職稱英語 衛(wèi)生類 A級 完形填空 閱讀理解 考試押題 版

+第十四篇AHealthProfileAHealthprofileisaportraitofallofthefactorsthatinfluenceyourhealth．Todrawyourhealthprofile，youwill1whatdiseasesruninyourfamily，whathealthhazardsyoumaybeexposedto2work,owyourdaily3comparestotherecommendedstandards，hownluchtimeperweekyou4exercisingandwhattypeofexerciseyouengage5,howstressfulyourworkandfamilyenvironmentsare，whatkindsofillnessesyougetregularly,and6ornotyouhaveanyoneofanumberofaddictions.7thisportrait,youshouldhaveacheckuptodeterminehowyourblood，heart，andlungsarefunctioning.Thischeckupwillserve8abaseline,towhichyoucanthencomparelatertests．9thisprofileisthoroughlydrawn，youcanbegintothinkaboutsettinghealthprioritiesbased10yourparticularportrait．Forexample，ifyoudrinktwomartiniseveryevening,haveahigh-stress11,areoverweight，smokeapackofcigarettesaday,andusemarijuanaoccasionallyonweekends，youshouldquitsmokingfirst，followed12losingtheexcessweight，reducingthestressofyourjob，givingupyourmarihuanahabit，andthenfinallygiveingsome13tothosemartinisifyouwanttopreventfirstcancer，andthenheartdisease．Evenfortheyouthfulworkingpersonwhohasneverbeensickadayinhislife,whois14excellenthealth．a(chǎn)goodlookatallhealthhabitsandatworkandhomeenvironmentsmaysuggestchangesthatwill15himinthefuture．練習(xí)：1.AknowBhaveknownCneedknowDneedtoknow2.AwithBinConDat3.AdietBmealsCfoodDdinner4.AuseBdevoteCspendDtake5.AonBinCwithDabout6.AifBwhetherCeitherDneither7.ATocompleteBCompletingCCompletionDTobecompleted8.AasBforConDabout9.AUnlessBOnceCIfDAlthough10.AaroundBwithCaboutD0n11.AworkBtaskCjobDplace12.AonBwithCafterDby13.AthoughtBideaCthinkingDtalk14.AforBinCwithDon15.AreapBharvestCbenefitDlead+第十五篇LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYearsAhundredyearsago，lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47:intheearly21stcentury,menintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74.Womentoabout80,andthese_____l_____arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought_____2_____thesechanges?Whenwelookatthelife_____3_____ofpeoplel00yearsago,weneedtolookatthegreatest_____4_____ofthetime.Intheearly20thcentury,theseweretheacuteandoften_____3_____infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothers,andtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk.Inthe_____6_____worldthesediseasesarefar_____7_____today,andinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof_____8_____haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygiene,thediscoveryanduseofantibiotics,which_____9_____bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerous,andvaccinations_____l0_____commondiseases._____11_____,people'sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerair,bettermeansofpreservingfood，betterandwarmerhousing，andbetterunderstandingofnutrition.Genetically，weshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but_____l2_____peopledolivelongertoday,therearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingUSfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnesses,suchasheartdiseaseandstrokes,andthose_____l3_____byviruses,suchasinfluenzaandAIDSl.Ofcourse,cancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect_____l4_____people,butthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity_____l5_____moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages.Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"，whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress.詞匯：Expectancyn．預(yù)期Acuteaaj．(疾病)急性的Infectiousadj．傳染性的Smallpoxn.天花Sanitationn．環(huán)境衛(wèi)生Hygienen．個(gè)人衛(wèi)生Antibioticn．抗生素Bacterialadj．細(xì)菌性的Vaccinationn．種痘，接種Preservevt．保藏，防止(食物)腐爛Nutritionn．營養(yǎng)Chronicaaj．(疾病)慢性的Stroken．中風(fēng)Virusn．病毒Influenzan．流行性感冒Trendn．趨勢，傾向Obesityn．肥胖Diabetesn．糖尿病Haltvt．使．．．停止注釋：AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(AIDS)：艾滋病，后天性免疫缺乏綜合癥練習(xí)：，1．AagesByearsClivesDcountries2．AinBaboutCtoDwith3．AlengthBtimeCdurationDspan4．ApeopleBkillersCinventionDnation5．AmoreBlessChighDhighly6．AdevelopedBlessdevelopedCundevelopedDdeveloping7．AmoredeadlyBdeadlyC1essdeadlyDfatal8．AimprovementsBfactorsCjobsDmeasures9．AmakesBcausesCmakeDfrom10．AagainstBforCtoDcause11．AAndBThereforeCInadditionDNevertheless12．AwhenByetChoweverDwhile13．AspreadBaffectedCproducedDcreated14．ApoorBweakColderDyoung15．AandBleadingtoCfromDwith答案與題解：1.A通過上下文可知此處應(yīng)為"年齡".2.Bbringabout意思是"帶來"，bringin意為賺取，實(shí)現(xiàn)（一定利潤），沒有bringto這個(gè)短語，如果用with，此句話必須變成whathasitbroughtwiththesechanges才符合語法，但意思就不符合文章了。3.Dlifespan是一個(gè)固定搭配，意為壽命。4.B從下一句可以看出此處應(yīng)指那些不治之癥。5.D本句舉了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于這些病，所以此處應(yīng)為一個(gè)表嚴(yán)重的詞。high是形容詞，不能修飾后面的形容詞。Acute不是比較級，所以and后面也不應(yīng)用比較級。6.A本句后部分說在一些國家這些病已經(jīng)消失，通過常識得知應(yīng)該是發(fā)達(dá)國家。7.C本句后部分說在一些國家這些病已經(jīng)消失，整段都在說明情況好轉(zhuǎn)，故選C.8.B冒號后面列舉的內(nèi)容不能統(tǒng)一用其他幾個(gè)詞概括，只能用factor.9.C注意這里的which不是非限制定語從旬中指代前面l句話的作用，而是指代前面兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容：衛(wèi)生的改善和抗生素的發(fā)明使用，所以which后的動詞不用三單形式。cause沒有這樣的語法搭配。10.A該選項(xiàng)為固定搭配，意為對某種疾病的預(yù)防接種。11.C前面說的是對疾病的防范和控制加強(qiáng)，后面說的是整體環(huán)境的改善，兩者為并列關(guān)系，但是And在書面語中不能這樣使用，所以只能選inaddition.12.D整句話的意思是：從基因角度看，人都能活到85歲，但是雖然現(xiàn)在人們壽命確實(shí)比以前長了，仍然有一些疾病使得我們不能都活到那個(gè)歲數(shù)。所以此處應(yīng)該填一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折副詞。13.Athose指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒傳播的疾病，those后面的動詞是過去分詞作定語。spread的過去分詞與原形相同。14.C本句最后指出一些病越來越年輕化，所以此處應(yīng)選擇younger的反義詞。15.Bobesity是心臟病和糖尿病年輕化的重要原因，它和心臟病、糖尿病不是并列關(guān)系，而是因果關(guān)系，所以選擇leadingto，現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。+第四十篇 SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthersLow-saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers，accordingtoastudybyaPennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciencesfoodscientist.Theresearchindicatesthatgeneticfactorsinf1uencesomeofthedifferenceinthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecent，well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfoodhaveleftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers，pointedoutJohnHayes，assistantprofessoroffoodscience，whowasleadinvestigatoronthestudy.Dietshighinsaltcanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.Thatiswhypublichealthexpertsandfoodcompaniesareworkingtogetheronwaystohelpconsumerslowersaltintakethroughfoodsthatareenjoyabletoeat.Thisstudyincreasesunderstandingofsaltpreferenceandconsumption.Theresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodssuchassoupandchips，onmultipleoccasions，spreadoutoverweeks.Testsubjectswere45menand42women，reportedlyhealthy，ranginginagefrom20to40years.Thesamplewascomposedofindividualswhowerenotactivelymodifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyratedtheintensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale，rangingfrombarelydetectabletostrongestsensationofanykind."Mostofuslikethetasteofsalt.However，someindividualseatmoresalt，bothbecausetheylikethetasteofsaltinessmore，andalsobecauseitisneededtoblockotherunpleasanttastesinfood."saidHayes."Supertasters，peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoreintensely，consumemoresaltthandonontasters.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor，andatleastforthesefoods，moreisbetter，sothesupertastersseemtolikethemmore."However，supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasantbittertastesinfoodssuchascheese，Hayesnoted."Forexample，cheeseisawonderfulblendofdairyflavorsfromfermentedmilk，butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt,"hesaid."Asupertasterfindslow-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronounced."Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFoxandageneticistnamedBlakeslee，showingthatindividualsdifferintheirabilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asaresult，Hayesexplained，weknowthatawiderangeintasteacuityexists，andthisvariationisasnormalasvariationsineyeandhaircolor."Somepeople，calledsupertasters，describebittercompoundsasbeingextremelybitter，whileothers，callednontasters，findthesesamebittercompoundstobetastelessoronlyweaklybitter."hesaid."Responsetobittercompoundsisoneofmanywaystoidentifybiologicaldifferencesinfoodpreferencebecausesupertastingisnotlimitedtobitterness."詞匯:publicize/'p?blisaiz/v.引起公眾對…的注意;(用廣告)宣傳dietary/'dai?teri/adj.飲食的;規(guī)定食物的ferment/'f?:ment/v.(使)發(fā)酵geneticist/d?i'netisist/n.遺傳學(xué)家acuity/?'kju:iti/n.敏銳;尖銳注釋:1.PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences:即PennStateUniversity-CollegeofAgriculturalSciences賓州州立大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院。Penn是Pennsylvania的縮寫，是美國賓夕法尼亞州州名。賓州州立大學(xué)建于1855年，在全國共有24個(gè)分校。在句中，PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences用作定語，修飾foodscientist。2.well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfood:有關(guān)減少食物含鹽量的大力宣傳的做法.3.leftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers:使得許多人努力去接受適合其他人而不適合他們口味的食物。fare相當(dāng)于food。4.leadinvestigator:研發(fā)項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人5.…carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodsassoupandchips，onmultipleoccasion，spreadoutoverweeks:……經(jīng)過仔細(xì)篩選的實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者，他們在幾周內(nèi)的不同時(shí)間里品嘗加了鹽的食物，如湯和薯?xiàng)l。6.toopronounced:此處pronounced為形容詞，意為verynoticeable，conspicuous(明顯的，顯著的)。7.supertasting：超重味感練習(xí):1.Inparagraph2，JohnHayespointsoutthatAitisgoodtohealthtoeatfoodwithoutsalt.Bmanypeoplerejectlow-saltfoodcompletely.Cmanypeopleacceptlow-salttastelessfoodreluctantlyDfoodwithreducedsalttastesbetter.2.ThefourthparagraphdescribesbrieflyA. howtoselectsubjectsandwhattodointheresearch.B. howtoidentifysupertastersandnontasters.C.whytolimitthenumberofsubjectsto87persons.D.whytoselectmoremalesubjectsthanfemaleones.3.ThearticlearguesthatsupertastersA likethetasteofsaltinesstoblocksweettastesinfood.B likesnackfoodsassaltinessistheirprimaryflavor.C consumelesssaltbecausetheydon'tlikeintensivetastes.D liketosharesaltycheesewithnontasters.4.Whichofthefollowingappliestosupertastersintermsofbittertaste?A