工程管理專業(yè)英語33省公開課金獎(jiǎng)全國賽課一等獎(jiǎng)微課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1.Theselectionoftheappropriatetypeandsizeofconstructionequipmentoftenaffectstherequiredamountoftimeandeffortandthusthejob-siteproductivityofaproject.選擇適當(dāng)施工設(shè)備類型和大小，經(jīng)常影響一個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要時(shí)間多少和付出，以及所以而造成現(xiàn)場生產(chǎn)率。2.Itisthereforeimportantforsitemanagersandconstructionplannerstobefamiliarwiththecharacteristicsofthemajortypesofequipmentmostcommonlyusedinconstruction.所以，現(xiàn)場經(jīng)理和施工計(jì)劃者熟悉在施工中最慣用主要設(shè)備類型特征是主要。3.3ConstructionEquipment

施工設(shè)備11/18ExcavationandLoading開挖和裝載3.Onefamilyofconstructionmachinesusedforexcavationisbroadlyclassifiedasacrane-shovelasindicatedbythevarietyofmachinesinFigure3-3.用于開挖施工機(jī)械家族主要類型是起重式挖掘機(jī)，如圖3-3所表示各種機(jī)器。4.Thecrane-shovelconsistsofthreemajorcomponents:起重式挖掘機(jī)由三個(gè)主要部分組成：22/185.acarrierormountingwhichprovidesmobilityandstabilityforthemachine.保持機(jī)器移動(dòng)性和穩(wěn)定性運(yùn)載工具或底盤。6.arevolvingdeckorturntablewhichcontainsthepowerandcontrolunits.包含動(dòng)力和控制單元可旋轉(zhuǎn)艙面或轉(zhuǎn)盤。7.afrontendattachmentwhichservesthespecialfunctionsinanoperation.在操作中提供特殊功效服務(wù)前置附加裝置。

33/188.ThetypeofmountingforallmachinesinFigure3-3isreferredtoascrawlermounting,whichisparticularlysuitableforcrawlingoverrelativelyruggedsurfacesatajobsite.圖3-3中所表示機(jī)器底盤形態(tài)都是履帶式底盤，尤其適合用于在地面比較崎嶇施工現(xiàn)場爬行。9.Othertypesofmountingincludetruckmountingandwheelmountingwhichprovidegreatermobilitybetweenjobsites,butrequirebettersurfacesfortheiroperation.其它底座類型包含卡車式底盤和輪子式底盤，在施工現(xiàn)場含有更大移動(dòng)性，不過它們運(yùn)行需要比很好路面情況。44/1810.Therevolvingdeckincludesacabtohousethepersonoperatingthemountingand/ortherevolvingdeck.轉(zhuǎn)盤包含一個(gè)容納人操作底盤和/或轉(zhuǎn)盤駕駛室。11.ThetypesoffrontendattachmentsinFigure3-3mightincludeacranewithhook,claimshell,dragline,backhoe,shovelandpiledriver.圖3-3中前置附加裝置大致包含：帶吊鉤起重機(jī)、蛤殼、索斗鏟、反鏟挖土機(jī)、鏟子和打樁機(jī)。55/186帶吊鉤起重機(jī)蛤殼/抓鏟索斗鏟/拉鏟反鏟挖土機(jī)鏟子/正鏟打樁機(jī)6/1812.Atractorconsistsofacrawlermountingandanon-revolvingcab.拖拉機(jī)包含一個(gè)履帶式底盤和一個(gè)不可轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)駕駛艙組成。13.Whenanearthmovingbladeisattachedtothefrontendofatractor,theassemblyiscalledabulldozer.當(dāng)把推土板安裝到拖拉機(jī)前段時(shí)，這么裝置就叫做推土機(jī)。14.Whenabucketisattachedtoitsfrontend,theassemblyisknownasaloaderorbucketloader.把鏟斗連接在它前段，這么裝置就成了裝卸機(jī)或者叫鏟斗式裝卸機(jī)。15.Therearedifferenttypesofloadersdesignedtohandlemostefficientlymaterialsofdifferentweightsandmoisturecontents.（當(dāng)前）已經(jīng)有不一樣種類裝卸機(jī)被設(shè)計(jì)出來用以有效地處理不一樣重量和水分含量材料。77/1816.Scrapersaremultiple-unitsoftractor-truckandblade-bucketassemblieswithvariouscombinationstofacilitatetheloadingandhaulingofearthwork.鏟運(yùn)機(jī)由拖拉機(jī)式卡車和刮板式鏟斗多個(gè)部分裝備結(jié)合而成，易于完成土方工作裝卸和拖運(yùn)。17.Majortypesofscrapersincludesingleenginetwo-axleorthreeaxlescrapers,twin-engineall-wheel-drivescrapers,elevatingscrapers,andpush-pullscrapers.鏟運(yùn)機(jī)主要型號(hào)包含單引擎雙軸或三軸鏟運(yùn)機(jī)、雙引擎全驅(qū)動(dòng)輪鏟運(yùn)機(jī)、升運(yùn)式鏟運(yùn)機(jī)、推拉式鏟運(yùn)機(jī)。18.Eachtypehasdifferentcharacteristicsofrollingresistance,maneuverabilitystability,andspeedinoperation.每一個(gè)型號(hào)運(yùn)行時(shí)滾動(dòng)阻力、機(jī)動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性以及速度方面各具特色。88/18CompactionandGrading壓實(shí)和平整場地19.Thefunctionofcompactionequipmentistoproducehigherdensityinsoilmechanically.壓實(shí)設(shè)備作用就是經(jīng)過機(jī)械使土產(chǎn)生跟高密度。20.Thebasicforcesusedincompactionarestaticweight,kneading,impactandvibration.在壓實(shí)過程中使用基本力是靜重力、捏協(xié)力、沖擊力和震動(dòng)力。21.Thedegreeofcompactionthatmaybeachieveddependsonthepropertiesofsoil,itsmoisturecontent,thethicknessofthesoillayerforcompactionandthemethodofcompaction.可能到達(dá)壓實(shí)度取決于土質(zhì)、土含水量、所壓實(shí)土層厚度以及壓實(shí)方法。99/1822.Thefunctionofgradingequipmentistobringtheearthworktothedesiredshapeandelevation.平整設(shè)備用途就是使土方到達(dá)預(yù)期形狀和標(biāo)高。23.Majortypesofgradingequipmentincludemotorgradersandgradetrimmers.平整場地設(shè)備主要形式包含發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)式平整機(jī)和平整修整機(jī)。24.Theformerisanall-purposemachineforgradingandsurfacefinishing,whilethelatterisusedforheavyconstructionbecauseofitshigheroperatingspeed.前者是一個(gè)多用途機(jī)器能夠進(jìn)行平整和表面處理，后者因其含有較高運(yùn)行速度普通用于大型工程。1010/18DrillingandBlasting鉆孔和爆破25.Rockexcavationisanaudacioustaskrequiringspecialequipmentandmethods.巖石開挖是一項(xiàng)艱難工作，需要特殊設(shè)備和方法。26.Thedegreeofdifficultydependsonphysicalcharacteristicsoftherocktypetobeexcavated,suchasgrainsize,planesofweakness,weathering,brittlenessandhardness.這項(xiàng)工作難以程度依賴于要開挖巖石類型物理性質(zhì)。比如粒徑大小、軟弱位面、風(fēng)化度、脆度和硬度。27.Thetaskofrockexcavationincludesloosening,loading,haulingandcompacting.巖石開挖任務(wù)包含渙散、裝載、拉動(dòng)和壓實(shí)。28.Thelooseningoperationisspecializedforrockexcavationandisperformedbydrilling,blastingorripping.渙散操作只是針對(duì)巖石開挖，經(jīng)過鉆孔、爆破或者（人工）劈鑿實(shí)現(xiàn)。1111/1829.Majortypesofdrillingequipmentarepercussiondrills,rotarydrills,androtary-percussiondrills.鉆孔設(shè)備主要類型包含沖擊鉆、旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆和旋轉(zhuǎn)沖擊鉆。30.Apercussiondrillpenetratesandcutsrockbyimpactwhileitrotateswithoutcuttingontheupstroke.沖擊鉆工作原理是在其旋轉(zhuǎn)式依靠沖擊力刺入和切削巖石，在它向上挑時(shí)候并不切削巖石。31.Commontypesofpercussiondrillsincludeajackhammerwhichishand-heldandotherswhicharemountedonafixedframeoronawagonorcrawlformobility.普通形式?jīng)_擊鉆包含一個(gè)手提鉆和為了便于移動(dòng)而安裝在固定框架或貨車或爬行器其它部分。32.Arotarydrillcutsbyturningabitagainsttherocksurface.旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆工作原理是使巖石表面旋轉(zhuǎn)位移。33.Arotary-percussiondrillcombinesthetwocuttingmovementstoprovideafasterpenetrationinrock..旋轉(zhuǎn)沖擊鉆是結(jié)合了兩種切削運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而能更加快速地穿透巖石。1212/18LiftingandErecting提升和安裝34.Derricksarecommonlyusedtoliftequipmentofmaterialsinindustrialorbuildingconstruction.在工業(yè)或民用建筑中起重機(jī)通慣用作材料提升設(shè)備。35.Aderrickconsistsofaverticalmastandaninclinedboomsproutingfromthefootofthemast.起重機(jī)包含一個(gè)垂直桅桿和一個(gè)從桅桿底部伸出傾斜吊架。36.Themastisheldinpositionbyguysorstifflegsconnectedtoabasewhileatoppingliftlinksthetopofthemastandthetopoftheinclinedboom.桅桿是由牽索固定或者是用剛性柱固定在底座上，然后頂部提升裝置把桅桿頂端和傾斜吊架頂端連在一起。37.Ahookintheroadlinehangingfromthetopoftheinclinedboomisusedtoliftloads.在行進(jìn)路線中，懸掛在傾斜吊架頂上吊鉤是用來起吊荷載。38.Guyderricksmayeasilybemovedfromonefloortothenextinabuildingunderconstructionwhilestifflegderricksmaybemountedontracksformovementwithinaworkarea.牽索人字起重機(jī)能夠方便地從正在施工建筑中一個(gè)樓層轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)樓層，而剛性柱起重機(jī)可安裝在軌道上在作業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi)移動(dòng)。1313/1839.Towercranesareusedtoliftloadstogreatheightsandtofacilitatetheerectionofsteelbuildingframes.塔式起重機(jī)用于把貨物提升至很高高度，而且方便鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝。40.Horizonboomtypetowercranesaremostcommoninhigh-risebuildingconstruction.水平起重臂塔吊在高層建筑中被普遍使用。41.Inclinedboomtypetowercranesarealsousedforerectingsteelstructures.傾斜吊桿式塔吊也用于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝。1414/18MixingandPaving攪拌和鋪路42.Basictypesofequipmentforpavingincludemachinesfordispensingconcreteandbituminousmaterialsforpavementsurfaces.鋪路設(shè)備最基本類型包含鋪設(shè)混凝土型和鋪設(shè)瀝青型。43.ConcretemixersmayalsobeusedtomixPortlandcement,sand,gravelandwaterinbatchesforothertypesofconstructionotherthanpaving.除了鋪路，混凝土攪拌機(jī)一樣能夠攪拌普通水泥、砂子、石子和水而用于其它類型工程。1515/1844.Atruckmixerreferstoaconcretemixermountedonatruckwhichiscapableoftransportingreadymixedconcretefromacentralbatchplanttoconstructionsites.商品混凝土攪拌運(yùn)輸車是把混凝土攪拌機(jī)裝到卡車上，該卡車能夠把預(yù)先攪拌好混凝土從集中批量生產(chǎn)工廠運(yùn)到工地。45.Apavingmixerisaselfpropelledconcretemixerequippedwith