石油英語省公開課一等獎全國示范課微課金獎課件

TheThreeSubdivisionsofOilIndustry匯報人：鄭玉航張夢璐趙天健趙清鵬1/31Part1WhatIstheDownstream?Part2OilandGasRefiningPart3Products目錄Content2/311WhatIstheDownstream?3/31PartOne

WhatIstheDownstream?4/31PartOne

WhatIstheDownstream?2Asphalt1HeatingOil3Lubricants4Syntheticrubber5/31PartOne

WhatIstheDownstream?5Plastics6Fertilizers7Pesticides8Pharmaceuticals6/31PartOne

WhatIstheDownstream?AnalysisItisalsowheresupplymeetsdemandandwherecustomersmeetcompanies.Itisalso[wheresupplymeetsdemand]and[wherecustomersmeetcompanies].Itisalso[wheresupplymeetsdemand]and[wherecustomersmeetcompanies].下游產業(yè)也是滿足消費者需求，企業(yè)與消費者直接交流步驟。7/31PartOne

WhatIstheDownstream?8/31PartOne

WhatIstheDownstream?AnalysisThisis

where

theefficiencyofthe

midstream

and

upstream

effects

how

much

and

for

what

price

oil

can

be

sold.

Thisis[

where

theefficiency(ofthe

midstream

and

upstream)

effects

(how

much

and

for

what

price

)oil

can

be

sold].

上游、中游產業(yè)效率將影響原油銷售量及價格。

9/31PartOneWhatIstheDownstream?02030401MarketingCustomerServiceStrategicPlanningforTheSaleDistributionofFinishedProduct10/31Atoilrefineries,thecrudeoilthathasbeentransportedviapipelinefromupstreamoperationsisconvertedintousablefromsincludinggasoline,diesel,jetflueandevenanantifreezeandpropane.。煉油廠將上游產業(yè)經過輸油管道輸送來原油轉變?yōu)榭捎眯螒B(tài)，包含汽油、柴油、噴氣燃料、防凍劑和丙烷refinery精煉廠

via經過

pipeline輸油管

PartOneWhatIstheDownstream?11/31antifreeze：防凍劑anti：反正確antiwar：反戰(zhàn)，antipathy：反感，antithesis：對立，反論antibacterial：抗菌，antibody：抗體crudeoiljetflueantifreezepropane.gasolinedieselPartOneWhatIstheDownstream?12/3121下游產業(yè)涵蓋工作職位包含流程風險分析師、稅務會計、設備操作員、設備維修主管、協(xié)議管理員，及儀表工程師。Jobinthedownstreamsectorincludeprocesshazardanylysts,taxaccountants,plantoperators,maintenancesupervisors,contractmanagersandinstrumentengineer.hazard:賭運氣，冒......風險maintenance：維修，維護PartOneWhatIstheDownstream?13/31processhazardanylysts：流程風險分析師Crudeoilandpetroleumproductscompaniesminimizerisksandmaximizeprofitstaxaccountants：稅務會計plantoperators：設備操作員maintenancesupervisors：設備維修主管instrumentengineer：儀表工程師contractmanagers：協(xié)議管理員Draftingcontract，negotiation，management，registrationPartOneWhatIstheDownstream?14/312Oil

and

Gas

Refining

15/31FlowchartDistillation蒸餾16/31body為了將原油合成為可用產品,必須首先處理。原油精煉過程遵照一個嚴格過程。在這個過程中心是簡單蒸餾。Inorderforcrudeoiltobesynthesizedintousableproducts,itmustfirstbeprocessed.Therefiningprocessforcrudeoilfollowsaregimentedprocess

.Atthecenterofthisprocessissimpledistillation

.因為原油由幾個不一樣烴類物質組成,精煉第一步過程包含將不一樣分子分離成不一樣基團或部分。Itfollowsthatbecausecrudeoilismadeupofseveraldifferenthydrocarbons,thefirststepintherefiningProcessinvolvesseparatingthosedifferentmoleculesapartintoseparategroupsorfractions.regimented非常嚴格；死板；嚴格規(guī)劃；排列整齊

distillation蒸餾法；【化】蒸餾；蒸餾作用；蒸餾物molecules【化,物】分子；克分子；〈口〉微小顆粒

fraction分數；小部分；小數；少許17/31body分離法利用烴化物不一樣沸點。原油隨即在蒸餾塔中加熱,然后蒸發(fā),接著準備分離。最輕化學物質首先蒸發(fā),而且通常被深入處理成液態(tài)石油或石腦油。Theseparationmethodtakesadvantageofthedifferentboilingpointsofthehydrocarbons.Thecrudeoilisthenheatedupindistillationcolumnswheretheyevaporateandarethenreadytobeseparated.ThelightestofthechemicalsevaporatefirstandusuallyarefurtherprocessedintoLiquidpetroleumornaphtha.中間蒸發(fā)溫度碳氫化合物,稱為中間餾分,生產噴氣燃料和煤油,而最重元素形成殘渣燃料油。為了恢復最重元素,有時必須到達1100華氏度溫度。Hydrocarbonswithmiddleevaporatetemperatures,calledmiddledistillates,producejetfuelandkerosenewhiletheheaviestelementsformresidualfueloil.Torecovertheheaviestelements,temperaturesof1,100degreesFahrenheitmustsometimesbereached.boilingpoint沸點Theboilingpointofasubstanceisthetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidequalsthepressuresurroundingtheliquidandtheliquidchangesintoavapor。distillationcolumns蒸餾塔evaporatev.揮發(fā)；蒸發(fā)naphtha輕油，又稱石腦油、白電油

Naphthacanbeusedforcoalgasextraction。middledistillates中間餾分jetfuel飛機燃料kerosene煤油

residualfueloil殘渣燃料油Fahrenheitn.華氏溫標；adj.華氏溫標18/31ThreeelementsofdistillationNaphthaandpetroleummiddledistillatesHeaviestelementsmiddledistillatesMiddledistillatesareusedtoproducesuchasjetfuelandkerosene.HeaviestelementsHeavyoil：

istheremainingofthe

distillation.Itshighcombustiontemperature,flameradiationcapacityisstrong.Sotheheavyoilisagoodfuelforsteelproduction.NaphthaandpetroleumNaphthaisoneofpetroleumproducts,alsoknownaschemicallightoil,mainlyfortherestructuringandchemicalrawmaterials.Petroleum:Oneofthemainobjectsofoil,isaviscous,darkbrownliquidcalled"Industrialblood".19/313Products20/3123liquefiedpetroleumgasesnaphtha21/3123gasolinekerosene22/3123dieselfueloil23/3123lubricantoilsasphaltpetroleumcoke24/3124productsusedineverydayapplications1、transportation2、heating25/3124rubbernylonplastrics26/3125原油經初步蒸餾，經過使用其它再蒸餾單元(轉化單元)對烴進行化學改性(經過裂化、結合或改變分子)，能夠提升初始產物收率。煉油廠傳統(tǒng)操作方式考慮到了產品價格巨大改變和消費季節(jié)性。對于第一個情況，一些煉油廠能夠很快地依據產品市場價值進行調整，并產生最正確產品經濟組合，以最大程度地提升利潤。另首先，煉油廠也考慮到了消費季節(jié)性，通常在夏季或北半球“駕駛季節(jié)”生產更多汽油，在冬季生產更多熱油。Thecrudeoilisinitallydistilledandtheinitialproductyieldscanbeimprovedbyusingotherrefningunits(conversionunits)tochemicallymodifythehydrocarbons(bycracking,combiningoralteringthemolecules).Theclassicalwayofoperatingtherefinerytakesintoaccountthewidevariationinpriceandtheseasonalityofconsumptionfortheproducts.Forthefrstone,somerefineriesareabletoadjustquitequicklytothemarketvalueoftheproductsandgeneratetheoptimaleconomicalmixofproductstomaximizelevenue.Ontheotherhand,refinersalsotakeintoaccounttheseasonalityofconsumption,usuallyproducingmoregasolineduringthesummeror"drivingseason"intheNorthernHemisphere,andmoreheatingoilduringthewinter.27/3125crudeoilproductyieldscanbeimprovedinitallydis