湖南省永州市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題【含答案解析】

永州市2024年下期高二期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測試卷英語注意事項：1.本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分，共10頁。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。2.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在答題卡上。3.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號，不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howmuchshouldthewomanpay?A.$10.B.$18.C.$20.2.Whatattractsthewomanmostaboutthephone?A.Thecamera.B.Thetouchscreen.C.TheGPS.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Kind.B.Strong.C.Competitive.4.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aperson.B.Afire.C.Abuilding.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakersprobablynow?A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Inahospital.7.Whathappenedtotheman'ssisterlastweek?A.Shehadafever.B.Sheslippedonice.C.Shebrokehiswrist.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthepurposeofthecall?A.Tobookaroom.B.Toarrangeatour.C.Toconfirmareservation.9.Whatdoesthewomanrequest?A.Awake-upcall.B.Aspecialmenu.C.Aroomwithanoceanview.10.Howcanguestsreceiveafreemeal?A.Bystayingaminimumofthreenights.B.Byreservingroomsonline.C.BybookingroomsonFriday.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatwillthemanbuyforhisfather?A.Apairofgloves.B.Ascarf.C.Apairofshoes.12.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.ThursdayC.Friday.13.Howoftendoestheman'sfatherswimnow?A.Onceaday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Onceaweek.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whattimeisitnow?A.4:45p.m.B.5:00p.m.C.5:15p.m.15.Whydidthemangetfined?A.Heoversped.B.Heranaredlight.C.Heillegallyparked.16.Whatfoodissoldoutnow?A.Bakedpork.B.Roastfish.C.Friedchicken.17.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodoafterdinner?A.Seeanexhibition.B.Gostraightbackhome.C.WatchaPekingOpera.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.What'sthemaintopicofthespeech?A.Anewschoolclub.B.Onlinecommunicationskills.C.Differenttypesofsocialmedia.19.Whohelpedthespeakeraccepthissocialproblem?A.Hisclassmate.B.Hissister.C.Hisfriend.20.WhatkindofpeopleisInPersonbestfor?A.Peoplewholikeattendingsocialevents.B.Peoplewhoknowalotaboutcommunicationskills.C.Peoplewhofeelnervouswhencommunicatingfacetoface.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。APoetryContestsin2025(Free&PaidEntry)ThePushcartPrizeDeadline:December1,2025Entryfee:$0Prize:Publication(出版)inThePushcartPrize:BestofSmallPressesItisoneofthemostfamousawardsintheliteraryworld.Eachyear,theprizeisgivenforworksofpoetry,fiction,andcreativenonfictionbyliterarymagazines.Thereisnocashprize.However,winningthisawardensureswriterswillexperiencerecognitionintheliteraryworldfortheirtalents.BellevueLiteraryReviewPrizesDeadline:July1,2025Entryfee:$20Prize:$1000Itawardsyoungpoetswhocreateworksrelatedtohealth.WinnersarepublishedintheSpring2026issueoftheBLRandreceivea$1000cashprize.Allpoetrycontestentriesmustbepreviouslyunpublished.KingsleyTuftsPoetryAwardDeadline:July1,2025EntryFee:$0Prize:$100,000Itisanannualpoetrycontestopentomid-careerUSpoets&writers.Thegenerouscashprizeisgiventoencouragepoetstohavethefreedomtodedicateayeartowritingtheirnextbookwithouthavingtoworryaboutpayingbills.Thewinneralsospendsanopenweekintheresidence(居住)ofClaremontGraduateUniversity.TheLetterReviewPrizeforPoetryDeadline:June302025Entryfee:$25Prize:$400Itaskspoetstosubmit(提交)poemsofupto70linesandencouragespassionate,creativewritingtobeused.Poetsmustincludeashortbiographywiththeirsubmissionandcanenterasmanytimesastheywish.Runners-upalsoreceiveaprize,withsecondplacereceiving$250andthirdplacereceiving$150.1.WhatwillthewinnerofThePushcartPrizeget?A.Acashprize. B.Literaryrecognition.C.Publicationinanymagazine. D.Aweek'sstayinauniversity.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheBellevueLiteraryReviewPrizes?A.Itawardsoldpoets. B.Itchargesnoentryfee.C.Itencouragesworksonhealth. D.Itacceptspreviouslypublishedpoems.3.Whichcontestrequirespoetstoattachabriefbiographytotheirworks?A.ThePushcartPrize. B.KingsleyTuftsPoetryAward.C.BellevueLiteraryReviewPrizes. D.TheLetterReviewPrizeforPoetry.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2025年幾個不同的詩歌比賽，包括它們的截止日期、參賽費用、獎項設(shè)置以及各自的特點和要求。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ThePushcartPrize部分中的“Thereisnocashprize.However,winningthisawardensureswriterswillexperiencerecognitionintheliteraryworldfortheirtalents.(此獎沒有現(xiàn)金獎勵，然而，獲得該獎項能確保作者的才華在文學(xué)界得到認(rèn)可。)”可知，獲得普什卡特獎能確保作者的才華在文學(xué)界得到認(rèn)可，即獲得文學(xué)界的認(rèn)可。故選B。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章BellevueLiteraryReviewPrizes部分中的“Itawardsyoungpoetswhocreateworksrelatedtohealth.(該獎項旨在獎勵創(chuàng)作與健康相關(guān)作品的年輕詩人。)”可知，該獎項鼓勵創(chuàng)作與健康相關(guān)的作品。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章TheLetterReviewPrizeforPoetry部分中的“Poetsmustincludeashortbiographywiththeirsubmissionandcanenterasmanytimesastheywish.(詩人提交作品時必須附上一篇簡短的個人簡介，且可不限次數(shù)參賽。)”可知，參加《書信評論》詩歌獎的詩人提交作品時必須附上一篇簡短的個人簡介。故選D。BEversincemydaughterGabiwasjustayoungchild,shehasbeencuriousabouttheworldaroundher,alwaysreadytoask“why”and“how”questions.Ithoughtitcouldbefuntotalktomydaughteraboutfemalescientists.Idiscoveredtherewasascientist,AdaLovelace.Shehadaloveformathematicsandabeliefthatcomputerscanbeusedtofinishmanytaskshumansdo.ItoldGabiaboutLovelace'scontributionstothefieldandtheimpactshehadonmeasascientistandmathematician.Today,computersaresuchanessentialpartofourdailylives;wecan’timaginelivingwithoutthem.Theideathatcomputerscangobeyondjustcalculatingnumbersandperformanyabstractoperationisthephenomenonofourtechnology.However,noteveryoneknowsthatthisideadatesbacktolongbeforethefirstprogrammable,general-purposedigitalcomputerwasintroducedinthe1940s.Thisconceptgoesbacktothe1800s,thankstoLoveluce,apioneerinmathematicsandcomputing,whowasrecognizedasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.Lovelacealsoheldherbeliefthatwhilecomputershadendlesspotential,theycouldnotbetrulyintelligent.ShearguedthatAIcan’tcreateanythingoriginalwithoutlearningfromhumaninput.ThisisstilltruetodayasAIbecomesincreasinglycommoninoureverydaylives.WhileChatGPTandsimilarAItoolsmayseemtohavea“mind”oftheirown,thosetoolsaresimplyparrotinghuman-generatedcontentontheinternet.Lovelacewasanincrediblyintelligentwoman,whocontributedsomuchtomathematicsandcomputerscience.Herenthusiasmanddeterminationledhertolookfurtherandsearchdeeper.IhopeLoyelacewillinspiremydaughterandotheryounggirlstoconsiderfollowinginherfootsteps.4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutGabi?A.ShehasgreatadmirationforLovelace. B.Shehasadreamofbecomingascientist.C.Sheshowsstrongcuriosityabouttheworld. D.Shebelievescomputersareassmartashumans.5.Whatdoestheauthorstressinparagraph2?A.Theinventionofcomputers. B.Lovelace’scontributiontoscience.C.Thedevelopmentoftechnology. D.Lovelace’seducationbackground.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“parroting”inparagraph3mean?A.Repeating. B.Creating. C.Appreciating. D.Imagining.7.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toshowherinterestinscience. B.Toexplainthesignificanceofcomputers.C.Toprovideanexampleforgirlstofollow. D.Todemonstratethedisadvantageofcomputers.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者與女兒Gabi談?wù)撆茖W(xué)家AdaLovelace的故事，介紹了Lovelace對科學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)及其對后代的啟發(fā)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“EversincemydaughterGabiwasjustayoungchild,shehasbeencuriousabouttheworldaroundher,alwaysreadytoask“why”and“how”questions.Ithoughtitcouldbefuntotalktomydaughteraboutfemalescientists.(自從我的女兒Gabi還是個孩子時，她就對周圍的世界充滿了好奇，總是準(zhǔn)備好問‘為什么’和‘如何’這樣的問題)”可知，Gabi對世界充滿了強烈的好奇心。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“However,noteveryoneknowsthatthisideadatesbacktolongbeforethefirstprogrammable,general-purposedigitalcomputerwasintroducedinthe1940s.Thisconceptgoesbacktothe1800s,thankstoLoveluce,apioneerinmathematicsandcomputing,whowasrecognizedasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.(然而，并不是每個人都知道，這個想法可以追溯到20世紀(jì)40年代第一臺可編程的通用數(shù)字計算機問世之前很久。這個概念可以追溯到19世紀(jì)，多虧了Loveluce，數(shù)學(xué)和計算的先驅(qū)，她被認(rèn)為是第一個計算機程序員)”可推知，此段強調(diào)了Lovelace對科學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“Lovelacealsoheldherbeliefthatwhilecomputershadendlesspotential,theycouldnotbetrulyintelligent.ShearguedthatAIcan’tcreateanythingoriginalwithoutlearningfromhumaninput(洛夫萊斯還認(rèn)為，雖然計算機有無限的潛力，但它們不可能真正智能。她認(rèn)為，如果不從人類輸入中學(xué)習(xí)，人工智能就無法創(chuàng)造出任何原創(chuàng)的東西)”可知，洛夫萊斯認(rèn)為計算機不可能真正智能，不從人類輸入中學(xué)習(xí)就無法創(chuàng)造出任何原創(chuàng)的東西；結(jié)合劃線詞所在句中的讓步狀語從句“WhileChatGPTandsimilarAItoolsmayseemtohavea“mind”oftheirown(雖然ChatGPT和類似的人工智能工具似乎有自己的‘思想’)”可知，“thosetoolsaresimply

parrotinghuman-generatedcontentontheinternet(這些工具只是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上parroting人類生成的內(nèi)容)”表達(dá)的意思是“這些工具只是重復(fù)人類生成的內(nèi)容”，即這些內(nèi)容不是這些工具原創(chuàng)的，劃線詞“parroting”的意思是“重復(fù)”，與repeating同義。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“IhopeLoyelacewillinspiremydaughterandotheryounggirlstoconsiderfollowinginherfootsteps.(我希望Lovelace能夠激勵我的女兒和其他年輕女孩考慮追隨她的腳步)”可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了提供一個女孩們可以效仿的榜樣。故選C。CInruralPakistan,anewproject,calledImprovingAccesstoSustainableEnergyinRuralPakistanUsingFoodandFiberAgro-WasteasaRenewableFuel(SAFER),aimstoturnbananawasteintoareliablesourceofelectricityforoff-grid(遠(yuǎn)離電網(wǎng)的)communities.Everyyear,Pakistangenerates80millionmetrictonsofagriculturalwastefromgrowingbananas.AcademicsfromNorthumbriaUniversity,inpartnershipwithUKandPakistaniorganizations,havedevelopedaninnovativetwo-partsystemthatwillmakeuseofthiswasteproductandprovidebenefitsforlocalpeopleatthesametime.Thefirstpartwillusenewtechnologytoturnthebananawasteintotextilefibers(紡織纖維),andthesecondparttakesthewastegeneratedfromthatprocessandusesittoproducerenewable(可再生的)energy.ThiswillnotonlyreducetheenvironmentalimpactofPakistan’stextileindustry,butalsobringcleanerelectricitytothe50%ofpeoplelivinginruralareasofthecountrywhocurrentlyrelyonfossil(化石)fuelsforenergy.Theprocesshasthepotentialtobeappliedtoalmostanyformofagriculturalwaste,benefitingcommunitiesandtheenvironmentworldwidethroughthesupplyofrenewabletextilesandenergy.Dr.JibranKhaliq,ofNorthumbriaUniversity,isamaterialscientistwhoresearchesturningwasteenergy.“Pakistan’stextiledepartmentisresponsibleforsignificantenvironmentalimpacts,includinggreenhousegasemissions(排放),andmicroplastics,”saidDr.Khaliqinastatement.Herevealedthathispartnershavedevelopedatechnologytoturnbananawasteintotextilefibers,butthelackofelectricityinruralSindh,wherethemajorityofthebananasaregrown,haspreventedthisinnovationfrombeingscaled-upuntilnow.“Overthenextyearwewillbeworkingtodevelopanewwaste-to-energytechnology.Thetechnologywillbenefitthetextileindustryandlocalcommunities,improvingsoilfertility(肥沃)andfoodproductionthroughthegenerationofbiofertilizers(生物肥料),”headded.8WhatisSAFERintendedtodo?A.Toreducetextilewaste. B.Topromotebananaplanting.C.Toincreaseagriculturalproduction. D.Togenerateelectricityfrombananawaste.9.Howdoestheauthorpresentthetwo-partsystemindetail?A.Bygivingadefinition. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bymakingacomparison. D.Bymakinganexplanation..10.WhathaspreventedthewideapplicationofthetechnologyinruralSindh?A.Lackoflaborforce. B.Electricityshortage.C.Insufficientfunding. D.Highcostofthetechnology.11.Whatisapotentialbenefitofthenewwaste-to-energytechnology?A.Developingagriculture. B.Decreasingsoilfertility.C.Increasinguseoffossilfuel. D.Promotingthesaleoftextile.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了巴基斯坦的一個名為SAFER的項目，旨在將香蕉廢料轉(zhuǎn)化為可靠的電力來源，還介紹了相關(guān)系統(tǒng)及面臨的問題和潛在益處?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“InruralPakistan,anewproject,calledImprovingAccesstoSustainableEnergyinRuralPakistanUsingFoodandFiberAgro-WasteasaRenewableFuel(SAFER),aimstoturnbananawasteintoareliablesourceofelectricityforoff-grid(遠(yuǎn)離電網(wǎng)的)communities.(在巴基斯坦農(nóng)村，一個名為‘利用食品和纖維農(nóng)業(yè)廢料作為可再生燃料改善巴基斯坦農(nóng)村可持續(xù)能源獲取’(SAFER)的新項目，旨在將香蕉廢料轉(zhuǎn)化為離網(wǎng)社區(qū)可靠的電力來源)”可知，SAFER項目旨在利用香蕉廢料發(fā)電。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AcademicsfromNorthumbriaUniversity,inpartnershipwithUKandPakistaniorganizations,havedevelopedaninnovativetwo-partsystemthatwillmakeuseofthiswasteproductandprovidebenefitsforlocalpeopleatthesametime.

Thefirstpartwillusenewtechnologytoturnthebananawasteintotextilefibers(紡織纖維),andthesecondparttakesthewastegeneratedfromthatprocessandusesittoproducerenewable(可再生的)energy.(諾森比亞大學(xué)的學(xué)者們與英國和巴基斯坦的組織合作，開發(fā)了一個由兩部分組成的創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)將利用這種廢物，同時為當(dāng)?shù)厝藥砗锰?。第一部分將使用新技術(shù)將香蕉廢料轉(zhuǎn)化為紡織纖維，第二部分則利用該過程產(chǎn)生的廢料來生產(chǎn)可再生能源)”可推知，作者通過對該兩部分系統(tǒng)的組成和運作方式進(jìn)行解釋來詳細(xì)介紹它。故選D項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Herevealedthathispartnershavedevelopedatechnologytoturnbananawasteintotextilefibers,butthelackofelectricityinruralSindh,wherethemajorityofthebananasaregrown,haspreventedthisinnovationfrombeingscaled-upuntilnow.(他透露，他的合作伙伴已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種將香蕉廢料轉(zhuǎn)化為紡織纖維的技術(shù)，但香蕉主要種植地信德省農(nóng)村地區(qū)的電力短缺，至今阻礙了這項創(chuàng)新的推廣)”可知，電力短缺阻礙了該技術(shù)在信德省農(nóng)村的廣泛應(yīng)用。故選B項?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thetechnologywillbenefitthetextileindustryandlocalcommunities,improvingsoilfertility(肥沃)

andfoodproductionthroughthegenerationofbiofertilizers(生物肥料)(這項技術(shù)將造福紡織業(yè)和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)，通過生產(chǎn)生物肥料提高土壤肥力和糧食產(chǎn)量)”可知，這項新技術(shù)可以提高土壤肥力和糧食產(chǎn)量，說明它的一個潛在好處是利于發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)。故選A項。DGlaciers(冰川)areenormousmassesoficecreatedbysnowthathasbecomepackedovermanyyears.Hiddeninsidesomeofthemaredramaticandbeautifulcavescalledglaciercaves(洞),whicharemadeentirelyofice.Howdotheyform?Icecaves,usuallylyingwithinorbeneathglaciers,areformedbythemeltwateroftheglacierthatflowsthroughtheiceduringperiodsofrainfallorduringthewarmermonthswhentheglaciericeismelting(融化).Wherethemeltedwaterflowsthroughcracks(裂縫)intheice,thecracksgetbiggerandbiggerovertime.Eventually,aglaciercaveisformed.Glaciercavesarevaluabletoglaciologists,scientistswhostudyglaciers.Usually,glaciologistscanstudythesurfaceofaglacier,butthesecavesletthemseetheundersideandinside.Studyingaglacierfromtheinsidehelpsscientistslearnaboutthewayaglaciermovesandslides.Astheclimatechanges,glaciersaremeltingquickly,leadingtorisingsealevels.Glaciercavesarechangingquicklytoo.Fromonevisittothenext,peoplemightfindthatsomeroomsinacavehavedisappearedwhileothershaveformed.Icemayhavethickenedorthinnedasmoreairentersthroughplaceswheretheicehasmeltedthrough.Becauseofthis,thevolumehastobere-mappedeveryfewweeks.“It’sverydifferentfromarockcave,whichneverchanges,”saidCartaya,a46-year-oldForestServiceworkerandEMTinBend,Oregon.“Onceyousurveyarockcave,it’sdone.Withthese,everyweekit’schanging.”Glaciologistsandotherscientistsmeasurethesechanges.Theinformationcanhelpthemfigureoutwhatishappeningwithoursealevelsandourplanet.Inrecentyears,datacollectedfromthecavesystemhasunlockedanimportantclueintrackingglacialloss.Theyhopetoprovidecriticalnewinformationforunderstandingtheimpactofglaciallossonwaterresourcesandglobalsealevelrise.12.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theeffectsofglaciercaves. B.Thechangesofglaciercaves.C.Theformationofglaciercaves. D.Thedefinitionofglaciercaves.13.WhydoestheauthormentionCartaya’swordsinparagraph4?A.Toproveapoint. B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Todrawaconclusion. D.Toattractreaders’interest.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Glaciercaveschangeslowly.B.Glaciercavesaremadepartlyofice.C.Meltwaterflowsthroughtheicecracksincolderweather.D.Glaciercaveshelpfigureouthowglaciersmoveandslide.15.Whatdoscientiststhinkofthecurrentresearch?A.Satisfying. B.Disappointing. C.Shocking. D.Confusing.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了冰川洞穴的形成、對冰川學(xué)家的價值，以及因氣候變化其不斷變化的情況，科學(xué)家通過研究洞穴變化了解海平面和地球的情況?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Howdotheyform?Icecaves,usuallylyingwithinorbeneathglaciers,areformedbythemeltwateroftheglacierthatflowsthroughtheiceduringperiodsofrainfallorduringthewarmermonthswhentheglaciericeismelting(融化).Wherethemeltedwaterflowsthroughcracks(裂縫)intheice,thecracksgetbiggerandbiggerovertime.Eventually,aglaciercaveisformed.(它們是如何形成的呢?冰洞通常位于冰川內(nèi)部或下方，是由冰川的融水在降雨期間或冰川冰融化的溫暖月份流經(jīng)冰層形成的。當(dāng)融化的水從冰中的裂縫流過時，隨著時間的推移，裂縫會越來越大。最終，一個冰川洞穴就形成了)”可知，該段主要講述了冰川洞穴的形成。故選C項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Glaciercavesarechangingquicklytoo.Fromonevisittothenext,peoplemightfindthatsomeroomsinacavehavedisappearedwhileothershaveformed.Icemayhavethickenedorthinnedasmoreairentersthroughplaceswheretheicehasmeltedthrough.Becauseofthis,thevolumehastobere-mappedeveryfewweeks.(冰川洞穴也在迅速變化。在一次又一次的參觀中，人們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)洞穴中的一些洞室消失了，而另一些洞室則形成了。隨著更多的空氣從冰融化的地方進(jìn)入，冰可能變厚或變薄。因此，每隔幾周體積就必須重新測繪)”可知，段中先提出冰川洞穴在迅速變化這一觀點。然后引用了Cartaya的話“It’sverydifferentfromarockcave,whichneverchanges,(這里和巖洞非常不同，巖洞永遠(yuǎn)不會變)”和“Onceyousurveyarockcave,it’sdone.Withthese,everyweekit’schanging.(一旦你勘測了一個巖洞，一切就完成了。而這些冰川洞穴，每周都在變化)”可知，作者提到Cartaya的話是為了證明冰川洞穴在迅速變化這一觀點。故選A項?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Studyingaglacierfromtheinsidehelpsscientistslearnaboutthewayaglaciermovesandslides.(從內(nèi)部研究冰川有助于科學(xué)家了解冰川移動和滑動的方式)”可知，冰川洞穴有助于弄清楚冰川是如何移動和滑動的。故選D項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Inrecentyears,datacollectedfromthecavesystemhasunlockedanimportantclueintrackingglacialloss.Theyhopetoprovidecriticalnewinformationforunderstandingtheimpactofglaciallossonwaterresourcesandglobalsealevelrise.(近年來，從洞穴系統(tǒng)收集的數(shù)據(jù)為追蹤冰川流失提供了一條重要線索。他們希望為了解冰川流失對水資源和全球海平面上升的影響提供關(guān)鍵的新信息)”可知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為目前的研究是令人滿意的，因為有了重要發(fā)現(xiàn)并有望提供關(guān)鍵新信息。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inafast-pacedworld,mentaltirednessisalltoocommon.Butit’smorethanjustbeingalittletired—itcanmakeyougetintotrouble,messwithyourproductivity,andevenaffectyourwell-beingnegatively.___16___,thegoodnewsisthattherearestepsyoucantaketoliftthatmentalfogandregainclarity.Takearest.Giveyourselfpermissiontostepbackandtakeamentalhealthbreak.Workingnon-stoporlivingonyourworriesendlesslywillonlyfurtheryourtiredness.___17___,dosomethingthatmentallydisconnectsyoufromyourstressors.Prioritizeeffectivelyandfocusononethingatatime.___18___.Prioritizingtaskscanhelpyoufocusonwhat’simportant,allowingyoutotacklechallengesmoreorganizedandwithlessstress.Sometimesthebestwaytodothisistopracticesingle-taskingwhereyousimplyfocusononethingatatime.___19___.Anuntidyenvironmentcanbeasmallbutsignificantsourceofstress.Takingthetimetotidyyourlivingandworkingspacescanfreeupmentalenergy.Organizingyourphysicalenvironmentcancreateasenseoforderandcontrol.Ifyoufeelitdifficulttoclearyourspace,startsmallbyclearingyourdeskfirst.Thenseehowyoufeelandifitmotivatesyoutotidyupotherareas.Writedownyourthoughts.Sometimes,yourmindneedsasafespacetounload.___20___Itcanbeparticularlyusefulfortacklingproblemscontributingtomentaltiredness,aswritingissuesdownonpapercanoftenmakethemseemmoremanageable.A.FreeupmentalenergyB.ClearyourmessyspaceC.UnlessyouaretootiredfromworkD.AlthoughfeelingthiswaymightseemdepressingE.KeepingajournalcanprovideawaytoexpressyourideasF.MentaltirednessoftencomesfromhavingtoomuchonyourplateG.Whetherit’sashortbreak,orjustshuttingoffyourphoneforanhour【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.B20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹的是在生活中擺脫精神疲憊的四條建議。【16題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Butit’smorethanjustbeingalittletired—itcanmakeyougetintotrouble,messwithyourproductivity,andevenaffectyourwell-beingnegatively.(但這不僅僅是有點累——它會讓你陷入麻煩，影響你的工作效率，甚至對你的健康產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。)”可知此處講的是精神疲憊不僅會影響工作效率還會影響個人健康，空后“thegoodnewsisthattherearestepsyoucantaketoliftthatmentalfogandregainclarity.(好消息是，你可以采取一些步驟來驅(qū)散精神上的迷霧，恢復(fù)清醒。)”可知此處講的是可以采取一些辦法來驅(qū)散精神疲憊，由空后的逗號可知空處應(yīng)為從句，選項DAlthoughfeelingthiswaymightseemdepressing(雖然這種感覺可能看起來很壓抑)為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，句中的feelingthisway指代空前一句話的內(nèi)容，而且空后的thatmentalfog指代空處的depressing這一精神狀態(tài)，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境，故選D項。【17題詳解】空前“Giveyourselfpermissiontostepbackandtakeamentalhealthbreak.(允許自己退后一步，讓精神健康休息一下。)”指出在精神疲憊時應(yīng)該讓自己休息一下，空后“dosomethingthatmentallydisconnectsyoufromyourstressors(做一些能讓你從精神上脫離壓力源的事情)”指出我們需要做出一些脫離壓力源的事情，由空后的逗號可知空處應(yīng)是從句的形式，G項Whetherit’sashortbreak,orjustshuttingoffyourphoneforanhour(無論是短暫的休息，還是關(guān)掉手機一小時)為whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，指出可以脫離壓力源的兩種方法，而且選項中的break與空前的break屬于高頻詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境，故選G項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Prioritizeeffectivelyandfocusononethingatatime(有效地劃分優(yōu)先級，一次只專注于一件事)”可知本段主要講是我們要對要做的事情有效地劃分等級，一次只專注于一件事，空后“Prioritizingtaskscanhelpyoufocusonwhat’simportant,allowingyoutotacklechallengesmoreorganizedandwithlessstress.(優(yōu)先處理任務(wù)可以幫助你專注于重要的事情，讓你更有組織地應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，壓力更小。)”指出優(yōu)先處理任務(wù)的益處所在，F(xiàn)項Mentaltirednessoftencomesfromhavingtoomuchonyourplate.(精神疲勞通常來自于你的盤子里有太多的東西要處理。)指出精神疲憊的來源通常是因為有太多要處理的事情，是空后要優(yōu)先處理任務(wù)的原因，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境，故選F項。【19題詳解】空處為本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)空后“Anuntidyenvironmentcanbeasmallbutsignificantsourceofstress(不整潔的環(huán)境可能是壓力的一個小而重要的來源)”指出不整潔的環(huán)境可能是壓力的一個小而重要的來源，由此可以推測本段的主旨應(yīng)與個人空間的清理有關(guān)，B項Clearyourmessyspace(清理你凌亂的空間)指出要對個人空間進(jìn)行清理，概括本段的內(nèi)容，而且選項中的messy與空后的untidy屬于同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，選項中的動詞Clear與空后的動詞tidy屬于同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，空后的clearyourspace與選項的內(nèi)容Clearyourmessyspace屬于高頻詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，符合上下文語境，故選B項。【20題詳解】空前“Writedownyourthoughts.Sometimes,yourmindneedsasafespacetounload.(寫下你的想法。有時候，你的思想需要一個安全的空間來卸載。)”可知本段的建議是寫下自己的想法，E項Keepingajournalcanprovideawaytoexpressyourideas.(寫日記可以提供一種表達(dá)想法的方式。)指出寫日記是一種表達(dá)想法的方式，承接上文，引出下文，而且選項中的express與unload屬于同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，ajournal指代空前的asafespace，Keepingajournal指代空后的It，符合上下文語境，故選E項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ColleenWall,aninspirationalartist,isdevotedtousingmurals(壁畫)tomakea“windowview”toupliftpatients.HerjourneyintotheArts&Healthcarefieldbeganin1995,whenshewasdiagnosed(診斷)with___21___cancer.Fortunately,sherecovered.Thislife-changingexperience___22___herpassionforusingarttohelpothers.After___23___stomachcancer,sheservedasanartistatWomen’s&Children’sHospitalofBuffalo.Onemorning,Colleenenteredapatient’sroomand___24___,“It’ssuchabeautifuldayoutside!”Thepatient___25___fromherbedandreplied,“Italwayslooksthesamefromhere.”Thatsimplebutpowerful___26___inspiredColleen’sideaforaproject:TransformingHealthcareSpaces.Itwassuccessfully___27___withacrowd-fundingKickstartercampaign,anditofferedhertheopportunitytocreate20inspirational___28___shecalledLandEscapes.Thewindow-inspiredpaintingsincludeelementsofnatureto___29___theviewerintothescene.Theyalso____30____wordsofencouragementandinspiration.Colleen’sgoalistogiveeverypatientaviewtoasunny,peacefulplace,offeringamental____31____fromtherestrictionsofthehospitalroomanda(n)____32____thatbetterdaysareahead.“Spendinglongperiodsoftimeinahospitalroomcanfeel____33____,”saidColleen.“Thesewindowpaintingsaremeanttohelppatientsfeelasthoughtheyarenot____34____toasmallroombutinsteadcantakea(n)____35____journeyoutsideintonature.”21.A.skin B.stomach C.lung D.bone22.A.weakened B.fueled C.withdrew D.limited23.A.developing B.stimulating C.detecting D.beating24.A.added B.explained C.remarked D.roared25.A.lookedup B.lookeddown C.lookedback D.lookedaround26.A.proposal B.prediction C.exchange D.bond27.A.faced B.overcome C.funded D.replaced28.A.paintings B.poems C.essays D.songs29.A.admit B.attract C.forbid D.accompany30.A.guarantee B.demand C.grasp D.feature31.A.disease B.phenomenon C.challenge D.escape32.A.evidence B.reminder C.promise D.example33.A.envious B.uplifted C.energetic D.lonely34.A.suited B.addicted C.restricted D.committed35.A.imaginary B.adventurous C.conventional D.tough【答案】21.B22.B23.D24.C25.A26.C27.C28.A29.B30.D31.D32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了勵志藝術(shù)家ColleenWall在1995年被診斷患有癌癥并康復(fù)后，投身藝術(shù)與醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域，她與患者的交流啟發(fā)其開展項目，創(chuàng)作壁畫幫助患者從心理上擺脫病房束縛?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她進(jìn)入藝術(shù)與醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的旅程始于1995年，當(dāng)時她被診斷出患有胃癌。A.skin皮膚；B.stomach胃；C.lung肺；D.bone骨頭。根據(jù)后文“After3stomachcancer”可知，她患的是胃癌。故選B項。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這次改變?nèi)松慕?jīng)歷激發(fā)了她用藝術(shù)幫助他人的熱情。A.weakened削弱；B.fueled激發(fā)，促進(jìn)；C.withdrew撤回；D.limited限制。前文“Fortunately,sherecovered.”提到她戰(zhàn)勝了癌癥，這是改變?nèi)松慕?jīng)歷，結(jié)合下文“After3stomachcancer,sheservedasanartistatWomen’s&Children’sHospitalofBuffalo.”可推知，正是戰(zhàn)勝了癌癥的成功經(jīng)歷激發(fā)了她用藝術(shù)去幫助他人的熱情。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：戰(zhàn)勝胃癌后，她在布法羅婦女兒童醫(yī)院擔(dān)任藝術(shù)家。A.developing發(fā)展；B.stimulating刺激；C.detecting檢測；D.beating戰(zhàn)勝。從前文“Fortunately,sherecovered.”可知她從癌癥中康復(fù)了，也就是戰(zhàn)勝了癌癥。故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一天早上，Colleen走進(jìn)一個病人的房間，說：“外面天氣真好！”A.added補充說；B.explained解釋；C.remarked說，評論；D.roared咆哮。根據(jù)后文“It’ssuchabeautifuldayoutside!”可知，Colleen表達(dá)了對外面天氣的看法，remark符合語境；add常用于對之前所說內(nèi)容的補充。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：病人從床上抬起頭回答說：“從這里看總是一樣的?！盇.lookedup抬頭看；B.lookeddown俯視；C.lookedback回顧；D.lookedaround環(huán)顧四周。結(jié)合前文“Colleenenteredapatient’sroomandremarked,‘It’ssuchabeautifuldayoutside!’”和后文“fromherbed”，病人原本在床上，聽到Colleen的話后自然是從床上抬起頭來回應(yīng)。故選A項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那次簡單卻有力的對話激發(fā)了Colleen一個項目的想法：改變醫(yī)療空間。A.proposal提議；B.prediction預(yù)測；C.exchange交流，對話；D.bond紐帶。根據(jù)前文Colleen和病人關(guān)于外面天氣的對話可知，正是這次交流激發(fā)了她的項目想法。故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過Kickstarter眾籌活動，