2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試新課標(biāo)Ⅰ英語試題含答案

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷英語第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillJackprobablydothisweekend?A．Gocamping. B．Visitafriend.C．Watchafilm.2．Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A．Takecareofherbags.B．Packthefoodforher.C．Checkthetrainschedule.3．WhenwillthemanseeBob?A．ThisFriday.B．ThisSaturday.C．NextMonday.4．Whydoesthemanapologise?A．Fortheterriblefood.B．Fortheovercharge.C．Forthewaiter'srudeness.5．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Writingabook.B．Holdingacelebration.C．Buyingapresent.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．WhydoesSaramakethephonecall?A．Toaskforadvice.B．Toarrangeanouting.C．Tocancelanappointment.7．WhatdoesDavidwanttodo?A．Gotoadinnerparty.B．TalktoSarainperson.C．Workonthenewcase.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．WhereisJimnow?A．Inataxi. B．Onabus.C．Inhisoffice.9．Whatisthewoman'ssuggestion?A．Goingtothecitycentre.B．Takingashortcuthome.C．MeetingJiminthepark.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10．WhatdidClaradoattheweekend?A．Sheplantedvegetables.B．Shewenttoayardsale.C．Shevisitedhergrandpa.11．WhatdidMarkfindinsideoneofthebookshebought?A．Aplaneticket.B．Afamilyphoto.C．Apostcard.12．WheredoesMarklive?A．LosAngeles. B．Chicago.C．Philadelphia.13．WhatistherelationshipbetweenMarkandAshley?A．Brotherandsister.B．Husbandandwife.C．Fatheranddaughter.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whatisprobablythewoman?A．Ateacher. B．Ajournalist.C．Anathlete.15．WhatdoesVictorfinddifficultasamemberofthebasketballteam?A．Adaptinghimselftotheintensetraining.B．Dealingwiththepressurefromthecoach.C．Regainingtheskillslearnedinhighschool.16．WhatdoesVictorsayabouttheplayersontheteam?A．Theyareofthesameage.B．Theyaresimilarincharacter.C．Theyarefromdifferentcountries.17．HowdoesVictorfeelabouthisteamnow?A．It'sabouttobreakup.B．It'sthebestinIndiana.C．It'sgettingstronger.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．WhoisTomHodgkinson?A．Founderofamagazine.B．Publisherofanovel.C．Editorofanewspaper.19．WhatdoweknowaboutthecontentofTheIdler?A．It'sold-fashioned.B．It'swide-ranging.C．It'sstudent-targeted.20．Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A．Todoapromotion.B．Todiscussanissue.C．Tointroducealecturer.答案速查1－5CABBC6－10CBABC11－15ACABA16－20CCABAText1W：Jack,areyougoingcampingwithyourfriendsthisweekend?M：Itdepends.Ifit'ssunny,we'llgo.W：Theweathermansaysit'sgoingtorain.M：Inthatcase,we'llgotothecinemainstead.Text2W：Excuseme,couldyoumindmybagsforamoment?Iwanttobuysomefoodattheconveniencestore.M：Noproblem.Butbequick.Itwasannouncedthatmytrainwouldarrivein10minutes.Text3W：BobcameoutofhospitallastFriday.Haveyougotachancetovisithim?M：IplantoseehimthisSaturday.W：Aren'tyougoingtotheconferencethen?M：No.IthasbeenrescheduledfornextMonday.Text4M：Sorry,Miss.Wemadeaterriblemistakeaddingupthebill.Hereisthetendollarswehavetoreturntoyou.W：Oh,Ididn'tnoticethat.It'sOK.Don'tblamethewaiter.He'sbeenreallynice.Text5W：DoyouthinkweshouldgetSteveabookforthenewyear?M：Booksaregood.ButStevewouldn'ttakejustanybook.Hehashadthisparticularoneongeography.Text6M：⑥Hello,Sara.W：⑥Hello,David.Ican'tcomefordinnertonight.Sorry.M：Oh,whathappened?W：We'vegotanewcaseandthingsgetprettycrazyhereintheoffice.M：Well,thenI'llcometoyou.W：No,no,nottonight.LetmeseeifIcanarrangeanothernight.M：Sara,please.⑦Weneedtotalk.It'saboutmyjob.W：Thentellmeonthephone.M：No,⑦it'sbetterifwedoitinperson.Howabouttomorrownight?W：I'mnotsure.Youcangivemeacalltomorrowafternoon.M：OK.Text7W：⑧Jimwillcallonusthisafternoon.Doyouknowwhereheisnow?M：Er...wait.Letmesee.⑧Hehassenttwomessagessayingthathe'sdonewithhisworkattheofficeandgotataxiand...andhe'llarriveintwentyminutes.W：Wecan'tkeephimwaitingoutsideourhome.Wehavetohurry.M：Butittakesatleasthalfanhourtogettothecitycentrebybus.Lookatthetraffic.W：⑨Let'sgetoff.Wecansaveatleasttwentyminutesbywalkingthroughthepark.M：Areyousure?W：Yes.Ahundredpercent.Text8W：?Morning，Mark.M：⑩Morning,Clara.Howwasyourweekend?W：Great.⑩Iwenttomygrandpa's.Heinvitedustopickvegetablesonhisfarm.Mydaughterhadagreattimethere.Whataboutyou?M：Oh,Ihadatrulyincredibleexperience.IdroppedbyayardsaleonSaturdayandgotseveralbooks.W：Novels?M：Anovelandtwopoetrycollections.?AsIleafedthroughthenovel,apieceofpaperfellout.Itwasanairticketfrom2012.TheflightwasfromLosAngelestoChicagoandthenameontheticketwasAshleyLouis.W：Wasit?M：Yes.?Ashley，mysister.In2012,shelivedinLosAngelesandherhusbandworkedinChicago.Bothofthemoftenflewbetweentwocities.Iaskedthesellerwherehegotthebook.?Hesaiditwasboughtatasecond-handbookstoreinLosAngelesthreeyearsago.Lastyear,heandhisfamilymovedfromLosAngelestoPhiladelphia.W：So,allthewayacrossthecountry,yoursister'soldbooklandedinyourhands.That'sreallycrazy.Text9W：?Victor,you'vebeenhereinIndianaforsixweeksnow.Howareyoufeeling?M：IthinkI'vegotusedtocollegelife,goingtoclasses,workingoutandhangingoutwithmyfriends.Thoughthere'spressuretomeetdeadlines，lifehereisneverboring.W：?What'sbeenhardaboutbeinganIndiananbasketballplayer?M：Well，?thetrainingisverycompetitive,weightliftingandrunningeveryday.It'snotlikehighschool.Inhighschool,Ireallydidn'thavetodothat.I'mjusttryingtogetusedtoit.AndIthinkIam.W：Atthispoint,howdoyouseeyourselffittingintothisgroup?M：?Ithinkwe'realldifferent.GeorgeisfromBritain.ChrisandLeoarefromAustralia.I'mfromFrance.AndtherestareAmericans.ButIgetalongwitheverybody.Youknow，?wearereallystartingtobond.It'sgreattoseehowwegroweachdayasateam.W：?Thanks,Victor.IwishyouaveryhappyandfruitfulstayinIndiana.Text10W：Goodevening,dearlisteners.Whenwasthelasttimeyouenjoyedleisureactivities?Doyouwanttoliveafullandhappylife?Today,?I'mgoingtointroducetoyouamagazinethatfeaturestheartofliving.TheIdlerwaslaunchedbyTomHodgkinson,backin1993.Withtheintentionofprovidingabitoffun,freedomandachievementinthebusyworld,itisnowpublishedbimonthly.?Ineveryissue,youwillfindaninterestingmixofinterviewsandessaysonthegoodlife,history，philosophy,artsandfashionphotography.Youwillfindmuchtolaughatandmuchusefulstuffaswell,fromrecipesformakingbacontoguidestohousekeeping.?Ifyoueverfeltthatthereismoretolifethanboringjobs，thenwhynotsubscribetoit?TheIdlerisacheeringreadthatmakesyoufeelbetteraboutlife.Youcandownloadtheapplicationandsubscribetodaytogetyourfirstissuefree.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2，500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車)，bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren'sbikes.PricesHandBrake，ThreeGearsFootBrake，NoGears1hour7.505.003hours11.007.501day(24hours)14.759.75Eachadditionalday8.006.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1：00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述了MacBike公司的自行車租賃和有導(dǎo)游的觀光。21．WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A．Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B．Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C．Itorganizesfreecycletours.D．Ithasover2，500rentalshops.B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句“Weofferthenewestbicycles...withchildseats，andchildren'sbikes.”可知，MacBike公司的一個優(yōu)勢是能提供各種各樣的自行車，包括帶腳剎的最基本的自行車、帶手剎和排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車以及兒童自行車。故B項正確。]22．Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A．15.75. B．19.50.C．22.75. D．29.50.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prices部分所列表格的內(nèi)容可知，帶手剎的三擋自行車的日租金為14.75歐元，每多一天收8歐元，故租兩天為22.75歐元。]23．Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A．TheGooyerWindmill.B．TheSkinnyBridge.C．HeinekenBrewery.D．DamSquare.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段倒數(shù)第二句“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour，startingat1：00pmeveryday.”可知，有導(dǎo)游的城市觀光每天下午一點開始，每小時整點從DamSquare出發(fā)。故D項正確。]BWhenJohnToddwasachild，helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse，observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture，medicine，andfisheriesincollege，Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals？Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants，hefigured，maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥)．First，heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle，thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks，Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit！Withinweeks，ithadallbeendigested，andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。JohnTodd從小就喜歡觀察大自然，并被自然的自凈能力折服。大學(xué)時期經(jīng)過專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)之后，John通過實驗找到了合適的生態(tài)組合，發(fā)明了“生態(tài)設(shè)計”，并解決了很多實際的污水凈化問題。24．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftravelling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“observinghownaturesolvedproblems”、“Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.”和第二段中的“Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions”以及第二段中John提的兩個問題可以看出，John是一個喜歡刨根問底、喜歡探索的人，故C項正確。longtodosth.“渴望做某事”。]25．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A．Tofeedtheanimals.B．Tobuildanecosystem.C．Toprotecttheplants.D．Totesttheeco-machine.D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge...placedtheminthetanks”可知，John修建水箱是為了清理污泥中的有害物質(zhì)，為此，他在水箱里放了一些動植物。第四段中的“allthatwasleftwaspurewater”表明了將污泥放入水箱之后的變化。據(jù)此可以推斷，John在水箱里放入污泥是為了檢驗他的生態(tài)機器的效果，故D項正確。]26．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.C．TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.B[推理判斷題。上文講到了John的發(fā)明成功了，根據(jù)第五段的中心句“Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.”可知，多年來，John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到凈化福州的運河水是為了舉例說明John的發(fā)明及其理念在實踐中的應(yīng)用，故B項正確。]27．WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.A[推理判斷題。本文主要圍繞John的疑問“Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived...ifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.”展開，即一條骯臟的溪流在穿過植物和流過微生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得清澈，這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的臟亂呢？正是在這個疑問的指引下，John發(fā)明了“生態(tài)設(shè)計”，因此，John發(fā)明的根源就在于自然的自我修復(fù)能力，且最后一段中的“Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”也印證了John的工作依據(jù)就在于“自我修復(fù)”這一理念，故A項正確。]CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter．Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso，I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1，600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llheartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters，Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices，whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章向讀者介紹了一本書，該書解釋了何為數(shù)字極簡主義并提供了實現(xiàn)極簡主義生活方式的方法。28．Whatisthebookaimedat?A．Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B．Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C．Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D．Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism”、第二段中的“digitallives”和最后一段中的“asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle”可知，本書旨在倡導(dǎo)一種簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B項。]29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A．Clear-up. B．Add-on.C．Check-in. D．Take-over.A[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“stepawayfrom”可知，畫線詞表示“清除，清理”，A項含義與畫線詞含義相近。]30．Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A．Theoreticalmodels.B．Statisticalmethods.C．Practicalexamples.D．Historicalanalyses.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.”和“You'llheartheseparticipants'stories”可知，第一部分的最后一章提供了真實的例子。]31．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A．Usethemasneeded.B．Recommendthemtofriends.C．Evaluatetheireffects.D．Identifytheideasbehindthem.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.”可知，作者建議讀者把這些方法當(dāng)成幫助自己實現(xiàn)極簡主義生活方式的工具，即在需要的時候使用這些方法。故選A項。]DOnMarch7，1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents，theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime，butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。作者從幾個角度探討了群體智慧，指出群體討論的結(jié)果比個人思考的結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確。32．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation.B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.B[段落大意題。通讀第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)的底層邏輯。故選B項。]33．Navajas'studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif．A．thecrowdswererelativelysmallB．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicateD．estimateswerenotfullyindependentD[推理判斷題。結(jié)合第二段中的“Inmoretechnicalterms，thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.”和第三段中的“whencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion...independentindividuals”可知，Navajas的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使團(tuán)隊成員的估計不是完全獨立的，平均正確度依舊會提升。故選D項。]34．Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups.B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess.D．Theindividualestimates.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段說在隨后對100名大學(xué)生的研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，團(tuán)隊討論中起決定作用的是隊員們能集體辯論(sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether)，因此選C。]35．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsNavajas'studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful. D．Approving.D[觀點態(tài)度題。作者在最后一段說，雖然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是從他的研究看，團(tuán)隊討論和做決定的潛在影響是巨大的，由此判斷作者對Navajas的研究持支持態(tài)度。]第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯)ishuman.36Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”37Areyoucaring？Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound？Theydon'thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou'reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.38Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.39Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis—it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It'ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it'strue.40We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A．Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B．Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C．Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D．It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E．Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat'shappenedorforgetit.F．Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G．Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了自我原諒的一些具體方法。自我原諒的具體方法包括羅列個人優(yōu)點、列舉自己幫助別人的事跡和讓別人幫你指出優(yōu)點等。36．D[考查邏輯關(guān)系。本文的主題是自我原諒，空前兩句和空后一句都沒有提到forgiveness，再結(jié)合空后的“helpyoudothis”和下文的內(nèi)容可知，空處一定會提到forgiveness及它的重要性。故選D項。]37．B[考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空前的“Personalstrengths”和空后的例子可知，B項“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(現(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的關(guān)于你自己的特點)．”承上啟下，符合邏輯。]38．F[考查段尾總結(jié)句?？涨爸v述了列出你為別人做過的所有積極的事情，F(xiàn)項“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么事，不管它看起來可能有多小，把它寫下來)．”總結(jié)上文，符合邏輯。]39．C[考查邏輯關(guān)系?？涨爸v述了你可以讓朋友或家人幫你往列表里添加?xùn)|西，C項“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他們甚至可能愿意嘗試這樣做)．”承接上文。C項中的“They”指代前面的“afriendorfamilymember”。]40．G[考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知，我們都在改變并一直在學(xué)習(xí)。G項中的“itisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后的“We'reallchanging”形成對比。]第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave41thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her42camebecauseshewascarryinga43acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher44whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She45tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith46.Shecouldn't.Baileythen47toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget48attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas49andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme50tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey'shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore51aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig52．“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn't53her，”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe54，they'vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe55ofhumankindnesswontheday.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章以Bailey在比賽中為了幫助受傷的競爭對手而延誤到達(dá)終點的故事，告訴我們在生活中人性的善良以及人與人之間的互幫互助的重要性。41．A．designed B．followedC．changed D．finishedD[根據(jù)上文提到的成百上千的選手在越野賽中競爭可知，Bailey參加了比賽；根據(jù)下文的“earlierthanshedid”和“acrossthefinishline”可知，此處指Bailey本應(yīng)該要早一點完成(finished)比賽的。shouldhavefinished...意思是“本應(yīng)該完成……”。design“設(shè)計”；follow“跟隨”；change“改變”。故答案為D項。]42．A．delay B．chanceC．trouble D．excuseA[根據(jù)“becauseshewascarryingaacrossthefinishline”以及下文的描述可知，Bailey因為幫助競爭對手而耽擱(delay)了。chance“機會”；trouble“困難”；excuse“借口”。故答案為A項。]43．A．judge B．volunteerC．classmate D．competitorD[根據(jù)第二段的“whenarunner...DanielleLenoue”和“BaileythentoletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline”可知，Bailey背著她的競爭對手(competitor)通過了終點線。judge“裁判員，法官”；volunteer“志愿者”；classmate“同學(xué)”。故答案為D項。]44．A．race B．schoolC．town D．trainingA[根據(jù)上文的“morethantwo-thirdsoftheway”以及下文的“arunnerinfrontofher”可知，此處指她的比賽(race)。故答案為A項。]45．A．a(chǎn)greed B．returnedC．stopped D．promisedC[根據(jù)下文的“tohelpherfellowrunner”可知，此處指Bailey停下來(stopped)去幫助她的競爭對手。agree“同意”；return“返回”；promise“答應(yīng)”。故答案為C項。]46．A．courage B．a(chǎn)idC．patience D．a(chǎn)dviceB[根據(jù)上文的“Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforward”可知，此處指Bailey抓著Lenoue的胳膊想看看在她的幫助(aid)下Lenoue是不是可以向前走。courage“勇氣”；patience“耐心”；advice“建議”。故答案為B項。]47．A．wentaway B．stoodupC．steppedaside D．bentdownD[根據(jù)下文的“l(fā)etLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline”可知，此處是指Bailey彎腰(bentdown)讓Lenoue爬到她的背上。goaway“離開”；standup“起立”；stepaside“站到一邊，下臺，讓位”。故答案為D項。]48．A．medical B．publicC．constant D．equalA[根據(jù)下文的“Oncethere，Lenouewasandlatertakentoahospital”以及“thataidcheckpoint”可知，Bailey把Lenoue背到一個她可以得到醫(yī)療處理(medicalattention)的地方。public“公眾的”；constant“不斷的”；equal“平等的”。故答案為A項。]49．A．interrupted B．a(chǎn)ssessedC．identified D．a(chǎn)ppreciatedB[根據(jù)下文的“thataidcheckpoint”可知，這個地方是進(jìn)行醫(yī)療處理的地方，同時根據(jù)“l(fā)atertakentoahospital”可知，Lenoue在這里先接受評估(assessed)，然后被送往醫(yī)院。interrupt“打斷”；identify“識別”；appreciate“感激”。]50．A．hunger B．painC．cold D．tirednessB[根據(jù)上文的“cryinginpain”和“shehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees”可知，如果沒有Bailey的幫助，Lenoue會在極度疼痛(pain)中掙扎著到達(dá)那個醫(yī)療檢查點。hunger“饑餓”；cold“寒冷”；tiredness“疲勞”。故答案為B項。]51．A．worried B．a(chǎn)shamedC．confused D．discouragedC[根據(jù)下文的“whyheractisconsideredabig”和“Ifeel...therightthing.”可知，Bailey是很疑惑的(confused)。worried“擔(dān)心的”；ashamed“羞愧的”；discouraged“泄氣的”。故答案為C項。]52．A．game B．problemC．lesson D．dealD[根據(jù)下文Bailey對記者說的話可以看出，Bailey對其他人認(rèn)為她的行為是一件重要的大事(abigdeal)很不理解。故答案為D項。]53．A．leave B．cureC．bother D．understandA[根據(jù)上文的“tohelpherfellowrunner”以及“Shewasjustcrying.”可知，這里是指Bailey不能丟下(leave)她。cure“治愈”；bother“打擾”；underseand“理解”。]54．A．ride B．testC．meet D．showC[根據(jù)上文可知，她們兩個在這個比賽(meet)之前是不認(rèn)識的。ride“騎行”；test“測試”；show“演出”。故答案為C項。]55．A．secret B．displayC．benefit D．exchangeB[根據(jù)全文的描述可知，這里指的是人性善良的展示(display)贏得了最終勝利。secret“秘密”；benefit“益處”；exchange“交換”。故答案為B項。]第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings)，thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot，56.________(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether57.________(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthesteamandriskingaspill(溢出),58.________toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue(舌頭)．Shanghaimaybethe59.________(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplin