河南專用2020版中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過關(guān)專題十一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞課件人教新目標(biāo)版

專題十一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的類型1.只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的有:must,can/could,may/might2.既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的有:need3.既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作助動(dòng)詞的有:will/would,shall/should4.具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞某些特征的有:haveto,hadbetter,usedto,beableto考點(diǎn)突破二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征1.有一定的詞義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),必須和行為動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。2.無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化(haveto例外,主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用hasto)。如:Wemuststayhere.我們必須待在這里。Hehastowalkhome.他不得不步行回家。3.后接動(dòng)詞原形。如:HecanspeakJapanese.他會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)。4.具有助動(dòng)詞的作用,可用來(lái)構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句及簡(jiǎn)明答語(yǔ)。如:—Canwegohomenow,please?——現(xiàn)在我們可以回家了嗎?—No,youcan't.——不,不可以。三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法(一)can和could的用法1.表示能力,意為“能,會(huì)”。如:Canyouplaybasketball?你會(huì)打籃球嗎?2.表示推測(cè)時(shí),常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:Itcan'tbeNick's.它不可能是尼克的。3.表示請(qǐng)求或允許,多用于口語(yǔ)中,意為“可以”,相當(dāng)于may。如:Youcan/maygonow.你現(xiàn)在可以走了。注意:以can開頭的一般疑問句,其肯定回答和否定回答分別用can和can't。4.could是can的過去式,表示過去的能力;could也可在疑問句中表示委婉地提出

請(qǐng)求。如:IcouldsingEnglishsongswhenIwasfouryearsold.我四歲的時(shí)候就會(huì)唱英文歌曲。(二)may的用法1.表示推測(cè),意為“可能;也許”,用于肯定句中。如:Hemaycometomorrow.他明天可能會(huì)來(lái)。2.表示請(qǐng)求、許可,意為“可以”。如:MayIcomein?我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?注意:may表請(qǐng)求,用于主語(yǔ)為第一人稱的一般疑問句時(shí),其否定回答用mustn't

或can't,不用maynot。3.表示祝愿。如:Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!注意:can和may均可用來(lái)表示征求意見或請(qǐng)求許可,意為“可以”,一般可互換使用。(三)must的用法1.表示說(shuō)話人的主觀語(yǔ)氣,意為“必須”。2.表示推測(cè),意為“一定”,一般用于肯定句。在疑問句和否定句中表推測(cè)時(shí)一

般應(yīng)用can,否定句中也用may,但maynot表示“可能不”,而can't表示“不可

能”。在否定句中,mustn't表示“禁止”,意為“千萬(wàn)不要”。以must開頭的疑

問句,肯定回答應(yīng)用must;而否定回答則常用needn't,意為“不需要,不必”,相當(dāng)

于don'thaveto,而不能用mustn't。如:—There'ssomeoneknockingonthedoor.——有人在敲門?！狪tmustbeJim.——肯定是吉姆?！狹ustIgohomenow?——我現(xiàn)在必須回家嗎?—No,youneedn't.——不,不必。(四)對(duì)need詞性的判斷need后加todo說(shuō)明need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,用助動(dòng)詞提問或否定;若need后加動(dòng)詞原形,則need為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,用need提問或否定。如:Youneedn'tcometoschoolsoearly.你不必這么早來(lái)學(xué)校。Youdon'tneedtoleavenow.你不必現(xiàn)在就走。(五)hadbetter的用法hadbetterdosth.表示“最好做某事”,否定式用:hadbetternotdosth.。如:You'dbetterstayathome.你最好待在家里。(六)shall/should和will/would的用法1.shall用于第一人稱,表示征求意見、詢問。如:ShallIopenthewindow?要我開窗嗎?Shallwesay6o'clock,then?那么,我們就定在6點(diǎn)鐘好嗎?2.should常用來(lái)表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任。如:Weshouldobeythetrafficrules.我們應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。3.will用于第二人稱,表示詢問、請(qǐng)求,也可以表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的意愿。如:Willyoupassmethatbook?你能把那本書遞給我嗎?4.would用來(lái)表示客氣地請(qǐng)求別人做某事。如:Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?你能告訴我去車站的路嗎?四、幾組情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析1.can/could和beableto的區(qū)別詞語(yǔ)用法例句can/could只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(can)和一般過去時(shí)(could)Jimcouldn'tspeakChineselastyear,butnowhe

can.吉姆去年不會(huì)說(shuō)漢語(yǔ),但現(xiàn)在他會(huì)了。beableto可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)Wewillbeabletocomebacknextweek.我們下

周能回來(lái)。2.can和may表可能的區(qū)別(1)在肯定句中,用may表示可能。如:Youhadbetteraskthatpoliceman.Hemayknow.你最好問那個(gè)警察,他可能知道。(2)在否定句中,cannot/can't和maynot的區(qū)別。詞語(yǔ)用法例句cannot/can't語(yǔ)氣肯定,意為“不可能”MrLican‘tbeintheroom.HehasgonetoBeijing.李先生不可能在房間里,他去北京了。maynot語(yǔ)氣不肯定,意為“可能不”—IsJohncomingbytrain?——約翰是坐火車來(lái)嗎?—Hemaynot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.——可能不是。他喜歡開他的小汽車。3.must和have/hasto的區(qū)別4.can't和mustn't的區(qū)別詞語(yǔ)用法例句must表示主觀意愿,意為“必須”Wemuststudyhardatschool.在學(xué)校我們必須

努力學(xué)習(xí)。have/hasto用于強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要,意為“必須,不得不”We'llhavetoaskZhangHong.我們得去問張紅。詞語(yǔ)用法例句can't表示否定推測(cè),意為“不可能”Hecan'tbeJim.他不可能是吉姆。mustn't表示“禁止、不允許”,不能用來(lái)表推測(cè)Youmustn'tplaysoccerinthestreet.你千萬(wàn)別在街上踢足球。一、單句填空1.(2019河南)Jerrydidn'tpaymeback,buthepromisedthathe

would

this

Sunday.2.(2019北京)—Lily,

can

youfinishtheletterintenminutes?—Yes,Ican.3.(2019天津)You

mustn't

walkonthewethillpathbecauseyou

might

fallandhurtyourself.4.(2019湖北武漢)—Trythissoup—you

will

likeit.中考題組—Wow!Thisisdelicious!5.(2019廣東)Dirtyairandwaterareharmful.They

can

killplants,andeven

people.6.(2019安徽)Thedesignerhastriedeverypossiblewaytomaketherobotlight,so

you

needn't

worryaboutitsweight.7.(2019新疆)David,

could

youpleasesweepthefloorandtakeoutthetrash?8.(2019山東青島)Asmiddleschoolstudents,we

should

followthepublic

ruleswhereverwego.9.(2019江蘇蘇州)—Somepeopledon'tshowtheirtalentsattheverybeginning.—Iagree.EvenEinstein

couldn't

readuntilhewasseven.10.(2019甘肅蘭州)Themagazine

must

beLucy's.Wecanseehernameonthe

cover.11.(2019四川成都)—IsthatTomoverthere?—It

can't

behim.HeisontheplanetoChengdunow.12.(2019浙江溫州)Wedon'tallowtakingmagazinesout,butyou

can

copy

thearticleyouneedonthemachineoverthere.13.(2018河南)—Areyougoingtothecinematonight?—Idon'tknow.I

might

goorI

might

stayathome.14.(2018北京)I

must

gonow,orI'llmissmytrain.15.(2018天津)—MustIcomebefore6:30tomorrow?—No,you

needn't

.Therewillbeplentyoftime.16.(2018廣東)—YuanLongping,afamousChinesescientist,isnowdoingresearch

onsearice.—Iffarmers

can

startplantingriceinsaltywater,China'sfoodsupplywill

surelyrise.17.(2018江蘇蘇州)She

may

beslow,butatleastshedoesn'tmakestupidmis-

takes.18.(2018湖北武漢)—Mustyougo?—Yes,I'mafraidIreally

must

.19.(2017河南)—Idon'tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,you

should

.You'renotaloneinthisworld.二、語(yǔ)篇填空(2020河南中考預(yù)測(cè))閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空,使短文通順、意思

完整。每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。anothercarrycontrolhavelifewellsousualwildtreeAnimalsareimportantinIndiancultureandsomearetreatedinaspecialway.For

example,alotofelephantsaren't1

.Theyaredomesticated(馴養(yǎng)).Theyaren't

keptaspets,butasworkinganimals.Everyworkingelephant2

itsownkeeper.

Anelephantanditskeepermeetforthefirsttimewhentheyarebothyoung,and

theygrowuptogether.Infact,theirrelationshipcontinuesfortherestoftheelephant's3

—perhaps40years.Lotsofelephantsworkintheforest,movingheavy4

whentheyarecutdown.Somegiveridestotourists,or5

peopleduringcele-

brationsandfestivals.Keeperstakeexcellentcareoftheirelephants,feedingthem

6

andgivingthemabathattheendoftheworkingday.7

specialanimalinIndiaisthecow.Cowsareprotectedanimals,8

they

aren'tkeptonfarmsorkilledforfood,althoughpeopledousetheirmilk.SoinIn-

diayoucanoftenseecowswalkingaroundtownsandcities,andnobodytries9

them.Iftheysitdowninthemiddleoftheroad,people10

drivearoundthem!Do

youthinkit'sinteresting?1.

wild

2.

has

3.

life

4.

trees

5.

carry

6.

well

7.

Another

8.

so

9.

tocontrol

10.

usually

一、單句填空1.(2019河南鄭州外國(guó)語(yǔ)中學(xué)一模)—Ididn'tpassthemathtest.IthinkIhave

spenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesrecently.—Iagree.You

mustn't

playlikethatanymore.2.(2019河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)一模)—Idon'tmindgivingyouadetailedexplanationof

whathappenedthatday.—You

needn't

.I'mnotaskingyouforit.3.(2019河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)—IwonderwhereTomis.模擬題組—Iamnotsure.He

might

beinthelibrary.4.(2019河南洛陽(yáng)一模)Onceyouhaveaplan,you

should

takeactionto

achieveit.Oryouwillsurelyregretit.5.(2019河南開封一模)—IstheladyinredMrs.Li?—No.It

can't

beMrs.Li.Shedoesn'tlikeredatall.6.(2019河南焦作一模)—MustIgotoamedicalschoolandbeadoctorlikeyou,

Dad?—No,you

needn't

,son.You'refreetomakeyourowndecision.7.(2019河南平頂山一模)—Look!Thewomanoutoftheclassroom

must

beourheadteacher.Sheisalwaysstandingthereeverymorning.—No,it

can't

beher.Isawherdriveawayjustnow.8.(2019河南商丘一模)John,lookatthetime.

Must

youplaythepianoatsuch

alatehour?9.(2019河大附中一模)—We'vepreparedallkindsoffoodsforthepicnic.—DoyoumeanI

needn't

bringanything?10.(2018河南鄭州二模)—Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervaca-

tion?—Notyet.We

may

gotoMountYuntai.Itisacoolplaceforvacation.11.(2019河南百校聯(lián)盟大聯(lián)考)—MayIwatchTVforawhile,Dad?—Whenyourhomeworkisfinished,you

can

.12.(2018河南開封一模)—Deardaughter,it'smidnight!Whystayupsolate?—I'dliketogotobedearlier,butthetestpaper

must

behandedintomorrow

morning.13.(2018河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)—Haveyoueverheardofanoldsaying“Thefragrance

(香氣)alwaysremainsinthehandthatgivestherose.”?—Yes.Sowe

should

trytohelpothers.14.(2018河南安陽(yáng)一模)—Canteensundertheageof16driveacar?—No,accordingtothelaw,they

mustn't

.15.(2018河南鄭州一模)Althoughlookingafterkids

may

soundlikeasimple

job,greatcareisstillneeded.16.(2018河南商丘一模)—Howisyourfriendcoming?—I'mnotsure.He

may

drivehere.17.(2018河南平頂山一模)—

Must

Igototheofficeatonce?—No,Idon'tthinkyouhave

to

.18.(2018河南信陽(yáng)一模)—MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?—No,you

needn't

.You

may

doitthisevening.二、語(yǔ)篇填空(2020河南中考原創(chuàng))閱讀短文,根