課件英語選擇性必修一Unit5Startingout

Unit5RevealingnatureStartingout&UnderstandingideasBYMICHELLEStartingoutWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Whatmakesthemspecial?Whatothersimilaranimalsdoyouknowabout?Shareyourknowledgewiththeclass.Lookatthepagefromasciencemagazineandanswerthequestions.TheKomododragonisthelargestlizardintheworld.Itcangrowtothreemetresinlengthandcanweighabout135kilograms.Despiteitssizeandweight,itcanrunforshortdistancesatupto20kilometresperhour.Theduck-billedplatypusisasmallegg-layingmammal(upto60cminlength)foundonlyinEasternAustraliaincludingTasmania.Asitsnamesuggests,ithasamouththatlookslikeaduck’sbill,whileitsthickfurandflattailaresimilartothoseofabeaver.Asoneoftheoldestseaanimalsintheworld,thenautilushashardlychangedinabout500millionyears,andthatiswhyitisoftengiventhename“l(fā)ivingfossil”.Theyareallspeciesthatsurvivedforthousandsofyearsonearth;Theyareoldandrare(unusual).Jellyfisharesoft-bodied，free-swimmingaquaticanimalswithanumbrella-shapedbell.Theyarefoundineveryocean.Howcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?2.Canyouthinkofanotherexampleofseedstravelling?Shareitwiththeclass.Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.Plantscanhaveabetterchanceatlife.bythewindbywaterbyanimalsHowcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?2.Canyouthinkofanotherexampleofseedstravelling?Shareitwiththeclass.SeedsTravelingbyitselfbythewindbythewaterbythebirdsbytheanimalsbytheinsectsUndesrtandingideasLookattheevolutionarytreeandanswerthequestions.evolutionarytreeWhatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution?paramecium草履蟲（單細胞生物）jellyfish水母（腔腸動物）flatworm（扁形動物）earthworm蚯蚓（環(huán)節(jié)動物）snail蝸牛（軟體動物）crab螃蟹（節(jié)肢動物）starfish（棘皮動物）fish（魚類）frog青蛙（兩棲動物）turtle海龜（爬行動物）bird（鳥類）zebra斑馬（哺乳動物）human（人類）algae（藻類）moss（苔蘚）fern(蕨類)gymnosperms（裸子植物）angiosperm（被子植物）horsehairworm（線形動物）evolutionarytreeTheever-changingenvironmentofnature;

geneticmutation...populationimmigration;naturalcompetition；AJourneyofDiscoveryPre-readingWhomadethisdiscovery?Whatisthediscovery?Howdidhemakethediscovery?CharlesRobertDarwinThetheoryofevolution

TheOriginofSpeciesTheBritish

biologist,

naturalistandthefounderofTheoryofEvolution.

Inhisearlyyears,hesailedaroundtheworldontheBeagleforfiveyears,andobservedandcollectedalotofanimals,plantsandgeologicalstructures.Hepublished

theOriginofSpeciesandputforwardthetheoryofbiologicalevolution.CharlesRobertDarwinFeb12th,1809—Apr19th,1882Darwin'sTheoryofEvolution

isoneofthebasicfoundationsofmodernscience.Itshowsthatplantsandanimalscanchangeovertime.Thechangesareusuallysmallanddifficulttodetect,buttheyaddupovermanygenerationsandcanresultinnewspecies.Howdidhemakethediscovery?IntroductionOnhisjourneyGenerateideasLookformoreevidenceDevelopideasProposeatheoryConclusionPara.1

Para.7

Para.2

Para.3

Para.4

Para.5

Para.6

Para_____Para______Para_____While-readingThestructure12-5Thetextisorganizedinorderof______.timeBefore

thejourneyDuring

thejourneyAfterthejourney6-7What'sthegenreofthepassage?ExpositionArgumentationNarrationWhatWhereWhoWhyHowAJourneyofDiscoveryDarwinQuestion:Howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?England→SouthAmericaGalapagosIslandsByship—theBeagle183118351839OntheOriginofSpeciesChoosethemainideaofthepassageandgiveyourreasons.Darwin’sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.Darwin’sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.1.Whatisthefunctionofpara.1?TopraiseCharlesDarwinToarousereaders’interestsTointroduceCharlesDarwin’sachievementsToinformreadersofCharlesDarwin’slife2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutCharlesDarwinisTrue?Darwinwantedtobenefitfromvisitinglittle-knowncountriesDarwinquittedmedicalschoolduetohislackofmoneyDarwin’sfatherwassatisfiedwithDarwinDarwin’smadeasignificantscientificdiscoverythankstohisadventuresontheshipBeaglePara.1:IntroductionPara.2:OnhisjourneyverysimilartoeachothervariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironmentsandsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollectedONHISJOURNEYDarwinstudied____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswere____________________________________Para.3:GenerateideasGENERATEIDEASDarwinaskedthequestions:Howdiddifferentspecies_____________？____________________________________________________________________cometoexistMaybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments？premiseAllspecieswerecreatedby________.Somespeciesofanimalswerevery__________toeachother.Theenvironmentwas___________.conclusionAllspecieshadappearedonEarth_________________,andhadnot________since.Maybeanimals_________asthey____________theirchangingenvironments.GodatthesametimechangedsimilarchangingevolvedadaptedtoPara.4:LookformoreevidenceLOOKFOREVIDENCEOntheGalápagosIslands:Henoticed____________________________________________________________________________Itseemedthebeaks____________________________________________________________________________hadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularislandthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislandsPara.5:DevelopideasDEVELOPIDEASDarwinsuspectedthatthefinches________________________________________________________________________________________________andithad________________________________________________.hadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebeforeslowlyevolvedintomanynewspeciesA_________ancestor__________intodifferentspeciescommonevolvePara.6:ProposeatheoryPROPOSEATHEORYTheTheoryofEvolution:livingthings,includinghumans,____________________________________________.hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife_______tobelievepeoplewere_____________tobelieverefusedshockedstartedDevelopIdeasProposeatheoryLookformoreevidenceGenerateIdeasOnhisjourneystudied___________________andnoticedsomespecieswerevery___________toeachotherAnimals_________astheyadaptedtotheir_________environments_______offinches________Species________TheTheory

of

_________variouslivingthingssimilarevolvedchangingBeaksevolvedevolvedevolutionAJourneyofDiscoveryPara.7:ConclusionJourneyonthe___________Journeytodiscover_______________TheTheoryofEvolutionshipBeagleAJourneyofDiscoveryaskedhimselfaquestion(generatedanidea)answeredthequestion(developedanidea)publishedthebook(proposedatheory)started

his

journeyPost-readingWhyweremanypeople“shocked”byDarwin’stheory？Atthattime,manypeoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametimeandhadnotchangedsince,butDarwin’stheoryproposedthatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife,which,asaresult,shockedmanypeople.WhatkindofpersonwasDarwinaccordingtothepassage?Darwinwasadeterminedman.Hehadstrongcuriosityandinterestsinscienceandwasgoodatthinkingandmakingdiscoveries.Howdoyouthinkthehumanspecieswillevolveinthefuture?Whathaveyoulearntaboutthespiritofscientificexploration?Howcanthisspirithelpyouinyourlifeandstudies?Bearealexplorernotjustinstudy,butalsoinyourlife!LanguagepointsThejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.這次旅行使他有機會在自然環(huán)境中研究各種生物。variousadj.各種各樣的;多方面的;許多的【語塊積累】vary

vi.變化;不同;[生]變異varyfrom...to 從……不同variety n.不同;種類;變化,多樣化

復(fù)數(shù):varietiesavarietyof=varietiesof 各種各樣的,種種【即學活用】(1)TojointheParty,hetookanactivepartin__________activities.

為了入黨,他積極參加各種活動。(2)Thesedatahavebeencollectedfrom_______sources.這些數(shù)據(jù)是從各方面搜集來的。(3)Typingpatterns_________persontoperson.

打字模式因人而異。avarietyofvariousvaryfromLanguagepointsHisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.他船上的房間里堆滿了他收集的動植物標本。becrowdedwith擁塞;擠滿;充滿【語塊積累】crowdin

(想法、問題等)涌上心頭;涌入腦海becrowdedwith... 擠滿了……crowdinto/outof 擠進/擠出crowdaround 聚集在……的周圍acrowdof 一群;一伙;一堆crowdsof 成群的……;許多【即學活用】(1)語法填空。①Thelandscapeofpublichealthis________(crowd)withanevergrowingnumberofpartnerships,initiatives,andimplementingagencies.②Whenspeciescrowd____anarea,theycompeteforresourcesandbecomeefficientatusingthem.(2)____________gatheredonasquareoutsidetheKremlinwalls.

一大群人聚集在克里姆林宮墻外的廣場上。

crowdedintoAhugecrowdLanguagepointsAshestudiedthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?當他研究這些物種時,他問了自己一個問題:不同的物種是如何形成的?cometoexist存在,形成【語塊積累】comeacross(偶然)遇見;碰見comeintobeing形成cometo/intopower上臺執(zhí)政,當權(quán)cometoanend結(jié)束cometoaconclusion得出結(jié)論cometothepoint說到要點,切中要害cometolife蘇醒過來,變得活躍起來comeout出現(xiàn);開花;發(fā)行;發(fā)表【即學活用】(1)語法填空。①PresidentTrumphascrackeddownonChinesetradesincehecame____power.

②Quitebyaccident,shecameup____abrilliantandsimplesolutiontothechallengingproblem.(2)_______________China’seconomicdevelopment,mostcountriesintheworldhavegreatexpectationsforourdevelopmentprospects.

當談到中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的時候,世界上大多數(shù)國家都對我們的發(fā)展前景抱有很大期望。

intowithWhenitcomestoLanguagepointsMaybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?也許動物是在適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境時進化的?adaptvi.

適應(yīng)于,適應(yīng)不同情況(或環(huán)境)(to)【知識延伸】adaptation

n.適應(yīng),順應(yīng);改編,改編本adapted adj.適合的

v.使適應(yīng),改編(adapt的過去式)adaptable adj.可適應(yīng)的;有適應(yīng)能力的;適合的;可改編的【語塊積累】adaptto

(使)適合;(使)適應(yīng)adaptfrom 根據(jù)……改寫(或改編);改自【易混辨析】adopt與adaptadopt是及物動詞,接名詞或代詞作賓語。作“采用,采納,采取”解時,后面常接方法、方針、步驟、政策、意見、態(tài)度、計劃之類的名詞;作“正式通過或接受”解時,后面常接報告、議案、決議、方案、計劃之類的名詞。adaptvt.改編;使適應(yīng)vi.適應(yīng)。adapt的基本意思是通過必要的改動以適應(yīng)新的條件或適于某事物。用作及物動詞時意思是“使適應(yīng),使適合”,接sb./sth.作賓語,“適應(yīng)”的客體?？捎媒樵~to引出。adapt還可特指“改編”“改寫”,這時其客體須由介詞for或from引出。Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothenewclimate.【即學活用】(1)語法填空。①Shewasleftanorphanandapoorpeasantwoman_______(adopt)her.②Thesestylescanbe_______(adapt)tosuitindividualtastes.③Sherefusedtogivethechildfor________(adopt).(2)Ittookhimawhileto______________thecoldweather.

他過了好一陣子才適應(yīng)了寒冷的天氣。

(3)Children________anewenvironmentmoreeasilythanadults.兒童比成人更容易適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。(4)ItiswellknownthatthefilmRed

Sorghumis____________thenovelofthesametitlebyMoYan.

眾所周知,電影《紅高粱》改編自莫言的同名小說。

adoptedadaptedadoptionadapthimselftoadapttoadaptedfromLanguagepointsWhentheBeaglereachedtheGalapagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.

當貝格爾號在1835年到達加拉帕戈斯島時,達爾文看到了各種各樣的新物種,但最讓他感興趣的是鳥類。

【句式解構(gòu)】

該句為復(fù)合句,when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,itwas...that...為強調(diào)句。*(2018·天津高考)ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.當汽車停在我們家前面時,我們才看到莉莉坐在副駕駛座上。

快速掌握強調(diào)句(1)強調(diào)句常用來突出說話人要強調(diào)的語言信息,給對方以強烈的印象和感受。譯成漢語時,常加上“正是”等字眼。其基本結(jié)構(gòu):It+be的適當形式+被強調(diào)成分+that(who)+其他成分Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.→Itwashethatboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.(強調(diào)主語he)→Itwasthebookthatheboughtinthisshopyesterday.(強調(diào)賓語thebook)→Itwasinthisshopthatheboughtthebookyesterday.(強調(diào)地點狀語inthisshop)

【注意】①在該強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,It無任何意義但不可以換成this或者that等。Itis(was)...that(who)...為結(jié)構(gòu)詞,假如去掉,剩下部分在語法結(jié)構(gòu)和句子含義上均完整,這一點正是它和定語從句等的本質(zhì)區(qū)別。②關(guān)于that與who當被強調(diào)部分指人時,可以用who/that;當被強調(diào)部分指物時通常用that;當被強調(diào)部分既包括人又包括物,用that不用who。Itwasthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedthattheyweretalkingabout.

(2)特殊形式的強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)句型的否定形式、一般疑問句形式、特殊疑問句形式:①否定形式:Itis/wasnot+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他成分.ItwasnotinEnglandthatOlympicCompetitionsfirststarted.②一般疑問句形式:Was/Isit+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他成分?Isitthegirlinredthatisyoursister?③特殊疑問句形式:特殊疑問詞+was/isit+that+其他成分?Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?Whowasitthattoldyouthenews?WhenwasitthathefirstcametoChina?Wherewasitthatyoumether?Howwasitthathesolvedtheproblem?【即