【期末高二下】江西省南昌市二中2018-2019學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2/2南昌二中2018—2019學(xué)年度下學(xué)期期末考試高二英語(yǔ)試卷命題人：熊琪審題人：龔志強(qiáng)第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下—小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.Hewon’twaitforthewoman.B.Hewon’tcomehometoday.C.Hewon’tbeontimefordinner.2.Whatdoestheboystillneedtodo?A.Hanguphisclothes.B.Putawayhistoys.C.Sweepthefloor.3.Whyisthewomansad?A.Shelostherhomework.B.Themandeletedheressay.C.Sheforgottosendsomeemails.4.Howmuchdidthewomansave?A.$9.B.$44.C.$53.5.Whatdidthewomanstudyincollege?A.Business.B.Art.C.Spanish.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatcolorofflowerarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Red.B.Pink.C.Purple.7.Whenshouldthemanputtheflowerinthegarden?A.InAugust.B.InSeptember.C.InOctober.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whathappenedtothewoman?A.Shefeltsad.B.Shehadnofriend.C.Shequarreledwiththeman.9.Whatisthemantryingtodo?A.Helptomakeup.B.Apologizetoeachother.C.Makefriendswiththewoman.10.Howdoesthewomanfeelat1ast?A.ShestillhatesLucy.B.SheagreestoapologizetoLucyrightaway.C.Sheissatisfiedwiththeman’ssuggestion.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatshouldthewomanhandinnextMonday?A.Asummary.B.Ashortpassage.C.Afilmreview.12.Howmanywordsdothewomanneedtowritefortheassignment?A.About100．B.About120．C.About150．13.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Rememberthenewwords.B.Recitethetexttotheclass.C.Copytheidiomsthreetimes.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoprepareforhermother?A.Acleanhouse.B.Somenicefood.C.Acomfortablechair.15.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Feedthemousewithpeanuts.B.Prepareatrapwithglueonit.C.Gotoafieldtofindamouse.16.Whatkindofmousedoesthewomanthinkisinherhouse?A.Afatmouse.B.Asmallmouse.C.Afriendlymouse.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.HowtallistheBurjKhalifa?A828meterstall.B.304meterstall.C．162meterstall.18.WhenwastheBurjKhalifaofficiallyopened?A.In2004.B.In2009.C.In2010.19.WhodesignedtheBurjKhalifa?A.BillBaker.B.AdrianSmith.C.Armani.20.Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A.Takeabreak.B.Gotoanotherscenicspot.C.VisittheinsideoftheBurjKhalifa.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。APoliceForcepresentsCommunityRoadshow2019Wanttofindoutmoreaboutpolicework?ComeandvisitusatthevariouslocationsacrossSingapore.EnjoytheperformancesbythefriendlydogsfromthePoliceK9UnitandthePoliceBand.Comewithyourfamilyandtakepartinthefunactivities.DetailsofRoadshowDate:16-17June2019Time:10am-7pmVenues:PunggolArcadeSerangoonCentreTampinesHubShuttlebusserviceswillbeavailabletoandfromthenearestMRTstations.Eachcanbepromisedafunpackwhichconsistsof:·miniaturepolicecar·keychain·notepad·penPerformances·K9Showat11amand3pm·PoliceBandat6pmActivities·RockClimbing·BouncyCastle(forchildrenbelowtheageof12years)·ArtCompetitionTotakepartintheArtCompetition,participantsmustregisteronlineatby12June2019.Thiseventissponsoredby:·ArtforUs·DallyMinlMart·RockClimbCompanyLuckyDrawTimings:1pmand5pm(daily)1stprize:$300voucher(購(gòu)物券)2ndprize:$150voucher3rdprize:$100voucher10consolationprizesof$20eachWinnerswhoarenotpresentduringthedrawwillbenotifiedviaemailby19June2019.OrganizedbytheSingaporePoliceForce1.WhatshalleachparticipantgetinCommunityRoadshow2019?A.Afunpack. B.Someprize.C.SomeVoucher. D.BouncyCastle.2.HowshouldapersonsignupforArtCompetition?A.Onsite. B.Byemail.C.Byphone. D.ThroughtheInternet.3.Whichofthefollowingorganizedtheactivity?A.SerangoonCentre. B.RockClimbCompany.C.SingaporePoliceForce. D.PoliceortCompany.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【分析】本文是一則廣告，這則廣告的目的是推銷(xiāo)警察社區(qū)的循環(huán)演出?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Eachcanbepromisedafunpackwhichconsistsof:·miniaturepolicecar，·keychain，·notepad，·pen可知，每個(gè)參賽者可以獲得一個(gè)有趣的包裹，里面包含警車(chē)模型，鑰匙串，筆記本以及筆，故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TotakepartintheArtCompetition,participantsmustregisteronlineatby12June2019.可知，要參加ArtCompetition活動(dòng)，必須網(wǎng)上報(bào)名，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后OrganizedbytheSingaporePoliceForce可知，這些活動(dòng)的主辦方是新加坡警方，故選C。BAttheageof14,JamesHarrisonhadamajorchestoperationandherequired13units(3.4gallons)ofbloodafterwards.Theblooddonations（捐贈(zèng)）savedhislife,andhedecidedthatonceheturned18,hewouldbegindonatingbloodasregularlyashecould.Morethan60yearsandalmost1,200donationslater,Harrison,whosebloodcontainsanantibody(抗體)thathassavedthelivesof2.4millionbabiesfrommiscarriages(流產(chǎn)),retiredasablooddonoronMay11.Harrison’sbloodisvaluablebecausehenaturallyproducesRh-negativeblood,whichcontainsRh-positiveantibodies.Hisbloodhasbeenusedtocreateanti-DinAustraliasince1967.“EverybottleofAnti-DevermadeinAustraliahasJamesinit,”RobynBarlow,theRhprogramdirectortoldtheSydneyMorningHerald.“It’sanamazingthing.Hehassavedmillionsofbabies.Icryjustthinkingaboutit.”Sincethen,Harrisonhasdonatedbetween500and800millilitersofbloodalmosteveryweek.He’smade1,162donationsfromhisrightarmand10fromhisleft.“I’dkeepgoingiftheyletme,”HarrisontoldtheHerald.Hisdoctorssaiditwastimetostopthedonations—andtheycertainlydon’ttakethemlightly.Theyhadalreadyenlargedtheagelimitforblooddonationsforhim,andthey’recuttinghimoffnowtoprotecthishealth.Hemadehisfinaldonation,withsomeofthemothersandbabiesstandingaroundwhohisbloodhelpedsave.Harrison’sretirementisablowtotheRhtreatmentprograminAustralia.Only160donorssupporttheprogram,andfindingnewdonorshasproventobedifficult.ButHarrison’sretirementfromgivingblooddoesn’tmeanhe’scompletelyoutofthegame.Scientistsarecollectingandcataloging（列入目錄）hisDNAtocreatealibraryofantibodiesandwhitebloodcellsthatcouldbethefutureoftheanti-DprograminAustralia.4.WhatdoweknowaboutJamesHarrison?A.Hesaved2.4millionpoorpeople.B.Heistoretireasablooddonor.C.Heisaverygratefulblooddonor.D.Hedonatesbloodnearlyeveryday.5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingParagraph4?A.TostateHarrison’sdecisiontocontinuedonatingblood.B.TodescribehowHarrison’sdonationscometoanend.C.TointroducesomebabiessavedbyHarrison’sblood.D.TopraiseHarrisonforhiscooperationwiththedoctors.6.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutHarrison?A.Afterhisretirement,theRhprogramwillfail.B.Newdonorsareeasytofindinashorttime.C.HecontinuestocontributetotheRhprogram.D.HisDNAiskeptinalibraryforfuturestudy.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ASpecialManwithaRareBloodTypeB.TheBloodSavingMillionsofBabiesC.ASpecialBloodTypeDonortoRetireD.TheManwiththeGoldenArms【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述的是Harrison因別人的獻(xiàn)血挽救了自己的生命，因此決定18歲以后自己也參與獻(xiàn)血，接下來(lái)的60年里，他獻(xiàn)血近1200次。哈里森自然產(chǎn)生RH陰性血，其中含有RH陽(yáng)性抗體。拯救了數(shù)百萬(wàn)嬰兒?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Attheageof14,JamesHarrisonhadamajorchestoperationandherequired13units(3.4gallons)ofbloodafterwards.Theblooddonations（捐贈(zèng)）savedhislife,andhedecidedthatonceheturned18,hewouldbegindonatingbloodasregularlyashecould.”（JamesHarrison在14歲時(shí)做了一次胸部大手術(shù)，手術(shù)需要血液，獻(xiàn)血挽救了他的生命，他決定一旦年滿18歲，就開(kāi)始盡可能定期獻(xiàn)血）由此可以推知JamesHarrison是個(gè)非常感恩的獻(xiàn)血者。選項(xiàng)C與文意相符，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theyhadalreadyenlargedtheagelimitforblooddonationsforhim,andthey’recuttinghimoffnowtoprotecthishealth.Hemadehisfinaldonation,withsomeofthemothersandbabiesstandingaroundwhohisbloodhelpedsave.”（他們已經(jīng)放寬了他獻(xiàn)血的年齡限制，現(xiàn)在為了保護(hù)他的健康，他們決定停止他的獻(xiàn)血。他做了最后一次捐獻(xiàn)，幫助挽救了一些母親和嬰兒）可知，為了保護(hù)Harrison的健康，他們停止了他的獻(xiàn)血，他最后一次捐贈(zèng)的血液幫助挽救了一些母親和嬰兒，由此可以推知，作者寫(xiě)第四段的目的是去描寫(xiě)Harrison的捐贈(zèng)生涯是如何結(jié)束的，選項(xiàng)B與文意相符，故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“ButHarrison’sretirementfromgivingblooddoesn’tmeanhe’scompletelyoutofthegame.”（但是Harrison的退役并不意味著他完全退出了這場(chǎng)“比賽”）可以推知，Harrison繼續(xù)為RH項(xiàng)目做出貢獻(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)C與文意相符，故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的主要內(nèi)容和第三段中的“Sincethen,Harrisonhasdonatedbetween500and800millilitersofbloodalmosteveryweek.He’smade1,162donationsfromhisrightarmand10fromhisleft.”（從那以后Harrison幾乎每周都要捐獻(xiàn)500到800毫升的血液。他的右臂捐獻(xiàn)了1162次，左臂捐獻(xiàn)了10次。）可知，本文主要講述的是Harrison因別人獻(xiàn)血挽救了自己的生命，18歲以后的60年里，他獻(xiàn)血近1200次，他的右臂捐獻(xiàn)了1162次，左臂捐獻(xiàn)了10次，挽救了數(shù)百萬(wàn)嬰兒，故“那個(gè)擁有金色手臂的人”能作為本文的標(biāo)題，選項(xiàng)D與文意相符，故選D。CAnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy(仿真的)satellite,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbit,theresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecriticaldamage.Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.’sSurreySpaceCenterandincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFrance’sArianeGroup.GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said“Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks.”AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.8.WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?A.Disposingofspacewastes.B.Demonstratingspacetechnology.C.Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.D.Solvingseriousjunkproblemsinspace.9.HowdoestheRemoveDEBRlSsatellitework?A.Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbit.B.Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.C.Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.D.Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sponsor”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Accomplish.B.Support.C.Oppose.D.Provide.11.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ACriticalIssue:JunkinSpaceB.HowRemoveDEBRISIsDevelopedC.WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInventedD.SatelliteCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了一個(gè)名為RemoveDEBRIS的實(shí)驗(yàn)清理設(shè)備成功地在一顆虛擬衛(wèi)星周?chē)鼍W(wǎng)，模仿一種有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技術(shù)。被廣泛認(rèn)為是太空清潔技術(shù)的首次成功演示。它象征著解決太空垃圾這一關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題的第一步。同時(shí)介紹了RemoveDEBRIS衛(wèi)星的工作原理，以及面臨的問(wèn)題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummysatellite,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.（一種名為RemoveDEBRIS的實(shí)驗(yàn)清理設(shè)備成功地在一顆虛擬衛(wèi)星周?chē)鼍W(wǎng)，模仿一種有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技術(shù)。）可知RemoveDEBRIS衛(wèi)星的用途是處理太空垃圾。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第六段第一句GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.可知RemoveDEBRIS衛(wèi)星是通過(guò)在主衛(wèi)星上留下一個(gè)安全網(wǎng)，這樣碎片就可以被拖出軌道來(lái)運(yùn)作的。故選A?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.（他說(shuō)，在開(kāi)展作業(yè)清理任務(wù)之前，仍有巨大的障礙需要清除，最令人沮喪的是弄清楚如何為這些項(xiàng)目提供資金。）可知困難是說(shuō)服相關(guān)部門(mén)資助這些任務(wù)，為這些項(xiàng)目提供資金支持。故可推測(cè)劃線部分單詞意思為“支持；幫助”。A.Accomplish.完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.Support.支持；C.Oppose.反對(duì)；D.Provide.提供。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.（專家告訴CNN，本周進(jìn)行的這次測(cè)試被廣泛認(rèn)為是太空清潔技術(shù)的首次成功演示。它象征著解決太空垃圾這一關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題的第一步。）結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容為講述RemoveDEBRIS衛(wèi)星如何清除太空垃圾，象征著衛(wèi)星首次收集太空垃圾。故D選項(xiàng)最符合題意。DAlargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(誘惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe“outofsight,outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.12.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB.highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure13.Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseof B.runoutofC.build D.increase14.Theauthorcomparesself–controltomuscles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control15.Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”D.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。短文列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為有了明確的目標(biāo)，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí)，就可以在面對(duì)誘惑時(shí)使意志力保持堅(jiān)強(qiáng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第三段Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會(huì)完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來(lái)需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力幾乎沒(méi)有完全喪失。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】猜測(cè)詞義題。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正確的動(dòng)機(jī)使我們能夠利用這些儲(chǔ)備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進(jìn)。所以通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境，判斷出“tapinto”指利用，與makeuseof同義。故A選項(xiàng)正確。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.可知，雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會(huì)因運(yùn)動(dòng)而疲憊不堪，但長(zhǎng)期而言，它們會(huì)通過(guò)經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強(qiáng)。同樣規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力。兩者相比是為了說(shuō)明同一個(gè)道理：長(zhǎng)期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故D選項(xiàng)正確。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)接一個(gè)的制定目標(biāo)是一個(gè)更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來(lái)維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。所以C項(xiàng)“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】根據(jù)事物的定義或者對(duì)事物總體的概括，從而判斷出哪些具體事物或者具體的實(shí)踐應(yīng)該屬于定義的范圍或者是概括的范圍是我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的推理判斷題的題型。要解決這樣的判斷題，首先要講對(duì)事物的定義或者對(duì)事物的總體概括要讀清楚，然后根據(jù)對(duì)比4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)在定義或者概括范圍內(nèi)的。哪個(gè)就是正確的答案。由倒數(shù)第二段Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)接一個(gè)的制定目標(biāo)是一個(gè)更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來(lái)維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。C項(xiàng)“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故小題4的正確選項(xiàng)為C選項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Switchingfromchildhoodtoadulthoodcanbechallenging.____16____Workonnotactinglikeachildbymanagingyouremotions.Withalittlebitofpractice,youwillbegintoseeyourselfactingmorelikeanadultthanachild.●Acceptresponsibilityforyouractions.Youshouldtakeresponsibilityforyouractions,whethertheyareintentional(故意的)orunintentional.____17____Failingtoacceptresponsibilitymayseemlikeagoodideaatthetime,butinthelongtermitwillnotbenefityou.Forexample,ifyouaccidentallybackintoyourneighbor’scar,letthemknowbywritingthemanoteorknockingontheirdoor.Then,correctyourmistakebypayingforthedamage.●Showpeoplerespect.Respectyourpartner,familymembers,friends,andstrangers.____18____Asyougrowupandmature,youshouldunderstandtheconceptofrespectandwhyitisimportant.Givingrespectwillalsogiveyoumorerespectinreturn.●Developawaytohandleconflictmaturely.Whenyouarefacedwithaconflict,itisimportanttokeepyouremotionsincheck.Controlyourangerandavoidbecomingaggressive.____19____Giveyourselftimetocooldownifyouarereallyangry.Thiswillpreventyoufromsayinganddoingthingsthatyoushouldn’tdointheheatofthemoment.●Receivefeedback(反饋)positively.Peoplelearnandgrowbyreceivingfeedbackandcriticismfromothers.Youshouldacceptthatyoudon’tknoweverythingandthatfeedbackfromanexpertisnotmeanttohurtyou.Itismeanttohelpyou.Forexample,thoroughlyreadthroughyoureditsonyourresearchpaper.____20____A.Takeonadultresponsibilities.B.Oftentimes,youmaystillfeellikeachild.C.Childrenareoftenselfishanddisrespectful.D.Itisasignofmaturityandrespectforothers.E.Theseeditswillhelpimproveyourwritinginthefuture.F.Thiscanhelpyougethighermarksinmanyofyoursubjects.G.Takeadeepbreath,listen,andworkthroughtheconflictwiththeotherindividual.【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.G20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇選句填空。文章講述的是從童年到成年如何轉(zhuǎn)變的建議。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文Switchingfromchildhoodtoadulthoodcanbechallenging.(從童年到成年的轉(zhuǎn)變是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的。)，再根據(jù)下文Workonnotactinglikeachildbymanagingyouremotions.(學(xué)會(huì)控制自己的情緒，不要表現(xiàn)得像個(gè)孩子。)，B項(xiàng)：Oftentimes,youmaystillfeellikeachild.(通常，你可能仍然覺(jué)得自己像個(gè)孩子。)承上啟下。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文Youshouldtakeresponsibilityforyouractions,whethertheyareintentional(故意的)orunintentional.(無(wú)論你的行為是有意的還是無(wú)意的，你都應(yīng)該對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)。)，D項(xiàng)：Itisasignofmaturityandrespectforothers(這是成熟和尊重他人的標(biāo)志)是對(duì)上文內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文Respectyourpartner,familymembers,friends,andstrangers.(尊重你的伴侶、家人、朋友和陌生人。)，再根據(jù)下文Asyougrowupandmature,youshouldunderstandtheconceptofrespectandwhyitisimportant.(隨著你的成長(zhǎng)和成熟，你應(yīng)該理解尊重的概念和它為什么重要)，故C項(xiàng)：Childrenareoftenselfishanddisrespectful.(孩子們常常自私無(wú)禮，不尊重別人。)承上啟下。故選C。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文Whenyouarefacedwithaconflict,itisimportanttokeepyouremotionsincheck.Controlyourangerandavoidbecomingaggressive.(當(dāng)你面臨沖突時(shí)，控制自己的情緒是很重要的?？刂颇愕膽嵟?，避免變得咄咄逼人。)，再根據(jù)后文的cooldown可知，是讓自己平靜的方法，故G項(xiàng)：Takeadeepbreath,listen,andworkthroughtheconflictwiththeotherindividual(深呼吸、傾聽(tīng)、解決與他人的沖突)承上啟下，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文Forexample,thoroughlyreadthroughyoureditsonyourresearchpaper.(例如，通讀你對(duì)研究論文的修改。)，故E項(xiàng)：Theseeditswillhelpimproveyourwritinginthefuture.(這些編輯將有助于你今后的寫(xiě)作。)是對(duì)上文的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。故選E。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespecies(物種)thatare___21___everyday.Thewhite-napedcraneisatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto___22___thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeir___23___.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir___24___sinceshearrivedin2004.Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas___25___byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected___26___,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahad___27___takenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She___28___tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhada___29___forkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeit____30____forhertobecomeamother.____31____,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinction(滅絕)ofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda____32____ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.This____33____Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe____34____,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthe____35____,andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinction.____36____,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.Howcanwe____37____theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedusthe____38____:humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheir____39____heldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter____40____.21.A.growing B.migrating C.competing D.disappearing22.A.ban B.save C.split D.remove23.A.abortion B.recreation C.reproduction D.administration24.A.care B.eye C.mind D.story25.A.found B.chosen C.raised D.seized26.A.bonus B.consequence C.victory D.sacrifice27.A.never B.always C.unluckily D.cheerfully28.A.liked B.refused C.decided D.hesitated29.A.gift B.skill C.concern D.reputation30.A.illegal B.inspiring C.important D.impossible31.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Instead32.A.combination B.collection C.strategy D.system33.A.forced B.forbade C.taught D.enabled34.A.defeated B.grateful C.assured D.tolerant35.A.list B.rise C.agenda D.decline36.A.Incontrast B.Afterall C.Bytheway D.Onthecontrary37.A.leave B.bridge C.open D.identify38.A.course B.excuse C.answer D.reward39.A.brains B.behaviors C.services D.projects40.A.guide B.treat C.example D.companion【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.C26.B27.A28.B29.D30.D31.C32.A33.D34.C35.D36.B37.B38.C39.A40.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議類(lèi)的文章。在現(xiàn)代，野生動(dòng)物正在遭受巨大威脅，每天都有一些物種滅絕。白鶴就是其中之一。但是，有很多人正在竭盡全力保護(hù)這些物種免于滅絕。如Chris和Tim通過(guò)努力，幫助一只名叫Emma的雌鶴繁殖了五只幼鶴?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.growing生長(zhǎng)；B.migrating遷移；C.competing競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；D.disappearing消失。根據(jù)第一句“Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage”和最后一句提到的“…thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence”可以推知，野生動(dòng)物正在遭受巨大威脅，每天都有一些物種滅絕，即：“消失”。D選項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.ban禁止；B.save挽救，保護(hù)；C.split分裂；D.remove移除。前文提到每天都有物種消失，那么該句應(yīng)指科學(xué)家們正在竭盡全力保護(hù)這些物種，使它們免于滅絕。故B選項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.abortion墮胎；B.recreation娛樂(lè)；C.reproduction繁殖；D.administration管理。上文最后一句提到科學(xué)家們竭盡全力保護(hù)瀕臨滅絕的物種，由此推知，該處應(yīng)指Chris和Tim幫助瀕危物種繁殖，增加它們的數(shù)量，這樣它們才不至于滅絕。故該空應(yīng)指“繁殖”，C選項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.care照顧；B.eye眼睛；C.mind思想；D.story故事。自從2004年，Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顧。該空和下一句中的“humancaretaker”呼應(yīng)。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.chosen選擇；C.raised撫養(yǎng)；D.seized抓住。根據(jù)空后的“humancaretakers”可知，caretaker當(dāng)然是照看Emma的。故該句應(yīng)指：出生在一個(gè)國(guó)際鶴基地，Emma由人類(lèi)撫養(yǎng)照看。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.bonus獎(jiǎng)金；B.consequence結(jié)果；C.victory勝利；D.sacrifice犧牲。根據(jù)空后的though（盡管）可知，though前后的兩個(gè)句子之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后面提到，她過(guò)得很開(kāi)心。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，那么前文應(yīng)該表示“但是這導(dǎo)致了出乎意料的結(jié)果”。B選項(xiàng)正確。【27題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.never從未；B.always總是；C.unluckily不幸運(yùn)地；D.cheerfully愉快地。根據(jù)下文中的“becomedeeplyattachedtohumans...even...killingsomeofthem”等內(nèi)容可知，因?yàn)镋mma一直由人類(lèi)照看，所以它沒(méi)有將自己看作是一只鶴，而是深深的依戀上了人類(lèi)。故選A。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.liked喜歡；B.refused拒絕；C.decided拒絕；D.hesitated猶豫。根據(jù)上文，Emma不把自己當(dāng)作鶴，所以它“拒絕”和雄鶴生活在一起。B選項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.gift禮物；B.skill技巧；C.concern涉及；D.reputation名聲。根據(jù)even（甚至）這個(gè)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系可知，Emma不僅拒絕和雄鶴生活在一起，而且因?yàn)榕懒藥字恍埴Q而“臭名昭著”。故D選項(xiàng)正確。【30題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.illegal非法的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.important重要的；D.impossible不可能的。Emma拒絕和雄鶴生活，這當(dāng)然使得她“不可能”生育小鶴，成為媽媽。D選項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】考查連接副詞。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover而且；C.However然而；D.Instead反而。上文提到Emma拒絕和雄鶴生活，使得她不可能生育小鶴。下文提到兩位動(dòng)物園管理員不想看到這一物種的滅絕。由此推知，上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。C選項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.combination結(jié)合；B.collection收集；C.strategy策略；D.system體系。經(jīng)過(guò)努力，Chris和Tim成功的將“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”結(jié)合在一起。A選項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.forced強(qiáng)迫；B.forbade禁止；C.taught教；D.enabled使能夠。Chris和Tim成功的將“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”結(jié)合在一起，這使得Emma誕育了五只幼鶴。enablesb.todosth.意為“使……能夠做某事”，D選項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.defeated被打敗的；B.grateful感激的；C.assured使確信；D.tolerant忍耐的。根據(jù)后文的moreeffortsmustbemade可以推知，盡管兩個(gè)人為自己的成就感到驕傲，但是他們還需要付出更多努力，因?yàn)橐吧Q的數(shù)量在減少。所以他們還不能完全放心（白鶴不會(huì)滅絕）。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.list清單；B.rise上升；