安徽省五市2023-2024學年高二上學期期末聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省五市2023-2024學年高二上學期期末聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whatisundertheboy’spillow?A．Thegeographybook.B．Thephysicsbook.C．Thehistorybook.2．Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Athome.B．Inabar.C．Inanoffice.3．WhatinstrumentdoesHarryneedtopractisemore?A．Theguitar.B．Thepiano.C．Theviolin.4．Whatwillthemandofirst?A．Goswimming.B．Gethisbooks.C．Playtennis.5．Whydidthewomangototown?A．Tolearnaboute-payment.B．Tobuybooks.C．Todrawsomemoney.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．WhereisthefestivalBurningManheld?A．Inatradingcenter.B．Inthedesert.C．Inthewoods.7．WhatcanpeopledoinsideBurningMan?A．Usecash.B．Tradestuff.C．Burnpapers.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．WhatdoesthemansayaboutKingTeam?A．Theywonthematch.B．Theylostbyonegoal.C．Theyplayedverywell.9．WhendidMikeleavethematch?A．Tenminutesafteritbegan.B．Twentyminutesafteritbegan.C．Twentyminutesbeforeitended.10．Whodidthemangowith?A．Hissister.B．Hisbrother.C．Hisfather.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Aplace.B．Aholiday.C．Adinner.12．WhatdidthemanbuyinChinatown?A．Somelanterns.B．Somefireworks.C．Anupside-down“Fu”.13．Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sNewYear’sEve?A．Amusing.B．Relaxing.C．Tiring.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14．WhatwillthemandothisSunday?A．Prepareagift.B．Attendaparty.C．Gomountainclimbing.15．Whatkindofbookdoestheman’ssisterlike?A．Detectivenovels.B．Paintingbooks.C．Romanticstories.16．Whatpresentwillthemangivehissister?A．Atoy.B．Adress.C．Atickettoaconcert.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwoartists?A．Strangers.B．Colleagues.C．Schoolmates.18．WhichdirectiondoesXiaoHan’sstudioface?A．South.B．West.C．East.19．WhatareHeTing’spaintingsmainlyabout?A．Landscapes.B．Animals.C．Peopleandlife.20．WhatisHeTing’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftraditionalChinesepainting?A．Worried.B．Positive.C．Doubtful.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A4ModernRobotsThatWillShapeOurFutureTherewasonceatimewhenrobotswerelimitedtoscience-fictionmoviesandnovels.Nowwehaveawidevarietyofrobots,availableforourservice.Hereare4examples.ValkyrieNASA’s“superhero”robotis6feet2inchesinheightandwasoriginallydesignedforuseontheInternationalSpaceStation.Valkyrieisabletowalkbyitself,pickupobjectsandusetools.NASAhopesthatoneday,itcanhelphumansindangerzonesanddisaster-strickenareas.Therobotisbasicallyashe-botsinceitwasbuiltwithfemalecharacteristics.SchaftThisrobot,madebyaJapanesecompany(whichwaslaterboughtbyGoogle),wontherecentDARPAroboticscompetition.The4feet11inchesinheightrobotcanpoweritselfinsteadofabattery.Thisgivesitgreatermovementsincebatterieslimithowfasttherobotcanactuallyperformtasks.Schaftblewthecompetitionaway.IantheInvincibleIan,basedontheAtlasrobot,iscreatedbyGoogle-owned,BostonDynamics.The6feet2inchesinheightrobothas28hydraulicallyactuatedjointsandstereovision.WhatmakesIanuniqueisthesoftwarewhichallowshimtodriveacar.IancamesecondattheRobo-Olympics,butthe330poundgiantstillhasquiteawaytogo.TelebotStillunderdevelopmentatFloridaInternationalUniversity,Telebotwillgiveinjuredanddisabledpoliceofficersanopportunitytogobacktowork.Therobotis180cminheight,travelsonwheelsandisremotecontrolled.ThreeHDcamerasgiveTelebota360degreeviewandwithmultiplesensors,ithelpscopstomonitoranydangeroussituationfromasafedistance.1.WhatdoesValkyriefeature?A.Built-incameras. B.Thecapacitytousetools.C.Itsuniquegenderdesign. D.Theabilitytopickupobjects.2.WhatdoSchaftandIantheInvinciblehaveincommon?A.Theyhavethesameheight. B.Theyoffersimilarapplications.C.TheybothwonintheRobo-Olympics. D.Theynowbelongtothesamefirm.3.WhoisTelebotintendedfor?A.Thedisabled. B.Thepolice. C.Theelderly. D.Theastronauts.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了4款會影響未來的現(xiàn)代機器人?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。本題問Valkyrie款機器人的特點。根據(jù)Valkyrie部分的“Therobotisbasicallyashe-botsinceitwasbuiltwithfemalecharacteristics.(這個機器人基本上是一個女性機器人，因為它是帶有女性特征的)”可知，這個機器人是以女性特征制造的，是有性別的。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Schaft部分“Thisrobot,madebyaJapanesecompany(whichwaslaterboughtbyGoogle)…(這個機器人由一家日本公司制造(后來被谷歌收購)…)”和IantheInvincible部分的“Ian,basedontheAtlasrobot,iscreatedbyGoogle-owned,BostonDynamics.(伊恩的原型是阿特拉斯機器人，由谷歌旗下的波士頓動力公司制造)”可知，現(xiàn)在它們隸屬于同一家公司-谷歌。故選D項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“StillunderdevelopmentatFloridaInternationalUniversity,Telebotwillgiveinjuredanddisabledpoliceofficersanopportunitytogobacktowork.(佛羅里達國際大學仍在開發(fā)Telebot，它將使受傷和殘疾的警察有機會重返工作崗位)”及“ithelpscopstomonitoranydangeroussituationfromasafedistance.(它可以幫助警察從安全距離監(jiān)視任何危險情況)”可知，這款機器人是專為警察設(shè)計的。故選B項。BMareiS.B.,25,gotherfirsttasteofherdreamcareerthispastsummerinColorado,wheresheinterned(實習)atWoodward,Inc.,anAmericandesigner,manufacturer,andserviceproviderofcontrolsystemcomponentsforaircraftenginesforsomeoftheworld’slargestaircraftcompanies.MareiwaspartoftheplatformdevelopmentengineeringteamatWoodward,helpingtraintheoperationsandengineeringteamsoncrucialaircraftcomponents.“Thiswasmyveryfirstinternship,andIwasamazedbytheaerospaceindustry,”shesaid.“Wewerealwayscrunchedunderdeadlines,andcustomers,understandably,requestedlargeworkorders.Therewasalwaysapressuretoperformyourbestandprovidethemwiththebestpossibleunitsmadeatourplant.Thistaughtmealotabouthowdemandingandfast-pacedtheindustryis,butitalsoconfirmedandreassuredmethatIreallywanttoworkintheaerospaceindustry.”TheinternshiprequiredMareitousebothhertechnicalengineeringandinterpersonalskills.SheworkedwithboththeengineeringandoperationsteamsatWoodward.“Theoperationsteamdidn’tnecessarilyhaveengineeringdegrees,soIhadtobreakdowntechnicaltermsintoeverydaywordsthatweuse,”shesaid.“Ittaughtmetobespecificandprecise.EvenifIhavetorepeatthingsthreeorfourtimes,that’stotallyfine.I’dratherbemorerepetitiveandensureeachstepiscorrectthanhavetoreworktheentireprocess.”Mareialsohelpedtraintheteamsthroughproductdisplaysandvisualworkinstructionsonhowtomanufacturespecificproducts.Thatbroughtitsownuniquethrill,astheinstructionsshecreatedcouldbeusedlongafterherinternshipended.MareiisplanningtoreturntoWoodwardthiswinter.She’llhaveanothersemester’sworthofengineeringknowledge,whichwillfurtherherintothecareershe’salwayswanted.“IgottoapplymanyofthethingsIlearnedatHarvard,”shesaid.“TheinternshiptaughtmethetechnicalknowledgeI’dneedtolearnfrommycoursesthatcouldbeappliedhere.”4.WhoisMarei?A.AnAmericanmanufacturer. B.AgraduatefromWoodward.C.Along-timeworkerofWoodward,Inc.. D.Anadvancedstudentgainingpracticalexperience.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crunched”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Extremelybusy. B.Desperatelyfrustrated.C.Reallysatisfied. D.Especiallyrandom.6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMarei’sworkinWoodward,Inc.?A.Boringbutrewarding. B.Motivatingandsmooth.C.Demandingbutbeneficial. D.Challengingandcomfortable.7.WhywillMareireturntoWoodward?A.Tohuntforfurtherstudyinhighcollege. B.Torealizethepotentialinteaching.C.Tobetterputtheknowledgeintopractice. D.Tofulfilltheinitialdreamattheyoungage.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了25歲的MareiS.B.在美國伍德沃德公司實習的經(jīng)歷，她作為平臺開發(fā)工程團隊的一員，幫助培訓和指導操作和工程團隊關(guān)于關(guān)鍵飛機部件的知識。這次實習讓她深刻體會到了航空航天工業(yè)的嚴苛和高效率，同時也堅定了她從事航空航天事業(yè)的決心?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“MareiS.B.,25,gotherfirsttasteofherdreamcareerthispastsummerinColorado,wheresheinterned(實習)atWoodward,Inc.,anAmericandesigner,manufacturer,andserviceproviderofcontrolsystemcomponentsforaircraftenginesforsomeoftheworld’slargestaircraftcompanies.(今年夏天，25歲的MareiS.B.在科羅拉多州的伍德沃德公司第一次體驗了她夢寐以求的職業(yè)生涯。伍德沃德公司是一家美國設(shè)計、制造和服務(wù)提供商，為世界上一些最大的飛機公司提供飛機發(fā)動機控制系統(tǒng)組件)”可知，MareiS.B.在為世界上一些最大的飛機公司提供飛機發(fā)動機控制系統(tǒng)組件的美國伍德沃德公司實習，是一位想獲得實習經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)秀學生。故選D項?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Wewerealwayscrunchedunderdeadlines,andcustomers,understandably,requestedlargeworkorders.(我們總是在截止日期前crunched，客戶要求大量的工作訂單也是可以理解的)”和“Thistaughtmealotabouthowdemandingandfast-pacedtheindustryis(這讓我了解到這個行業(yè)的要求有多高，節(jié)奏有多快)”可知，MareiS.B.從事的這一行業(yè)要求多高，節(jié)奏快，結(jié)合劃線詞后“customers,understandably,requestedlargeworkorders”可推知，因為客戶要求大量的工作訂單，所以在截止日期前會“很忙”。劃線詞crunched與同義extremelybusy。故選A項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Therewasalwaysapressuretoperformyourbestandprovidethemwiththebestpossibleunitsmadeatourplant.Thistaughtmealotabouthowdemandingandfast-pacedtheindustryis,butitalsoconfirmedandreassuredmethatIreallywanttoworkintheaerospaceindustry.(總是有一種壓力，要表現(xiàn)得最好，并為他們提供最好的我們的工廠制作的元件。這讓我了解到這個行業(yè)的要求有多高、節(jié)奏有多快，但也讓我確信，我真的想在航空航天行業(yè)工作)”可知，在伍德沃德公司的實習工作要求很高(demanding)；根據(jù)第四段中“Thatbroughtitsownuniquethrill,astheinstructionsshecreatedcouldbeusedlongafterherinternshipended.(這帶來了獨特的快樂，因為她創(chuàng)建的說明可以在實習結(jié)束后很長一段時間內(nèi)使用)”和最后一段中“TheinternshiptaughtmethetechnicalknowledgeI’dneedtolearnfrommycoursesthatcouldbeappliedhere.(實習教會了我需要從課程中學習的技術(shù)知識，這些知識可以應(yīng)用到這里)”可知，實習工作帶來了好處(beneficial)。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“MareiisplanningtoreturntoWoodwardthiswinter.She’llhaveanothersemester’sworthofengineeringknowledge,whichwillfurtherherintothecareershe’salwayswanted.“IgottoapplymanyofthethingsIlearnedatHarvard,”shesaid.(Marei計劃今年冬天回到伍德沃德。她將學習一個學期的工程知識，這將進一步推動她一直想要的職業(yè)生涯。“我把在哈佛學到的很多東西都用上了，”她說)”可知，Marei會回到伍德沃德是因為她想把新學期學到的知識付諸實踐。故選C項。C“Everybodyistalentedbecauseeverybodywhoishumanhassomethingtoexpress,”saidAmericanjournalistBrendaUeland.However,sometimesstrictteachersorartworldcouldkillcreativesparkinthosewhomightnotmeetacademicorartworldexpectations.Fromayoungage,Emily’sparentsintroducedhertoart.Herfathertookhertoworld-renownedgalleriesinGermany,Italy,orFrance.AlthoughherfatherlovedandfocusedonMedievalandreligiousart,nine-year-oldEmilywastakenabackbytheModernArt.“IwouldgototheModernArtsectiononmyown.Thepaintingswerefantastic,andmyheartflewlookingatthem,”saidEmily.Althoughshelovedartsandtookcreativesubjectsatschool,sheneverhadenoughtimetodedicatetopainting.OnlyaftershecompletedherPh.D.insystematictheology(神學)atTheUniversityofSt.Michael’sCollegeinCanada,shefoundtimetopaintin1996.“Iwasalreadyteachingtheology,andIenrolled(報名)inawatercolourclass.OnceIstarted,Icouldnotstop,”shesaid.Emilyworksasanindependentfundraiserconsultantfornon-profitorganizations,inadditiontoherresponsibilitiesasaFundDeveloperatCardinalFelixFoundation.Sheregularlytakesartclassesorpaintsathome,butshepackshercoloursoneverytrip.“Paintinghelpsmetogetintouchwithmytrueself.Ithasmademylifericher,”shesaid.Inherpainting,shelikestofocusonasingleobjectanddrawattentiontoitsdetails.“Iliketoseewhatisuniqueaboutanobjectandhowitcomplementsitssurrounding,”shesaid.Emilyenjoyscreatingcolourfulandnovelscenes.Sheignoresremarksofthosewhofollowstrictartconceptsandwhoisconsideredagenuineartist.Emilyviewsartandcreativityasauniquelanguagethatintroduceshertodifferentaspectsoflifeandpeople.“Artisalsomybestfriend.Itisalwayshereforme,”shesaid.8.WhydoestheauthormentionBrendaUeland?A.Toshareadepressingstory. B.Toclarifyinsightsonartcreation.C.Toassumetheprospectoftalents. D.Todemonstratethecreativityofartists.9.WhatdoweknowaboutEmily’sfather?A.HeledEmilytothedoorofart.B.HeaccompaniedEmilytopaintalltheway.C.Hewasagainstthechoiceofsystematictheology.D.Hehadthesametastesinartandsimilarhobbies.10.WhendidEmilyactuallybegintodrawpictures?A.Atayoungage. B.DuringthetriptoFrance.C.IntheUniversityofSt.Michael’sCollege. D.AfterobtainingherPh.D.inCanada.11.HowdidEmilyreacttothestrictartcritics?A.Turnadeafearandbetruetoherself.B.Followtheirprofessionalandfar-reachingadvice.C.Learnfromtheireducationalandcreativeremarks.D.Adoptcriticalthinkingtohandlethecriticism.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述了Emily的繪畫之路和對繪畫的感悟。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段““Everybodyistalentedbecauseeverybodywhoishumanhassomethingtoexpress,”saidAmericanjournalistBrendaUeland.However,sometimesstrictteachersorartworldcouldkillcreativesparkinthosewhomightnotmeetacademicorartworldexpectations.(美國記者BrendaUeland說：“每個人都很有天賦，因為每個人都有表達的東西?！?。然而，有時嚴格的老師或藝術(shù)界可能會扼殺那些可能達不到學術(shù)或藝術(shù)界期望的人的創(chuàng)造力。)”可知，作者提到BrendaUeland是為了闡述其對藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的感悟和理解。故選B項。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Fromayoungage,Emily’sparentsintroducedhertoart.Herfathertookhertoworld-renownedgalleriesinGermany,Italy,orFrance.(從小，Emily的父母就向她介紹藝術(shù)。她的父親帶她去了德國、意大利或法國的世界知名畫廊。)”可知，艾米麗的父親引領(lǐng)其進入繪畫之門。故選A項?！?0題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“OnlyaftershecompletedherPh.D.insystematictheology(神學)atTheUniversityofSt.Michael’sCollegeinCanada,shefoundtimetopaintin1996.(直到她在加拿大圣邁克爾大學學院完成了系統(tǒng)神學博士學位后，她才在1996年抽出時間畫畫。)”可知，艾米麗在加拿大獲得博士學位后開始畫畫。故選D項。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sheignoresremarksofthosewhofollowstrictartconceptsandwhoisconsideredagenuineartist.Emilyviewsartandcreativityasauniquelanguagethatintroduceshertodifferentaspectsoflifeandpeople.“Artisalsomybestfriend.Itisalwayshereforme,”shesaid.(她忽略了那些遵循嚴格藝術(shù)概念、被認為是真正藝術(shù)家的人的言論。Emily將藝術(shù)和創(chuàng)造力視為一種獨特的語言，將她介紹給生活和人們的不同方面。“藝術(shù)也是我最好的朋友。它永遠在我身邊，”她說。)”可知，艾米麗對嚴格的藝術(shù)評論家的言論充耳不聞，她把藝術(shù)和創(chuàng)造力視為一種獨特的語言，能讓她了解生活和人們的不同方面，忠于自己。故選A項。DAspeciesofspiderlivesitsentirelifeunderwater,despitehavinglungsthatcanonlybreatheatmosphericoxygen.Howdoesitdoit?Thisspider,knownastheArgyronetaaquatica,hasmillionsofrough,water-repellent(防水)hairsthattrapairarounditsbody,creatinganoxygencanandactingasabarrierbetweenthespider’slungsandthewater.Now,ateamofresearchersledbytheHarvardJohnA.PaulsonSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences(SEAS),hasdevelopedasuperhydrophobic(超疏水)surfacewithastableplastron(胸甲)thatcanlastformonthsunderwater,followingthesuitofthespider.“Researchinthesematerialsisanextremelyexcitingareathatcontinuestobringintotheregionofman-madematerialselegantsolutionsevolvedinnature,whichallowustointroducenewmaterialswithpropertiesneverseenbefore,”saidJoannaAizenberg.“Thisresearchexemplifieshowuncoveringtheseprinciplescanleadtodevelopingsurfacesthatmaintainsuperhydrophobicityunderwater.”Researchershaveknownfor20yearsthatastableunderwaterplastronwastheoreticallypossiblebut,untilnow,haven’tbeenabletoshowitexperimentally.Oneofthebiggestissueswithplastronsisthattheyneedroughsurfacestoform,likethehairofArgyronetaaquatica.Butthisroughnessmakesthesurfacemechanicallyunstableandsubtletoanysmallchangeintemperature,pressure,ortinydefect.Butwithanewmethodandasimplemanufacturingtechnique,theteamdesignedasurfacefromacommonlyusedandinexpensivematerialwithalong-lastingplastronthatkeptthesurfacedrythousandsofhourslongerthanpreviousexperimentsandevenlongerthantheplastronsoflivingspecies.Toprovethestabilityoftheplastron,theresearchersputthesurfacethroughthetest-bendingit,twistingit,hittingitwithhotandcoldwater,andrubbingitwithsandandsteel.12.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.ThecharacteristicsoftheArgyronetaaquatica.B.ThepotentialthreattotheexistenceoftheArgyronetaaquatica.C.TheeffectoftheArgyronetaaquaticainthewaterworld.D.ThedilemmaoftheArgyronetaaquaticafacingtosurviveunderwater.13.WhatmayJoannaAizenbergapproveof?A.Theprospectofman-madematerialstakingplaceofnaturalones.B.Thenecessityofmeasuringtheadvantagesofdevelopingcreativesurfaces.C.Thesignificanceofdetectingtheprinciplesinanimalstodiscoverrarespecies.D.Thebenefitofobservingnatureandmakingfulluseofittocreatenewmaterials.14.Whywasithardtoproduceastableunderwaterplastronpreviously?A.Becauseoflackofrawmaterials.B.Sincetherewasnoexampletofollow.C.Duetotheshortageofexperimentalexperiences.D.Becausethespecialsurfacemakesitdifficulttobestable.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ABreath-catchingSpider B.Staying-dryPlastronUnderwaterC.InnovationsinWildlifeProtection D.RecognitionofCopyingSpider’sRole【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科研人員研發(fā)的一種可以在水下佩戴的胸甲，這是根據(jù)一種在水下生活一輩子卻只能呼吸大氣中氧氣的蜘蛛的皮膚研發(fā)而成的?！?2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Aspeciesofspiderlivesitsentirelifeunderwater,despitehavinglungsthatcanonlybreatheatmosphericoxygen.Howdoesitdoit?Thisspider,knownastheArgyronetaaquatica,hasmillionsofrough,water-repellent(防水)hairsthattrapairarounditsbody,creatinganoxygencanandactingasabarrierbetweenthespider’slungsandthewater.(一種蜘蛛一生都生活在水下，盡管它的肺只能呼吸大氣中的氧氣。它是如何做到的?這種被稱為Argyronetaaquaticade蜘蛛有數(shù)百萬根粗糙的防水毛，這些毛可以將空氣困在身體周圍，形成一個氧氣罐，并作為蜘蛛肺部和水之間的屏障。)”可知，第一段主要介紹了這種蜘蛛一輩子都生活在水下，是因為其獨特的皮膚毛發(fā)的特點。故選A項?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Researchinthesematerialsisanextremelyexcitingareathatcontinuestobringintotheregionofman-madematerialselegantsolutionsevolvedinnature,whichallowustointroducenewmaterialswithpropertiesneverseenbefore(對這些材料的研究是一個非常令人興奮的領(lǐng)域，它將繼續(xù)為人造材料領(lǐng)域帶來自然界中進化出來的好的解決方案，這使我們能夠引入前所未有的新材料)”及“Thisresearchexemplifieshowuncoveringtheseprinciplescanleadtodevelopingsurfacesthatmaintainsuperhydrophobicityunderwater.(這項研究舉例說明了揭示這些原理如何能夠開發(fā)出在水下保持超疏水性的表面的材料。)”可知JoannaAizenberg應(yīng)該贊成觀察自然并利用其引入前所未有的性能的新材料是有益于人類的。故選D項。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneofthebiggestissueswithplastronsisthattheyneedroughsurfacestoform,likethehairofArgyronetaaquatica.Butthisroughnessmakesthesurfacemechanicallyunstableandsubtletoanysmallchangeintemperature,pressure,ortinydefect.(關(guān)于這種胸甲最大的問題之一是它們需要粗糙的表面來形成，就像Argyronetaaquatica蜘蛛的毛發(fā)一樣。但這種粗糙度使得表面不穩(wěn)定，對溫度、壓力或微小缺陷的任何微小變化都很敏感。)”可知，從物理機械學角度這種粗糙度使得表面很難維持穩(wěn)定。故選D項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文尤其是第二段“Now,ateamofresearchersledbytheHarvardJohnA.PaulsonSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences(SEAS),hasdevelopedasuperhydrophobic(超疏水)surfacewithastableplastron(胸甲)thatcanlastformonthsunderwater,followingthesuitofthespider.(現(xiàn)在，由哈佛大學HarvardJohnA.Paulson工程與應(yīng)用科學學院(SEAS)領(lǐng)導的一組研究人員已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種超疏水表面(超疏水)，其穩(wěn)定的板(胸甲)可以在水下持續(xù)數(shù)月，就像蜘蛛的衣服一樣。)”及最后一段“Butwithanewmethodandasimplemanufacturingtechnique,theteamdesignedasurfacefromacommonlyusedandinexpensivematerialwithalong-lastingplastronthatkeptthesurfacedrythousandsofhourslongerthanpreviousexperimentsandevenlongerthantheplastronsoflivingspecies.(但通過一種新方法和一種簡單的制造技術(shù)，該團隊用一種常用且廉價的材料設(shè)計了一種表面，這種表面具有持久的胸甲，比以前的實驗保持表面干燥的時間長數(shù)千小時，甚至比生物的胸甲還要長。)”可知文章主要介紹了一種根據(jù)仿生一種水下生存的蜘蛛而新研發(fā)的可長時間保持干燥的防水胸甲。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。OvercomingFearofFailureHaveyoueverbeensoafraidoffailingatsomethingthatyoudecidednottotryatall?Orhasfearoffailuremeantthat,subconsciously,youundermined(削弱)yourowneffortstoavoidthepossibilityofalargerfailure?____16____It’simportanttorealizethatineverythingwedo,there’salwaysachancethatwe’llfail.Facingthatchanceandembracingitgiveusamorerewardinglife.Hereareafewwaystoreducethefearoffailing.Analyzeallpotentialoutcomes.____17____Removethatfearbyconsideringallofthepotentialoutcomesofyourdecision.Youcanmappossibleoutcomesvisually.Setsmallgoals.Imagininghowlifewillbeafteryou’vereachedyourgoalisagreatmotivatortokeepyoumovingforward.Sostartbysettingafewsmallgoals.____18____Don’tfocusontheendpicture.Justfocusonthenextstep.Takingonesmallstepatatimewillhelpbuildyourconfidence,keepyoumovingtowardsyourfinalgoal.Learntothinkmorepositively.Everycoinhastwosides.____19____Learntochangeyourthoughtsandfocusmoreonthebrightsideofthesituation,makingyoulikeyourself.Positivethinkingisanincrediblypowerfulwaytobuildself-confidence.____20____Insomecases,thetoughestsituationmaybegenuinelydisastrous(災(zāi)難性的)anditmaybeperfectlyreasonabletofearfailure.Inothercases,however,thisworstcasemayactuallynotbethatbad,andrecognizingthiscanhelp.A.Lookattheworse-casesituation.B.Itisuptoyoutodecidewhichonetolookat.C.Failingatsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends.D.Manyofushaveprobablyexperiencedthisatonetimeoranother.E.Ifyouareafraidoffailure,youmightbeuncomfortablesettinggoals.F.Theseshouldbegoalsthatareslightly,butnotoverwhelmingly,challenging.G.Manypeopleexperiencefearoffailurebecausetheyfeartheunknown.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.B20.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章就如何減少人們對失敗的恐懼給了四個方法?！?6題詳析】上文“Haveyoueverbeensoafraidoffailingatsomethingthatyoudecidednottotryatall?Orhasfearoffailuremeantthat,subconsciously,youundermined(削弱)yourowneffortstoavoidthepossibilityofalargerfailure?(你有沒有因為害怕某件事失敗而決定根本不去嘗試？還是對失敗的恐懼意味著，在潛意識里，你破壞了自己為避免更大失敗的可能性所做的努力)”講述了人們害怕失敗的現(xiàn)象和背后的心理因素，再結(jié)合下文“It’simportanttorealizethatineverythingwedo,there’salwaysachancethatwe’llfail.(重要的是要認識到，在我們所做的每件事中，總會有失敗的機會)”，該空應(yīng)該講失敗存在的普遍性，D選項“我們中的許多人可能曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過這種情況?！鼻泻险Z境，也可引出下文講人總會有失敗的時候。故選D項?！?7題詳析】由小標題“Analyzeallpotentialoutcomes.(分析所有潛在結(jié)果。)”可知本段主要講減少人們對失敗恐懼的方法之一——分析事情將產(chǎn)生的所有（好壞）結(jié)果，該空應(yīng)該要分析人們害怕失敗的原因，G選項“許多人害怕失敗是因為他們害怕未知?！笔菍Χ温錁祟}的闡釋。故選G項。【18題詳析】由小標題“Setsmallgoals.(設(shè)定小目標。)”可知本段主要講減少人們對失敗恐懼的方法之一——設(shè)定小目標，再結(jié)合上文“Sostartbysettingafewsmallgoals.(所以，從設(shè)定幾個小目標開始)”可知，該空應(yīng)該講具體如何設(shè)置小目標，F(xiàn)選項“這些目標應(yīng)該具有輕微的挑戰(zhàn)性，但不是壓倒性的挑戰(zhàn)性。”對前句的小目標具體解釋。故選F項?！?9題詳析】由小標題“Learntothinkmorepositively.(學會更積極地思考。)”可知本段主要講減少人們對失敗恐懼的方法之一——學會更積極地思考，再結(jié)合上文“Everycoinhastwosides.(凡事都有兩面性。)”可知，該空應(yīng)該講積極思考事物兩面性后應(yīng)該怎么做，B選項“你來決定要看哪一面?！鼻泻险Z境。故選B項。【20題詳析】該空選取小標題，需總結(jié)下文。由下文“Insomecases,thetoughestsituationmaybegenuinelydisastrous(災(zāi)難性的)anditmaybeperfectlyreasonabletofearfailure.Inothercases,however,thisworstcasemayactuallynotbethatbad,andrecognizingthiscanhelp.(在某些情況下，最艱難的情況可能真的是災(zāi)難性的，害怕失敗可能是完全合理的。然而，在其他情況下，這種最壞的情況實際上可能沒有那么糟糕，認識到這一點會有所幫助。)”可知，本段在談?wù)撟顗牡那闆r，A選項“看看更糟糕的情況?！鼻泻险Z境。故選A項。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。MikeVenywaswalkingtohistruckoneafternoonwhenhereceivedanemailfromacolleague____21____thatsomeinformationheneededforaprojectwasn’tavailable.Immediately,hebecame____22____andthoughtaboutagrowinglistofcomplains:acoworkerwho____23____him,peopleonthestreetwerelookingathimfunny,hisdadhadn’t____24____himallweek...Veny,whoworksinacompanythat____25____mentalwellness(心理健康),recalled,“Badfeelingsstormedfasterandfasteruntilthings____26____10,000times.”____27____,Venyhadaplanfordealingwiththese.He____28____inthemiddleofthestreettocollecthimselfandthengotintohis____29____.Hethoughtabouttheanswerstothree_____30_____:WhatdoIfeel?Anger,butalsosadnessatlosingworkandfearofwhetherIwouldgetthemotivationbygoingtothe_____31_____.WheredoIfeelit?Inmychestandstomach.WhatdoIneednow?Timetofeeltheemotionsratherthansuppress(壓制)them.Next,hewenttothegym.Themusicwasloudandhebecamerelaxedwhilehe_____32_____.Whenhegothome,hedidyoga,whichhesayshelpshimletgoofhis_____33_____emotions.Inbedthatnight,Veny_____34_____hehadasmileonhisface.Hesaid,“IfeltlikeIwasin_____35_____again,likeIhadtakenmypowerback.”21.A.stating B.stressing C.proving D.learning22.A.excited B.regretful C.angry D.depressed23.A.thrilled B.annoyed C.qualified D.interested24.A.supported B.treated C.persuaded D.called25.A.provides B.produces C.discovers D.invents26.A.worsened B.cleared C.touched D.kept27.A.Unfortunately B.Frequently C.Luckily D.Relatively28.A.paused B.failed C.volunteered D.crashed29.A.car B.truck C.shop D.flat30.A.tests B.principles C.questions D.wonders31.A.cinema B.company C.office D.gym32.A.workedout B.actedout C.clearedout D.criedout33.A.interesting B.positive C.negative D.confusing34.A.determined B.realized C.ignored D.demanded35.A.effect B.fashion C.shape D.control【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.A27.C28.A29.B30.C31.D32.A33.C34.B35.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了MikeVeny用鍛煉的方式放松心情化解了憤怒的情緒。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一天下午，MikeVeny正走向他的卡車，這時他收到了一位同事的電子郵件，說他需要的一些項目信息沒有了。A.stating陳述，說明；B.stressing強調(diào)；C.proving證明；D.learning學習，得知。根據(jù)前文“hereceivedanemailfromacolleague”和后文“thatsomeinformationheneededforaprojectwasn’tavailable”可知，此處指郵件中說的內(nèi)容。故選A項?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他立刻生氣了，腦海中浮現(xiàn)出越來越多的抱怨：一個同事惹惱了他，街上的人都用奇怪的眼光看他，他爸爸一個星期都沒給他打電話……。A.excited興奮的；B.regretful遺憾的，后悔的；C.angry生氣的；D.depressed沮喪的。根據(jù)前文“someinformationheneededforaprojectwasn’tavailable”和后文“agrowinglistofcomplaints”可知，他的重要信息丟失，所以生氣了。故選C項?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.thrilled使激動；B.annoyed使惱怒；C.qualified使具備資格；D.interested使感興趣。根據(jù)常識和前文“agrowinglistofcomplaints”可知，他的抱怨中包括同事惹惱了他。故選B項?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.supported支持；B.treated對待；C.persuaded說服；D.called打電話。根據(jù)常識和前文“agrowinglistofcomplaints”可知，他的抱怨中包括他爸爸長時間沒有給他打電話。故選D項?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Veny在一家提供心理健康服務(wù)的公司工作，她回憶說：“糟糕的情緒越來越快地襲來，直到情況惡化了一萬倍?！盇.provides提供；B.produces生產(chǎn)；C.discovers發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.invents發(fā)明。根據(jù)后文“mentalwellness”可知，這是一家提供心理健康的公司。故選A項?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.worsened變得更糟；B.cleared清理；C.touched觸摸；D.kept保持。根據(jù)前文“Badfeelingsstormedfasterandfaster”可知，情況變得更糟。故選A項?！?7題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，Veny有一個處理這些問題的計劃。A.Unfortunately不幸地；B.Frequently經(jīng)常地；C.Luckily幸運地；D.Relatively相對地。根據(jù)后文“Venyhadaplanfordealingwiththese”可知，Veny有一個處理這些問題的計劃，所以是幸運的。故選C項。