高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)二必修1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld課件新人教版

二必修1

Unit2

Englisharoundtheworld(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A

Takingashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmind?ResearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityinterviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwo-thirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.

Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?Sciencecanexplainit.

Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine(多巴胺),ahormonecloselyrelatedtoourcreativity.“Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine,”explainedAliceFlaherty,afamousAmericanneuroscientist.“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring’Aha!’momenttous.”

Besidesthechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.

Comparedwithsittinginfrontofacomputer,takingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylife.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking,”explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview.”

Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,butitneedn’tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration.Forinstance,GertrudeStein,afemaleAmericanwriterandpoet,gotnewideasbydrivingaroundafarmandstoppingatdifferentcowsuntilshefoundtheonethatmostinspiredher.Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普說明文。洗澡可以讓人轉(zhuǎn)移注意力并激發(fā)靈感,但靈感產(chǎn)生的方式并不唯一,人們要善于找到適合自己的激發(fā)靈感的方式。1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangescanshoweringcause?A.Bringingtheterriblemomenttous.B.Settingthecreativepartofthebrainfree.C.Leadingtoboredomortiredness.D.Increasingthelevelofdopamine.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine,ahormonecloselyrelatedtoourcreativity.“洗澡可以幫助提高我們的多巴胺水平,多巴胺是一種與我們的創(chuàng)造力密切相關(guān)的激素。”可知洗澡可以提高多巴胺的分泌水平。2.Ifonehasfocusedonsomethingallday,showeringcanhelp_________.

A.turnone’sattentioninwardB.drawone’sattentiontotheoutsideworldC.makeanimportantbreakthroughD.manychemicalchangestotakeplace【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知,洗澡可能會讓你從你一直堅(jiān)持的事情中解脫出來。尤其是當(dāng)你一整天都在為一個(gè)問題苦苦思索的時(shí)候,跳進(jìn)淋浴間可以讓你遠(yuǎn)離外界,讓你專注于自己內(nèi)心的感受和記憶。由此推斷洗澡能讓人把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)心。3.AccordingtoKaufman,whycantakingshowersmakeuscreative?A.Becausetakingshowershappensmoreoften.B.Becausetakingshowerscanmakeusacquireafreshexperience,inspiringus.C.Becausenothingbuttakingshowerscangetourinspiration.D.Becausetakingshowerscanhelpustrysomethingunexpected.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,洗澡時(shí),隨著位置、溫度和濕度的變化,我們會獲得全新的體驗(yàn)?？挤蚵忉屨f:“新的和意想不到的經(jīng)歷會導(dǎo)致思維的積極變化?！庇纱丝芍丛枘茏屛覀儷@得全新的體驗(yàn),并對我們有積極的影響。4.TheexampleofGertrudeSteininthelastparagraphisusedto_________.

A.encouragereaderstofindtheirownwaysofgettinginspirationB.pointouttoreadersthatit’shardtogetinspirationC.explainhowtolinkinspirationwithreaders’dailylivesD.showthatcreativityoftencomesfromstrangeplaces【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的首句“洗澡讓我們享受大腦的創(chuàng)造力,但浴室不是你唯一獲得靈感的地方?！笨芍@得靈感的方式很多,再結(jié)合最后一句Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.“所以努力創(chuàng)造你自己的方式來解放你的思想。”可推斷最后一段中GertrudeStein的例子用來鼓勵(lì)人們找到適合自己的激發(fā)靈感的方式。B

Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyabrother’sorsister’sname.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?

Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtodealwiththistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive(認(rèn)知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.

Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemory

and

Cognition,foundthatthe“wrong”nameisnotrandombutisalwaysfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,friends,brothersandsisters.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,“butitdoestelluswho’sinandwho’soutofthegroup.”

Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.

Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothem—familyorfriend—hadcalledthembyanotherperson’sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswhensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandbrothersandsistersbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.

Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.Therewasnoevidencethaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。實(shí)際研究結(jié)果證明叫錯(cuò)名字只是生活中的一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象。5.Howmightpeopleoftenfeelwhentheyweremisnamed?A.Unwanted.

B.Unhappy.C.Confused. D.Indifferent.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句:如果你像多數(shù)小孩子一樣,你很可能在你媽媽用你兄弟或姐妹的名字叫你時(shí)感到很沮喪。通過gotupset可以得知B選項(xiàng)切合文意。6.WhatdidDavidRubin’sresearchfindaboutmisnaming?A.Itisrelatedtothewayourmemorieswork.B.Itisapossibleindicatorofafaultymemory.C.Itoccursmostlybetweenkidsandtheirfriends.D.Itoftencausesmisunderstandingsamongpeople.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的名字不是隨機(jī)的,但總是源自相同的關(guān)系網(wǎng)。這里fishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond表示“源自相同的關(guān)系網(wǎng)”,換句話說就是來自對名字是否屬于同一關(guān)系網(wǎng)的記憶。故A選項(xiàng)切合文意。7.Whatdidthesurveysofmorethan1,700subjectsfindaboutmisnaming?A.Itmoreoftenthannothurtsrelationships.B.Ithardlyoccursacrossgenderboundaries.C.Itismostfrequentlyfoundinextendedfamilies.D.Itmostoftenoccurswithinarelationshipgroup.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知,調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)人們會混淆關(guān)系網(wǎng)群組內(nèi)的名字,比如孫子、朋友和兄弟姐妹的名字,但幾乎不會超越這些界限。這和選項(xiàng)D.Itmostoftenoccurswithinarelationshipgroup.它經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)關(guān)系網(wǎng)內(nèi),意思切合。8.Whydomothersmisnametheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers?A.Theysuffermorefrustrations.B.Theybecomewornoutmoreoften.C.Theycommunicatemorewiththeirchildren.D.Theygenerallytakeonmoreworkathome.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,媽媽們因?yàn)樾詣e的緣故,也許比父親更高頻率地和她們的孩子交流。這里callon的意思是“短暫拜訪”,即“短時(shí)間交談”,換句話說就是和孩子們交流比父親更多一點(diǎn),故選項(xiàng)C.Theycommunicatemorewiththeirchildren.她們更多地與孩子們溝通交流,切合文意。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(2021·南京模擬)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Ridingbikesshouldbefun,andinordertohavethemostfunoutthere,weroundedupthebestbeginnercyclingtipstohelpyougetrolling.

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Experiencingpaininthefrontofyourknee?Yourseatmightbetoolow,causingyoutounder-extendduringyourpedalstroke.Thisisacommonmistakeamongbeginnersbecausemostpeoplefeelmorecomfortableandconfidentiftheirfeetcanreachtheground.

Getabikefit

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.Theseatheightshouldbehighenoughtogiveyouaveryslightbendinyourkneewhenyourfeetareatthebottomofthepedalstroke,asmentionedabove.Properreachmeansyourarmsmakea45-degreeangleoverthebike.Toolong,andyourbackwillbesorereachingforthehandlebars.

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.

Avoiddoingtoomuchtoosoon

Oneofthebiggestsourcesofinjurycomesfromtryingtotakeontoomuchmileagebeforeyou’reready.

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.Similarly,ifyou’reonatrainingride,don’tstarttoofastandriskburn-outandfatigueinthesecondhalf.Warmupduringthefirstthirdoftheride,andthensettleintoarhythmforthesecond.

Learnhowtorideinagroup

Grouprideshavetheirownrulesforareason.

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.Ifit’syourfirsttimeridingwithanewgroup,hangoutintheback,observeandaskforhelpifyouneedit.Noquestionisadumbquestionwhenyourownsafetyandthesafetyofthegroupisatstake.

A.ChoosetherightbikeB.SetyourseatheightrightC.Maybeyouloveridingnon-competitivelywithagroupD.It’seasytocauseacrashifyourridingisn’tpredictableE.Tooshort,andyourkneeswillbetooclosetoyourarmsF.Togettherightfit,twoelementsarekey:seatheightandreachG.Buildupslowly,easein,andgiveyourbodytimetoadjusttonewdistances【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。本文用明快的語調(diào)為自行車初學(xué)者提供了與騎行和自行車相關(guān)的信息與建議。1.【解析】選B。設(shè)空處為段落標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Yourseatmightbetoolow”和“iftheirfeetcanreachtheground”可知,調(diào)節(jié)座位高度與騎行有很大關(guān)系。故此段的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為調(diào)節(jié)好座位高度。B項(xiàng):Setyourseatheightright(把你的座位高度定好)符合語境。故選B。2.【解析】選F。本段的標(biāo)題是Getabikefit,下文中出現(xiàn)了“height”和“reach”兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,并且分別對其進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的解釋,可知同時(shí)包含這兩個(gè)元素的F選項(xiàng)符合語境。故選F。3.【解析】選E。根據(jù)上文“Toolong,andyourbackwillbesorereachingforthehandlebars.”可知,后面是對前句進(jìn)行的補(bǔ)充說明,補(bǔ)充的是與之相反的情況,即tooshort時(shí)的情況。E項(xiàng):Tooshort,andyourkneeswillbetooclosetoyourarms(太短,你的膝蓋會太靠近你的手臂)符合語境。故選E。4.【解析】選G。本段的標(biāo)題是Avoiddoingtoomuchtoosoon,告誡騎行者不能貪快,要循序漸進(jìn)慢慢來。同時(shí)參考后文“Similarly,...,don’tstarttoofastandriskburn-outandfatigueinthesecondhalf.”可再次佐證。G項(xiàng):Buildupslowly,easein,andgiveyourbodytimetoadjusttonewdistances(慢慢來,給你的身體時(shí)間來適應(yīng)新的路程)符合語境。故選G。5.【解析】選D。根據(jù)上文“Grouprideshavetheirownrulesforriding.”可知如果不按照一定的規(guī)則就容易造成混亂,導(dǎo)致撞車。也可通過后文的“hangoutintheback,observe”推斷出來。D項(xiàng):It’seasytocauseacrashifyourridingisn’tpredictable(如果你的騎行方式不可預(yù)測,很容易撞車)符合語境。故選D。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeof1.________(share)myenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.Eachplayhasathemeorcentralidea2._______theplaywrighthopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharacters3._______(use)tocreateasingle4._______(impress)growingoutofthetheme.However,5._______varietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowtheversatility(多面性)oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.Amongthewritersofthe6.______(play)inthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveallreceivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributions7.____thetheater.8.______(much)informationabouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.9.______(get)themostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim(變暗).Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialogue10.______(tell)youthestory.1.【解析】sharing?？疾榉侵^語動詞。介詞of后應(yīng)用動名詞作賓語。2.【解析】which/that。which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句,從句中缺少getacross的賓語,先行詞athemeorcentralidea指物,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that或者which引導(dǎo)。3.【解析】areused?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。use和主語characters之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。4.【解析】impression?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。冠詞a和形容詞single后應(yīng)用名詞。5.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。avarietyof各種各樣的。固定搭配。6.【解析】plays?？疾槊~的復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的collection可知,戲劇集里的戲劇不止一部,應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。7.【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。contribution后應(yīng)用介詞to。8.【解析】More。考查比較級。根據(jù)語境可知,更多的關(guān)于劇作家的信息可以在書的末尾得知。應(yīng)用比較級。9.【解析】Toget。考查非謂語動詞。不定式表示目的。10.【解析】willtell?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語inafewminutes可知,應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。閱讀理解(2021·長沙模擬)

Fathershaveastronginfluenceontheirchildren.Andoneoftheareasinwhichresearcherslookfortheinfluenceisinthedevelopmentoflanguage.Whatbeginswithgesturesandsoundsdevelopsintocompetencewithlanguagebyaroundage3.Fathersareprovingtobeanimportantpartofthisprocess,asLynneVernon-FeagansoftheUniversityofNorthCarolinaandhercolleaguesarefindingout.

Theyhavedonesomeofthemostinterestingworklookingatchildren’slanguagedevelopmentinbothmiddle-classandpoor,ruralfamilies.They’vefound,totheirsurprise,thatnotonlyarefathersimportantforchildren’slanguagedevelopment,butthatfathersmattermorethanmothers.Forexample,theyfoundthatfathers’useofvocabularywhenreadingpicturebookstotheirchildrenat6monthsofagewassignificantlyrelatedtothechildren’sexpressivenessat15monthsanduseofadvancedlanguageatage3.Thisheldtruenomatterwhatthemother’seducationallevelwasorhowshespoketothechildren.

Vernon-Feaganswassurprisedbythedifferencebetweenmothersandfathers.Shehadthoughttheywouldbeequallyinvolvedinencouragingtheirchildren’slanguagedevelopment.Whywouldfathersbemoreimportantinthisregardthanmothers?Maybeit’sbecausemothersaremorefamiliarwiththeirkids,typicallyspendingmoretimewiththemthanfathersdo.Thatmakesmothersmorelikelytochoosewordsthekidsknow.Fathersaren’tasfamiliarwiththeirkids,sotheyuseabroadervocabulary,andthekidslearnnewwordsandconceptsasaresult.

Vernon-Feagansthoughttheremightbeanotherfactoratplayaswell.Becausefathersusuallyspendlesstimewiththeirkids,theyaremoreofanovelty.Thatmakesthemmoreinterestingplaymates.“Idothinkourchildrenseeitasveryspecialwhentheydobookreadingwiththeirfathers,”shesaid.“Theymaylistenmoreandacquirelanguageinaspecialway.”

Theresearchersfoundthatwealthierfathersproducedagreaterriseintheirchildren’sIQsthandidsimilarlyactivelow-incomefathers.Itmightsounddiscouraging,butitsuggeststhatimprovingmen’seducationalorfinancialstatuswouldbringbenefitsnotonlytothembuttotheirchildrenaswell.【文章大意】本文是說明文,介紹了父親對孩