2018屆高考英語知識點提能檢測9

選修八Unit4高考提能練閱讀理解·組塊專練——練速度(限時：35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2016·甘肅省高三第一次診斷)WhenShakespearewastwenty-one,hewenttoLondon,averyinterestingplace,totryhisfortune.TherewerethefamousLondonBridgeandSt.Paul’sCathedral,andpalacesandmarketsandlongstreetsfullofshops.Then,too,therewerethedailycrowdswherecouldbeseenpeoplefromallovertheworld.Knights,scholarsandhighwaymen(攔路強盜)orthieveswhohadbeeninfamousfortheircleverrobberies,passedbyeachother.Here,also,werenoblemendressedingold,fromItaly,SpainandFrance;slavesfromSpanishAmerica,seacaptainsandministers,soldiersandservants—allheldbychancesorinterestswithinthegraywallswhichcircledLondon,andwhosegatesgavewelcometoasstrangeacrowdascouldbefoundintheworld.IntothiscuriouscrowdcameShakespeare,quicktoseeandeagertolearn.Andbeforelongallthesestrangesightswereasfamiliartohimasthefacesofhisowntown’sresidents.Eachonetolditsstorytohimsoplainlythat,asbeforehehadlearnedthesecretsofthefieldsandwoods,sonowhelearnedmenandmen’sintereststhatmakeupthegreatworld.Andhelearnedtheselessonssowellthatwhenhecametowritehisplays,hemadesuchuseofthemasnowriterevermadebeforeorsince;foritistheuseofthisknowledgeoftheworld,combinedwithhisowngenius,thatmakesShakespearethegreatestdramatistthathaseverlived.語篇解讀：本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦后的經(jīng)歷，他很快適應(yīng)了那里的生活，并把自己所觀察到的事情融入自己的創(chuàng)作中。1．WhatwasLondonlikeinShakespeare’seyeswhenhefirstwentthere?A．Dirtyandsmall. B．Strangeandinteresting.C．Infamousandterrible. D．Familiarandmodern.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“averyinterestingplace”和第五段中的“allthesestrangesights”可知，在Shakespeare的眼中，倫敦是一個有趣而陌生的城市，即B項正確。2．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesShakespeare?A．Shakespearegotinspirationtowritefromhishometown,London.B．ShakespearewaseagertomakefriendswiththenoblemeninLondon.C．Shakespearewasgoodatobservingandlearningfromthedailylife.D．Shakespearebecamethegreatestdramatistowingtohisowngenius.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，Shakespeare來到倫敦不久之后，通過觀察和學(xué)習(xí)了解了倫敦，并適應(yīng)了那里的生活，由此可推斷出，Shakespeare擅長觀察日常生活并從中學(xué)習(xí)，故C項正確。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph5referto?A．Crowd. B．Sight.C．Face. D．Resident.解析：選B代詞指代題。畫線詞后的“asbeforehehadlearnedthesecretsofthefieldsandwoods”的意思為“正如他以前所學(xué)到的田野和樹林的秘密那樣”，根據(jù)這句話可知，one指的是像田野和樹林一樣的景象，故B項正確。4．Thepassageprobablycomesfrom________.A．a(chǎn)poster B．a(chǎn)textbookC．a(chǎn)nadvertisement D．a(chǎn)nannouncement解析：選B推理判斷題。本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦的經(jīng)歷，所以這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在一本教材中，故B項正確。B(2016·昆明市第一中學(xué)高三第二次雙基檢測)BigcitiesandsmallhistorictownstopthelistofmostpopularplacestovisitintheUnitedStates,accordingtothevotesofthetravelsite,TripAdvisor.HereisalookatTripAdvisor’sTop5mostpopulartraveldestinationsinAmerica!1．NewYorkCityMorethan50millionpeoplevisitNewYorkCityeveryyear.Thefiveboroughs—ordistrictsofNewYorkhavesomeofthemosteasilyrecognizedattractionsintheworld.VisitorsonabudgetcantakeafreeboatfromManhattantoStatenIslandforagreatviewoftheStatueofLibertyandtheManhattanskyline.2．Chicago,IllinoiseAmarica’sthird-largestcityoffersworld-classmuseums,sportingeventsandiconicarchitecture—includingWillisTower,America’stallestbuilding.TheMidwestcityisalsoknownforcomedy.TheSecond3．Charleston,Thecoastalcityhasaveryrichhistory.TheCivilWarbeganatitswaterfront,atFortSumter,whichvisitorscanexplore.Butpresent-day4．LasVegasThedesertcityofLasVegasisknownaroundtheworldforitscasinosandbrightlights.Visitorsstayatworld-classhotels,eatattopchefs’restaurants,andusuallyseeawonderfulshoworconcert.5．SeattleVisitorstotheWestCoastcityofSeattlewillfindiconicSpaceNeedle,theworld’sfirstStarbucks,andPikePlaceMarket,oneoftheoldestandmostfamousfarmersmarketsinthecountry.TheSpaceNeedlewasbuiltin1962fortheWorld’sFair.Ridinguptothetopprovidesviewsofthenearbymountains.語篇解讀：本文為社會生活類文章，主要介紹了由TripAdvisor根據(jù)票選排出了美國最受歡迎的五個城鎮(zhèn)。5．Thistoplistisfromthevotesof________.A．theInternet B．phonecallsC．tourists’interviews D．textmessages解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話中的“accordingtothevotesofthetravelsite,TripAdvisor”可知排名是來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的票選結(jié)果。故選A項。6．Theunderlinedword“boroughs”inParagraph2means________.A．states B．islandsC．a(chǎn)ttractions D．a(chǎn)reas解析：選D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該詞所在句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知boroughs與district同義，意為“地區(qū)，區(qū)域”。故選D項。7．WhichcitytopsthefirstaccordingtoCondeNastTraveler’svotes?A．Seattle B．NewYorkCityC．Charleston D．Chicago解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的CondeTravelervoteditthenumberoneU.S.City可知選C。8．WhatdoweknowabouttheSpaceNeedle?A．ItislocatedinSouthCarolina.B．Ithasahistoryofabout50years.C．ItisthebiggestStarbucksintheworld.D．Ithassomeargiriculturalproductsonsale.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段對Seattle的介紹可知，SpaceNeedle位于Washington，故排除A；是第一家Starbucks而沒有說是最大的，故排除C；D選項應(yīng)是對PikePlaceMarket的介紹，故應(yīng)排除；建于1962年，距現(xiàn)在50年左右，故B項正確。C(2016·石家莊市教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Pilates,yogaandtherunningmachinegetalltheattentionwhenitcomestopopularwaystostayhealthy.Thereis,however,amorehumbleexercisethatmightnotbesoattractive,buthasallthebenefits—walking.CertifiedfitnessprofessionalJolynnJaekelexplains,“WhatIloveaboutwalkingisthatanyonecandoitatanyageandanyfitnesslevel.Plus,itisgoodforyourheart,yourheadandyourwallet.”Arecentreportdetailsthehealthbenefitsofwalking.Thereportfoundthatwalkingregularlytofulfillthe150minutesofmoderatephysicalexerciseeveryweek,recommendedbytheUK’schiefmedicalofficer,couldsave37,000liveseachyear.ScientistsattheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryinCaliforniafoundthatquickwalkingreducestheriskofheartdiseasemoreeffectivelythanrunning.Theyobservedparticipantsagedbetween18and80overasix-yearperiodandfoundthatwalkingreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseby9.3%,whilerunningreduceditby4.5%.Andthereisevenmoregoodnews:30minutesofquickwalkingoverfivedayscouldhelpyousleepeasily,accordingtoresearchbyOregonThesooneryougetstarted,thesooneryou’llnoticethedifferencesinyourmindandbody.So,gooutforyour30-minutewalkinanearbyparkorgreenspace.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了健康生活方式中的最簡單有效的方式——步行。9．Theunderlinedword“humble”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．plain B．relaxingC．popular D．a(chǎn)ctive解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段可知，當(dāng)提到保持健康的方式時首先可以想到普拉提、瑜伽和跑步機。然而，有一種不太引人注目的簡單運動卻讓人受益匪淺，那就是步行。由此可推知，畫線詞和“plain”意義相近。故A項正確。10．WhatdoesJolynnJaekelthinkofwalking?A．It’slovedbypeopleofallages.B．It’smuchhealthierthanrunning.C．It’samoney-savingphysicalexercise.D．It’sbecomingmoreandmorepopular.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“WhatIloveaboutwalking...yourheadandyourwallet.”可知，步行對人的心臟和大腦都有好處并且可以省錢。故C項正確。11．WhatdidscientistsattheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryfind?A．Walkinghelpspeoplewithsleepproblems.B．Walkingcontributestocuringheartdisease.C．Walking150minutesperweekcansavelives.D．Walkingisbetterthanrunninginsomecases.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“foundthatquickwalkingreducestheriskofheartdiseasemoreeffectivelythanrunning”以及下文將步行和跑步從幾個方面進(jìn)行的對比來看，前者優(yōu)于后者。故D項正確。12．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthistext?A．Comment. B．Lifestyle.C．Education. D．Science.解析：選B推理判斷題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了健康生活方式中的最簡單有效的方式——步行。由此可推知，可從報紙上介紹生活方式的版塊讀到該文章。故B項正確。D(2016·包頭市高三統(tǒng)一考試)Smartphonesarereallyaddictiveandthemoreyouuseone,theworseitgets,anewstudyhasrevealed.Psychologylecturer,DrZaheerHussain,whoconductedtheresearch,foundthatthemoreyouuseasmartphone,thehigheryourriskofbecomingaddicted.Heexplainedthathigherscoresofnarcissism—definedasexcessive(過度的)interestoradmirationofoneselfandone’sphysicalappearance—arethemostcommonandobvioussignoftheaddiction.Anobsession(癡迷)withtakingselfiesandpostingthemonsocialmediaisonekeyindication.Thestudyfoundthat13percentof256participantswereaddicts.Theaverageageofthosewhotookpartintheonlinesurveywas29.Asaresult,theresearcherssaytheybelieveitshouldbemadecompulsorythatanyonesellingsmartphonesshouldwarncustomersoftheirpotentiallyaddictiveproperties.DrHussainsaid,“Thestudyinformsusaboutsmartphoneoveruseandtheimpactonpsychologicalwell-being.Wenowusesmartphonesonadailybasisandforvarioustasks,sobeingawareofthepsychologicaleffectsisveryimportant.TherearevarioussmartphoneappssuchasFacebook,Twitter,InstagramandCandyCrush,aswellasSkypethatmakesmartphoneusepsychologicallymoreattractiveandcanleadtoaddiction.”Thestudyalsorevealedtheaverageuserspent3.6hoursperdayonthedevice,andwhentheparticipantswereaskediftheyusedtheirphoneinbannedareas,35percentansweredyes.Socialnetworkingsiteswerethemostpopularlyusedapps—87percent,followedbyinstantmessagingapps—52percent,andthennewsapps—51percent.Relationshipswerealsonotedintheresearchas,despite46.8percentofparticipantsspeakingpositivelyofimprovedsocialrelations,nearlyaquarteradmittedtheirsmartphonescreatecommunicationissueswithin“reallife”．ProfessorJamesElander,HeadoftheCentreforPsychologicalResearchattheUniversityofDerby,said,“Thisstudyisaverytimelyonewithmanypotentialimpacts,andthefindingsshowthatusersshouldbemoreawareofhowtheyareusingtheirsmartphonesandofthepotentialrisksofexcessiveuse.”語篇解讀：一項最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：智能手機會使人上癮，而且使用者的使用量越大，上癮的風(fēng)險就越高。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“narcissism”inthesecondparagraphmean?A．Self-esteem. B．Self-love.C．Self-respect. D．Self-trust.解析：選B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“...definedasexcessive(過度的)interestoradmirationofoneselfandone’sphysicalappearance...”可知，對它下的定義是：對自我或個人外表的過度愛慕，所以B項“自戀”符合語境。14．What’stheattitudeofProfessorJamesElandertowardstheresearchaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Positive. B．Negative.C．Neutral. D．Ambiguous.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中JamesElander教授說的話“Thisstudyisaverytimelyonewithmanypotentialimpacts...”中的timely“及時的”的提示可推知，他對于這項研究持積極的態(tài)度。15．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Peopleareeasytobeaddictedtosmartphonesandcan’tliveanormallife.B．Smartphonemanufacturersshouldberesponsibleforthesmartphoneaddiction.C．Thesmartphoneaddictionhasbecomearealityandpeopleshouldtakeitseriously.D．Smartphonesshouldn’tbeusedtodownloadandusesmartphoneapps.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中列舉的研究中的數(shù)字尤其是倒數(shù)第二段中的“...nearlyaquarteradmittedtheirsmartphonescreatecommunicationissueswithin’reallife’．”可知，手機上癮已成為社會生活中的一個現(xiàn)實；再結(jié)合第五段中的“...itshouldbemadecompulsorythatanyonesellingsmartphonesshouldwarncustomers...”和最后一段中的“...shouldbemoreawareofhowtheyareusingtheirsmartphonesandofthepotentialrisksofexcessiveuse.”可知，人們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對待手機上癮這件事。故選C項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2016·山西四校聯(lián)考三)Doyouhaveaspareroominyourhouse?Doyouliketoshareyourdrivewayinfrontofyourgaragewithothers?__1__Manypeoplearebenefitingfromthisnewbusinessofrenting.Perhapsthebest-knownexampleofacompanyinthisfieldisAirbnb—anAmericanwebbusinesswhichallowsyoutorentoutyourspareroomtoholidaymakers.Itsaysit