2022年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(全國乙卷)英語試題含答案

絕密★啟用前2022年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(全國乙卷)英語第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。1．Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A．Havebreakfast.B．Takeawalk.C．Callhisoffice.[答案]B2．WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?A．Havingameeting.B．Flyinghome.C．Workingonaproject.[答案]C3．Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A．It'sbig.B．It'squiet.C．It'snew.[答案]B4．Howdoesthewomansound?A．Annoyed.B．Pleased.C．Puzzled.[答案]A5．Whereistheman'stable?A．Nearthedoor.B．Bythewindow.C．Inthecorner.[答案]C第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A．Eatout.B．Goshopping.C．Dosports.[答案]A7．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Bossandsecretary.B．Hostessandguest.C．Husbandandwife.[答案]C聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A．Theirbusinessisslow.B．Theweatherisfavorable.C．It'seasytohirepeople.[答案]A9．Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A．Finishitallatonce.B．Havethesalessectiongofirst.C．Doonedepartmentatatime.[答案]C聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?A．Howtoappreciateartworks.B．Howtodealwithartists.C．Howtorunamuseum.[答案]A11．WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?A．Hestudiedatacollege.B．Heservedinthearmy.C．Heworkedinagallery.[答案]A12．WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?A．Rembrandt's.B．Botticelli's.C．Rubens'.[答案]C聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A．Atalibrary.B．Inalawfirm.C．Onatrain.[答案]C14．BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?A．March.B．August.C．October.[答案]B15．WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?A．Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B．Hewasofferedabetterone.C．Hegottiredofit.[答案]A16．WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?A．Carefree. B．Understanding.C．Forgiving.[答案]B聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A．Afitnesscoach.B．Achessplayer.C．Amarathonrunner.[答案]B18．Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?A．HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B．Hebrokeaworldrecord.C．Hewonfifthplace.[答案]C19．Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?A．Gettingoveraninjury.B．Doingstrengthtraining.C．RepresentingBotswana.[答案]A20．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Hisplantogoforthegold.B．Hisexperienceonthetrack.C．Hisloveforhishomecountry.[答案]B第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AHenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像畫)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn'sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn'sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist'sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,13.10MARTINPOSTLEExhibitionTimesMonday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition：17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed：24-26Decemberand1JanuaryAdmission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了蘇格蘭最受人喜愛的畫家亨利·雷伯恩的畫展。21．WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries?A．Sun.26Oct.B．Thurs.30Oct.C．Thurs.6Nov.D．Thurs.13Nov.B[細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的關鍵信息Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries可找到“Thursday30Oct.，13.10”。由此可知，在10月30日星期四可以參加Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries講座。故選B。]22．Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A．￡4. B．￡8.C．￡12. D．￡16.B[數(shù)字計算題。根據Admission部分的“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.”可知，入場費為4英鎊，由成人陪同的12歲以下的兒童免費入場。由此可知，一對夫婦帶著兩個12歲以下的孩子入場時，總共要付8英鎊的入場費。故選B。]23．Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A．TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B．Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C．Theymustbeledbyteachers.D．TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.C[推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation，uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel，inorganisedgroupswithteachers.”可知，全日制學生要想享受團體折扣，他們就必須由老師帶領。故選C。]BIn1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N．Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop：“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes，coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了多蘿西·威肯登的暢銷書的相關情況。24．WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A．Toteachinaschool.B．TostudyAmericanhistory.C．Towriteabook.D．Todosightseeing.A[細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的關鍵信息gototheRockyMountains可查找到第一段中的“...traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.”，由此可知，她們去落基山脈的原因是去學校教學。故選A。]25．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A．Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B．Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C．Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D．Theysufferedseverehardships.D[推理判斷題。通讀第三段可知，兩個女孩的生活環(huán)境很糟糕——幾乎沒有隱私、早上被子上覆蓋著雪、兒童被凍哭、春天道路泥濘，故她們在那里的生活是十分困苦的。故選D。]26．WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?A．TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B．ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C．TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D．ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.C[細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的關鍵詞hair-raising可查找到第四段的“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads...”，由此可知Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設的部分令人毛骨悚然。故選C。]27．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport. B．Abookreview.C．Achildren'sstory. D．Adiaryentry.B[推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted：TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden，whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.”，第四段中的“InWickenden'sbook，sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.”和最后一段中的“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.”可推知，本篇文章是一則書評。故選B。]CCanasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎設施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrew'sefforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.【語篇解讀】無人機將會在保證鐵路的安全性和可靠性的同時，幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省大量費用。28．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.A[細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructure...”可知，無人機已經被用于檢查高壓電線。它們同樣可以被用來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎設施的其他重要方面。由此可知，無人機已經被用于檢查高壓電線，這使得無人機在鐵路線上的應用成為可能。故選A。]29．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety.B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair.D．Constructionofinfrastructure.C[詞義猜測題。根據第三段中的“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可知，據計算，僅歐洲鐵路每年就花費約200億歐元用于維護，包括派遣維護人員，經常在夜間檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施。由此可知，畫線詞指的是“檢查和維修”。故選C。]30．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning.B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.A[細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept：theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain，andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.”可知，工程師們現(xiàn)在正在研究一個新概念：未來的鐵路無人機。它們將在列車前方的軌道上運行，并被設定為自動運行。配備了先進傳感器和人工智能的小型無人機可以像副駕駛員一樣引導火車前進。它們能夠看到前方，可以就任何問題發(fā)出警示，這樣快速行駛的列車就能及時做出反應。由此可知，人們期待未來的鐵路無人機具備提供早期預警的功能。故選A。]31．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailwaysD[標題歸納題。根據第一段第一句“Canasmallgroupofdronesguaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand，atthesametime，helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear？”和下文對無人機在鐵路領域的應用的介紹以及對未來無人機的發(fā)展展望可知，在未來，無人機將會保證鐵路的安全性和可靠性，或許會成為鐵路安全的新未來。故D項“無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來”最適合作為本文的標題。]DTheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.【語篇解讀】英國政府通過對軟飲料征收糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康問題，并將該收入用于學校的體育設施和更健康的飲食。32．Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A．Tocollectmoneyforschools.B．Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C．Toprotectchildren'shealth.D．Toencourageresearchineducation.C[細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“...，wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.It...areconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar，puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.”可知，征收糖稅是為了保護孩子的健康，現(xiàn)在的兒童和青少年因攝入的糖分過多，使得他們患病的風險更高。故選C項。]33．Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A．Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B．Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C．Theycutdownontheirproduction.D．Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.”可知，在商店里銷售的超過一半的軟飲料被制造商降低了含糖量，這樣他們就可以避免交稅。故選D項。]34．Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A．Mostalcoholicdrinks.B．Milk-baseddrinks.C．Fruitjuices.D．ClassicCoke.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段中的“However，somehighsugarbrands，likeClassicCocaCola，haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.”可知，一些高糖品牌，如經典的可口可樂，已經接受了糖稅，并且因害怕會使消費者不快而拒絕改變。由此可知，糖稅是從經典的可口可樂征收的。故選D項。且由第五段中“Fruitjuices，milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax，asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.”也可知，果汁、奶類飲品和大多數(shù)含酒精飲品免征糖稅，由此可排除A、B、C三項。]35．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A．Itisashort-sighteddecision.B．Itisasuccessstory.C．Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D．Itupsetscustomers.B[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Today'sfigures，...showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance，andtheindustryisplayingitspart.”可知，今天的數(shù)字顯示了糖稅對體育設施和學校的健康飲食的積極影響。幫助下一代擁有一個健康且積極的童年是非常重要的，而這個行業(yè)正在發(fā)揮其作用。由此可推斷，采取糖稅政策是一個成功的例子。故選B項。]第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯(lián)系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.36．·Moreisn'talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·39Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don'trelyontechnologyalone40，butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A．RememberimportantdatesB．CompensatebywritinglettersC．ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD．TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE．FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF．ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG．Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了幾個維持遠距離友誼的方法。36．D[根據空前的“Withbusyschedules，squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.”可知，在繁忙的日程安排中，擠出時間來打電話可能是一項挑戰(zhàn)。由此可推斷出，空處所述應與時間有關。分析選項可知，D項“盡量找個對你們雙方都行的時間(去打電話)并堅持下去”符合此處的語境。故選D項。]37．E[根據空前一句“Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”可知，要確保你已經與你的朋友溝通過你們想要多頻繁地被聯(lián)系，以及什么(溝通)方式對你們雙方是最有效的。分析選項可知，E項“朋友們需要談論他們更喜歡的交流方式”承接上文，且符合此處的語境。故選E項。]38．G[根據本段的小標題“Practiseempathy”可知，本段主要講述的是“踐行共情”。根據空后一句“Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.”可知，G項“你可能是離開的那個朋友，也可能是那個被留下的(朋友)”與下文的語境相符且符合該段主題。故選G項。]39．A[分析文章結構和空處所在的位置可知，空處應填本段的小標題。通讀本段的內容可知，本段主要介紹的是，在遠距離的友誼中，紀念日和生日的分量是更重的。Anniversaries和birthdays對每一個人來說都是重要的日子，因此A項“記住重要的日期”最適合充當本段的小標題。故選A項。]40．F[根據空后的半句“butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain(但遠距離的友誼——即使是親密的友誼——可能需要更加有意識的努力來維持)”可知，空處內容與后面內容之間構成轉折關系。分析選項可知，F(xiàn)項“通過社交媒體產生一種聯(lián)系的感覺是容易的”與上下文語境相符且符合該段主題。故選F項。]第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43．Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2—4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth：51childrensaidthattheycouldn't52toher.Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue57that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply58mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.【語篇解讀】作者通過將2到4歲的幼兒帶入南加州大學的大腦發(fā)展實驗室并對他們進行相關測試，得出了一個不同于以往觀點的幼兒認知方面的新結論。41．A．following B．takingC．escaping D．directingC[考查動詞辨析。根據上文“Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.”可知，世界各地的幼兒都喜歡玩捉迷藏游戲，由此可以推斷此處表示的是，對于他們來說，避開別人的目光并讓自己無法被看到是非常令人興奮的事情。follow意為“跟著”；take意為“帶去；拿走”；escape意為“逃離；躲過，避開”；direct意為“指導”。故選C。]42．A．clever B．badC．scared D．quickB[考查形容詞辨析。根據下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands，leavingtherestoftheirbodies．”可知，學齡前的兒童應是不擅長隱藏，bebadatsth表示“不擅長某事”。clever意為“聰明的”；bad意為“糟糕的”；scared意為“害怕的”；quick意為“快速的”。故選B。]43．A．exposed B．examinedC．untouched D．imbalancedA[考查動詞和形容詞辨析。根據上句可知，兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛，所以此處表達的是，身體的其余部分無遮蔽，是暴露在外的。exposed意為“暴露的”；examine意為“仔細檢查”；untouched意為“不受影響的”；imbalanced意為“失衡的”。故選A。]44．A．supported B．guaranteedC．imagined D．interpretedD[考查動詞辨析。根據下文“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly‘egocentric’creatures.”可知，此處表示的是，這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是無可救藥的“以自我為中心的”生物的證據。support意為“支持”；guarantee意為“保證”；imagine意為“想象”；interpret意為“解釋；說明；領會”。故選D。]45．A．disappointing B．mixedC．surprising D．desiredC[考查形容詞辨析。根據空前的But及最后一段中的“...itisnotaresultofegocentrism.”可知，研究結果表示這并不是自我中心主義的結果，所以研究結果是令人驚訝的。disappointing意為“令人失望的”；mixed意為“混合的”；surprising意為“令人驚訝的”；desired意為“渴望的”。故選C。]46．A．explained B．confirmedC．contradicted D．testedC[考查動詞辨析。文章在最后一段中說“我們的調研結果表明，當一個孩子通過在頭上蓋一條毯子來‘隱藏’時，這并不是自我中心主義的結果”，即這項實驗的結果與先前的觀點相矛盾。explain意為“解釋”；confirm意為“證實”；contradict意為“相抵觸；相矛盾；相反”；test意為“測試”。故選C。]47．A．parent B．childC．researcher D．doctorB[考查名詞辨析。根據空前一句可知，是2到4歲的兒童參加實驗，所以此處表示的是，每個兒童和一個成年人坐在一起。parent意為“父親(或母親)”；child意為“兒童”；researcher意為“研究員”；doctor意為“醫(yī)生”。故選B。]48．A．feet B．noseC．hands D．earsD[考查名詞辨析。根據下文中的“Wethenaskedthechildifshecouldorheartheadult.”可知，此處表示的是，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛和耳朵。foot意為“腳”；nose意為“鼻子”；hand意為“手”；ear意為“耳朵”。且空處與下文的hear相呼應。故選D。]49．A．see B．helpC．reach D．foolA[考查動詞辨析。根據上文可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛和耳朵，所以此處是指，“我們”問孩子她是否能看到或聽到該成年人。see意為“看到”；help意為“幫助”；reach意為“(伸展手臂或腿)夠到”；fool意為“愚弄”。故選A。]50．A．event B．thingC．action D．accidentB[考查名詞辨析。根據下文“whentheadultcoveredherownmouth：childrensaidthattheycouldn'ttoher”可知，此處表示的是，當成年人捂住自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發(fā)生了。event意為“(尤指特殊、重大)事件”；thing意為“事情”；action意為“行動”；accident意為“事故；意外”。故選B。]51．A．Yet B．NowC．Soon D．OnceB[考查副詞辨析。根據上下文語境可知，此處表示當這個成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話了。yet意為“仍；還”；now意為“現(xiàn)在；此刻；這會兒”；soon意為“很快”；once意為“曾經”。故選B。]52．A．speak B．listenC．turn D．waveA[考查動詞辨析。參見上題解析。speak意為“說話”；listen意為“聽”；turn意為“轉身”；wave意為“揮(手)”。故選A。]53．A．instructions B．descriptionsC．experiments D．assumptionsC[考查名詞辨析。根據上文可知，此處是指許多實驗排除了孩子們誤解自己被問到的問題(的可能)。instruction意為“指導”；description意為“描述”；experiment意為“實驗”；assumption意為“假設”。故選C。]54．A．comprehended B．predictedC．explored D．ignoredA[考查動詞辨析。comprehend意為“理解”；predict意為“預測”；explore意為“探索”；ignore意為“忽略，忽視”。句意：我們的年幼的受試者理解了這些問題，并且確切地知道他們被問到了什么。故選A。]55．A．partly B．honestlyC．vaguely D．exactlyD[考查副詞辨析。partly意為“部分地”；honestly意為“誠實地”；vaguely意為“含糊地”；exactly意為“準確地；確切地”。根據下文“Theirtothequestionsreflectedtheirtruethat...”可知，“我們的”年幼的受試者確切地知道他們被問到了什么。故選D。]56．A．responses B．approachesC．contribution D．sensitivityA[考查名詞辨析。根據下文“tothequestions”可知，此處表示孩子們對問題的回答。response意為“回答”；approach意為“方法；接近”；contribution意為“貢獻”；sensitivity意為“敏感性；悟性”。故選A。]57．A．ability B．beliefC．identity D．purposeB[考查名詞辨析。根據空后的“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme，too”可知，此處表示孩子們真正的看法。ability意為“能力”；belief意為“看法；信念”；identity意為“身份”；purpose意為“目標；目的”。故選B。]58．A．holdback B．relatetoC．insiston D．makeupC[考查動詞短語辨析。根據上文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme，too”可知，孩子們的看法體現(xiàn)了他們只是堅持相互的認可和尊重。holdback意為“抑制；阻止”；relateto意為“涉及；與……相關”；insiston意為“堅持”；makeup意為“構成；編造”。故選C。]59．A．limitations B．requirementsC．theories D．findingsD[考查名詞辨析。根據上文“我們”讓2到4歲的孩子參加實驗可知，此處表示的是，我們的調研結果表明，當一個孩子通過在頭上蓋一條毯子來“隱藏”時，這并不是自我中心主義的結果。limitation意為“限制”；requirement意為“要求”；theory意為“理論”；finding(常用復數(shù))意為“調查發(fā)現(xiàn)；調研結果”。故選D。]60．A．tentative B．impressiveC．creative D．effectiveD[考查形容詞辨析。根據上文“Theysimplymutualrecognitionandregard.”可知，孩子們堅持相互的認可和尊重，所以當其他人使用這種方法時，孩子們認為這種方法是有效的。tentative意為“暫定的；不確定的”；impressive意為“給人印象深刻的；令人贊嘆的”；creative意為“有創(chuàng)造力的”；effective意為“有效的”。故選D。]第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially61.________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate62.________festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety63.________(address)theopeningceremony.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe64.________(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa65.________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha66.________(share)futureformankind，”hesaid.The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(發(fā)布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation67.________culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative.68．________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,69.________(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening70.________(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu'erTea.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了第一個國際茶日的相關情況。61．by[考查介詞。句意：今年5月21日是第一個國際茶日，該節(jié)日由聯(lián)合國于2019年11月27日正式命名。由句意可知，空后的“theUnitedNations”是前面“wasnamedofficially”這一動作的執(zhí)行者，故應填介詞by。]62．the[考查冠詞。空處特指第一個國際茶日，所以應填定冠詞the。]63．addressed[考查時態(tài)。分析句子成分可知，空處在句中作謂語。由文章內容可知，整篇文章描述的都是過去發(fā)生的事情，故該句應用一般過去時。故填addressed。]64．largest[考查形容詞的最高級。分析句子結構可知，“the”后接形容詞的最高級。句意：作為國際茶日的主要發(fā)起者、茶的發(fā)源地和最大的茶葉生產國，中國有責任與其他國家合作來推動茶產業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。故填largest。]65．responsibility[考查詞性轉換。分析句子成分可知，空處位于不定冠詞“a”后，應填名詞的單數(shù)形式，故填responsibility。havearesponsibilitytodo...為固定搭配，意為“有責任去做……”。]66．shared[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處需填非謂語動詞。所給動詞share與其邏輯主語“future”之間是動賓關系，故應用過去分詞作定語，修飾名詞“future”。故填shared。]67．and[考查連詞。根據語境可知，“internationalcooperation”和“culturalexchanges”為并列關系，所以應填并列連詞and。]68．To