,therightwillbeworthless;butifthereturnsouttobealotofgold,itwillbevaluable.Differentbiddersmayhavedifferentopinionsabouthowmuchholdisonthesite.Themoreoptimistictheyare,themoretheywillbewillingtobid.Themostoptimisticbidwillwin.Butthetruevalueislikelytoturnoutmuchclosertotheaverageratherthanthehighestvaluation,sowinningbiddersarelikelytooverpay.(一個例子可能是在某一地區(qū)開采黃金的權(quán)利。如果找不到金子，權(quán)利就毫無價值;但如果發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有很多黃金，那就很有價值了。不同的競標者可能對網(wǎng)站的持股量有不同的看法。他們越樂觀，就越愿意出價。最樂觀的出價將會勝出。但真實價值很可能會更接近平均水平，而不是最高估值，因此，中標的競購者可能會出價過高。)”，可知此處提到“贏家的詛咒”指的是人們對某物的價值持樂觀時會愿意出高價去競拍，最終達到物品價值的平均水平，由此可知B項“它起源于普通的價值拍賣，即人們競拍某物，其價值當時未知，但最終會達成一致?！?，符合文意，故選B。

【2題詳解】根據(jù)上一句“Wilson'sworkhasshownthatthefearofthewinner'scurseleadsrationalbidderstobidlessthantheownvaluation.(威爾遜的研究表明，對贏家詛咒的恐懼導致理性的競標者出價低于自己的估值。)”可知，理性競標者會因為“贏家的詛咒”而更為謹慎，所以D項“更大的不確定性，或者認為一些參與者比其他人擁有更多信息，將使競標者更加謹慎?！狈衔囊?，故選D。

【3題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Infocusingagainonthewinner'scurse,MilgromdeterminedthatEnglish-styleauctions,wherethepricestartslowandisbidupward,arebetteratavoidingthewinner'scursethanDutch-styleauctionswherethepricestartshighandisbiddownward.Thisisbecausebiddersgainmoreinformationaboutanitem'svalueduringanEnglish-styleauction,asotherbiddersdropout.(米格羅姆再次關(guān)注“贏家的詛咒”，他發(fā)現(xiàn)，英式拍賣方式(起價較低，出價較高)比荷蘭拍賣方式(起價較高，出價較低)更能避免“贏家的詛咒”。這是因為在英式拍賣中，競拍者可以獲得更多有關(guān)物品價值的信息，而其他競拍者則會退出。)”可知，米格羅姆發(fā)現(xiàn)在英式拍賣中，競拍者可以獲得更多有關(guān)物品價值的信息而決定是否競拍，這會更容易避免“贏家的詛咒”，會帶來更好的收益，那么這就說明E項內(nèi)容“他發(fā)現(xiàn)物品價值的更多細節(jié)，比如其他競標者的估值，往往會帶來更高的收入。”符合文意，故選E?！?題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Howhavesuchinsightshelpsociety?Foronething,MilgromandWilsondevelopedtheSimultaneousMultipleRoundAuction'(SMRA).Intheseauctions,allbiddableitemsareofferedatthesametimeandbidderscanbidonanyportionoftheitems.TheSMRAisuseful,forexample,ifacompanywantstobidforalicenseinoneareaonlyifitcanalsohavethelicenseinanotherarea.(這些見解對社會有何幫助?首先，Milgrom和Wilson開發(fā)了同步多輪拍賣(SMRA)。在這些拍賣中，所有的可競拍物品在同一時間被提供，競拍者可以競拍物品的任何部分。SMRA是有用的，例如，如果一個公司想要競標一個地區(qū)的許可證，但它也可以擁有另一個地區(qū)的許可證。)”可知，Milgrom和Wilson開發(fā)的同步多輪拍賣(SMRA)可以多物多輪進行拍賣，那么后續(xù)的競拍將對前面的競拍價格產(chǎn)生影響，由此可知A項“如果拍賣按順序舉行，能否贏得第二次拍賣的不確定性將壓低第一次拍賣的出價。”符合文意，故選A?！?題詳解】根據(jù)前一句“Runningauctionssimultaneouslyallowsgovernmentstomaximizethepricesofvaluableassets..（拍賣同時讓政府可以將價值資產(chǎn)到價格最大化）”可知，這能夠讓政府獲得更多的錢用于教育和健康。G選項符合語境，故選G項。Ⅱ.完型挺空TeijeIsungsetisaNorwegiancomposerandperformer.Recentlyhehasbecomea1intheworldofmusic.Heperformswithinstrumentshemakeshimselfoutof2.ArecentperformanceatLondon’sRoyalFestivalHallfeaturedasetincludingicehorns,icedrumsandicechimes,3singerMariaSkranes.He4hisworkasbeingaboutmorethanmakingmusic,sincehealsoaimstodisplaythecharacteristicofbeingbeautifulandfragile（脆弱）.“Iconsideritapartof5bigger.It’snotmeandmyprojectandmyself-esteem—it’stheextremeweather,”hesays.TheNorwegianis6abackgroundintraditionalScandinavianmusicandjazz.He’sthe7ofIceMusicFestivalinNorwaysopeoplehaveachancetoenjoyicemusic.Heplaysatabout50festivalsandconcertsayear,manyinthe8conditionsofNorway,CanadaorRussia.9atconcertsinwarmerclimates,highertemperaturescan10difficulties,asspendinganymorethan50minutesatroomtemperaturecoulddamagetheinstruments.AlloftheinstrumentsfortheLondonshowweremadeinNorwayandshippedoverinspecial11,highlightingthefactthat,when12iceinstruments,notanywaterwilldo.“Ificeisfrompollutedwater,itdoesn’t13thatgood.Ifit’sfromtapwateritdoesn’tworkwithsome14init,”hesays.“ThebesticeisfromthenorthofSweden.I’mreally15tothatice.”1．A．hit B．loser C．stranger D．winner2．A．ice B．iron C．wood D．water3．A．introducing B．performing C．cooperating D．a(chǎn)ccompanying4．A．speaks B．regards C．employs D．grades5．A．a(chǎn)nything B．something C．everything D．nothing6．A．tiredof B．exposedto C．infectedby D．equippedwith7．A．discoverer B．follower C．founder D．director8．A．freezing B．pleasing C．depressing D．overwhelming9．A．Instead B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise10．A．ease B．solve C．cause D．prevent11．A．sizes B．patterns C．containers D．materials12．A．carrying B．a(chǎn)djusting C．playing D．producing13．A．a(chǎn)ppear B．sound C．work D．feel14．A．waste B．bacteria C．chemicals D．supplies15．A．a(chǎn)ddicted B．related C．opposed D．involved【答案】1．A2．A3．D4．B5．B6．D7．C8．A9．B10．C11．C12．D13．B14．C15．A【語篇分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一位挪威作曲家和演奏家TeijeIsungset。最近他成了音樂界的熱門人物。他用冰做的樂器表演?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最近他成了音樂界的熱門人物。A.hit熱門人物；B.loser失敗者；C.stranger陌生人；D.winner贏家。根據(jù)后文“Heperformswithinstrumentshemakeshimself”和后文對他表演的詳細介紹可推知，他的一場表演讓他成為了音樂界的熱門人物。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他用冰做的樂器表演。A.ice冰；B.iron鐵；C.wood木頭；D.water水。根據(jù)后文“ArecentperformanceatLondon’sRoyalFestivalHallfeaturedasetincludingicehorns,icedrumsandicechimes”可知，他是用冰做的樂器。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最近在倫敦皇家節(jié)日大廳舉行的一場演出包括了冰喇叭、冰鼓和冰鐘，伴唱歌手是瑪麗亞·斯克蘭。A.introducing介紹；B.performing表演；C.cooperating合作；D.accompanying陪伴。根據(jù)前文“featuredasetincludingicehorns,icedrumsandicechimes”可知，表演中有一系列冰制的樂器，還有伴唱歌手，accompany表示“伴隨”。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他認為他的作品不僅僅是創(chuàng)作音樂，他還想表現(xiàn)出美麗和脆弱的特點。A.speaks說；B.regards認為；C.employs雇傭；D.grades等級。根據(jù)句意和分析上下文可知，空處為固定搭配“regard……as”表示“把……認為是”。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意：我認為這是更大的事情的一部分。A.anything任意事情；B.something某事；C.everything每件事；D.nothing沒有事。分析句子可知，空處是對上文it的補充，因此是something“某事”。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：這位挪威人擁有傳統(tǒng)斯堪的納維亞音樂和爵士樂背景。A.tiredof厭煩；B.exposedto暴露；C.infectedby感染；D.equippedwith有，擁有。根據(jù)句中“abackgroundintraditionalScandinavianmusicandjazz”可知，這里是指他擁有相關(guān)的音樂背景，因此用固定搭配beequippedwith表示“配備有，擁有”。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他是挪威冰音樂節(jié)的創(chuàng)始人，這樣人們就有機會享受冰音樂。A.discoverer發(fā)現(xiàn)者；B.follower跟隨著；C.founder創(chuàng)始人；D.director領(lǐng)導者。根據(jù)前文“Heperformswithinstrumentshemakeshimselfoutof____2____.”可知，他自己用冰做樂器，是他首創(chuàng)的冰音樂節(jié)，是founder“創(chuàng)始人”。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他每年在大約50個音樂節(jié)和音樂會上演出，其中很多是在挪威、加拿大或俄羅斯的嚴寒環(huán)境中演出。A.freezing寒冷的；B.pleasing愉悅的；C.depressing沮喪的；D.overwhelming巨大的。根據(jù)前文“sopeoplehaveachancetoenjoyicemusic.Heplaysatabout50festivalsandconcertsayear”可知，他們用冰塊做的樂器演奏，推測，需要寒冷的天氣，也與后文“inwarmerclimates,highertemperatures”對應。故選A項。【9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在氣候溫暖的音樂會中，較高的溫度會造成困難，因為在室溫下演奏超過50分鐘就會損壞樂器。A.Instead相反；B.However然而；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否則。分析句子可知，此處“atconcertsinwarmerclimates,highertemperatures”與前面的寒冷天氣形成對比，所以應用However表“然而”，符合上下文。故選B項。【10題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在氣候溫暖的音樂會中，較高的溫度會造成困難，因為在室溫下演奏超過50分鐘就會損壞樂器。A.ease放松；B.solve解決；C.cause造成；D.prevent阻止。根據(jù)后文“asspendinganymorethan50minutesatroomtemperaturecoulddamagetheinstruments.”可知，溫度過高會造成演奏困難。故選C項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：倫敦展覽的所有樂器都是在挪威制造的，用特殊的容器運輸過來，這突出了一個事實，即在制造冰樂器時，不是任何水都能滿足需求。A.sizes尺寸；B.patterns模式；C.containers容器；D.materials材料。根據(jù)前文“AlloftheinstrumentsfortheLondonshowweremadeinNorwayandshippedover”可知，樂器在挪威做好，然后用特殊容器運輸過來。故選C項。【12題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：倫敦展覽的所有樂器都是在挪威制造的，用特殊的容器運輸過來，這突出了一個事實，即在制造冰樂器時，不是任何水都能滿足需求。A.carrying運輸；B.adjusting適應；C.playing玩；D.producing生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)后文“notanywaterwilldo.”可知，這里是說不是所有的水都可以做成冰樂器。故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果冰來自受污染的水，那聽起來就不那么好了。A.appear出現(xiàn)；B.sound聽起來；C.work起作用；D.feel感覺。分析上下文可知it指的是冰制成的樂器，因此是聲音聽起來就不太好了。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果它來自自來水，其中的一些化學物質(zhì)也讓它不發(fā)奏效。A.waste廢物；B.bacteria細菌；C.chemicals化學物質(zhì)；D.supplies供給品。根據(jù)前文的“tapwater”可知，自來水應是包含一些礦物質(zhì)影響演奏。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最好的冰來自瑞典北部。我真的對那種冰上癮了。A.addicted上癮的；B.related有關(guān)的；C.opposed相反的；D.involved包含的。根據(jù)上文“ThebesticeisfromthenorthofSweden.”可知，作者對瑞典的冰非常喜愛和癡迷。故選A項。Ⅲ.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SimaQian,oneofthegreatesthistoriansinChinesehistory,wasbornineither145or135BC1(influence)byhisfather,whowasalsoahistorian,SimaQiantookaninterest2historywhenhewasachild.HelearnedChineseclassicsfromgreatliterarymasters,andattheageof20,hebegantravellingextensivelyacrossthecountry.Heinterviewedthelocalpeopletoget3widerangeofinformation.Learningandtravellingwereexactly4helpedhiminhislatercareerasahistorian.Hisfather’sdreamwasthatonedayhecouldwriteagreatmasterpiecerecordingwhathadhappenedinhistory.Afterhisfatherdied,SimaQian5(succeed)hisfatherasGrandHistorian,whichfacilitatedhisaccessto,6(office)booksandfiles.However,hisworkproveddifficult,because7(sort)outalltheavailableresourcesandcheckingfactsofhistoricalmaterialsrequiredpainstakingefforts,Hischiefconcernwaswhetherhecoulddohisjobmoreeffectivelyand8(efficient).Ashecarriedonwithhiswork,somethingawfulhappenedtoSimaQian.Hewasputinprison,9hesufferedalotofpainphysicallyandmentally,10,hewasnotdefeated.Heneverforgotabouthisfather'sdream,ingoodtimesorbadtimes.Aftermorethan10yearsofhardwork,theShiji(RecordsoftheGrandHistorian),hismasterpiece,wascompleted.【答案】1．Influenced/Havingbeeninfluenced2．in3．a(chǎn)4．what5．succeeded6．official7．sorting8．efficiently9．where10．However【語篇分析】這是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹了司馬遷的生平?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：司馬遷的父親也是一位歷史學家，受他的影響，司馬遷從小就對歷史產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空應為非謂語動詞，且與主語“SimaQian”之間為被動關(guān)系，可用Influenced；如果強調(diào)先受父親的影響，司馬遷后產(chǎn)生興趣，可用Havingbeeninfluenced表示；故填I(lǐng)nfluenced/Havingbeeninfluenced。【2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：司馬遷的父親也是一位歷史學家，受他的影響，司馬遷從小就對歷史產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。takeaninterestin為固定搭配，意為“對感興趣”，故填in?！?題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：他走訪了當?shù)厝艘垣@得廣泛的信息。awiderangeof為固定搭配，意為“廣泛的”，故填a。【4題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：學習和旅行幫助他后來成為歷史學家。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句為表語從句，且表語從句中缺少主語，指物，故填what?！?題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他的父親死后，司馬遷繼承他父親的遺志，成為歷史學家，這使他能夠接觸到官方的書籍和文件。根據(jù)時間狀語“Afterhisfatherdied”可知，此句應該用一般過去時，故填succeeded?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他的父親死后，司馬遷繼承他父親的偉大的歷史學家，這使他能夠接觸到官方的書籍和文件。分析空后的“booksandfiles”可知，此處應填形容詞修飾名詞，故填official?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：因為整理所有可用的資源和查證歷史資料的事實需要艱苦的努力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空在句中作主語，表示一般性的行為，故用動名詞，故填sorting?！?題詳解】考查副詞。句意：他主要關(guān)心的是他能否把工作做得更有效率。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及空前“moreeffectivelyand”可知，此處應填副詞，與effectively并列，故填efficiently?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他被關(guān)進大牢，在那里他遭受了身體和精神上的巨大痛苦。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句為定語從句，先行詞為“prison”，在從句中作地點狀語，故填where。【10題詳解】考查副詞。句意：然而，他沒有被打敗。分析句子邏輯可知，上句和下句為并列轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空后有逗號，故填However。Ⅳ.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Johnbegannoticingwhenhewasinkindergartenthathelookeddifferentfromotherkids.Theyhadtwohands.Hehadone.“Itstartedwhenoneboyteasedhim.”saidhismother,Judy.Herboyreturnedtotheirhomewithquestions：WhyamIdifferent?Whyme?Why?"Heactuallytoldushewasmadathisbeingbornwithsuchadefect,"hismothersaid,"thatwasahugeblowtotheheart,"Judyadmittedshedidn'tknowwhattodoatthatpoint.Howcouldsheprovideanswerstoherson'squestionswhenshehadneverfoundthoseanswersherself?Afewweekslater,JudycamehomefromherjobasascienceteacheratastateschoolandturnedontheTVtoanewsstoryaboutasix-foot-threeeighthgraderfromWashington,Iowa.TrashaunWillis,then14,hadbecomeanInternetcelebrityafterpostingvideosofhisslamdunks（灌籃）,and,likeJohn,hewasmissingmostofhisleftarm.JudycalledJohnin.Hewassilent,watchingdunkaftermonstrousdunk.Atthetime,itseemedthatwatchingTrashaunwouldsimplybeaninspiringmomentforJohn-he'dseeathrivingrolemodelwithaseeminglysimilarphysicaldefect.Andhaditstayedjustthat,Johnwouldhavebeenhappy.Suddenly,anideaoccurredtoJudy.WhynotreachouttothenewspapertohelpsetupameetingwithTrashauntobuildJohn'sconfidence?注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Para.1:The

day

was

not

spent

on

self-pity-it

was

really

full

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