2025屆新高考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)定語從句

2025屆新高考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)定語從句1.定語從句的概念2.定語從句和賓語從句3.定語從句的關(guān)系詞4.非限制性定語從句一、定語從句的基本概念定語從句概念關(guān)系詞1.定語2.定從：主從復(fù)合句3.先行詞（位置）4.關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞：who\whom\that\which\whose2.關(guān)系副詞：When\where\whyIhaveasisterwhoisastudent.主句從句先行詞關(guān)系詞先行詞的位置在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞明確無誤地位于定語從句之前，讀者可以清楚地知道哪個詞被定語從句所修飾。但是，當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜，或者存在省略時，先行詞與定語從句之間的關(guān)聯(lián)可能變得模糊，從而產(chǎn)生歧義。e.g.Heboughtabookthatwaswrittenbyhisfavoriteauthorinthebookstore.?e.g.Heboughtabookinthebookstore

thatwaswrittenbyhisfavoriteauthor.解決方法：1.如果你是作者：改寫改寫1：Hebought,inthebookstore,abookthatwaswrittenbyhisfavoriteauthor.改寫2：Thebookheboughtinthebookstorewaswrittenbyhisfavoriteauthor.這兩種改寫都通過調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)或使用更明確的表達(dá)方式來消除了歧義。

2.如果你是讀者：上下文根據(jù)句意，“abook”仍然是先行詞，而“inthebookstore”只是說明了購買書籍的地點。概念總結(jié)1.形容詞修飾名詞，定語修飾主語、賓語、表語等名詞詞性的詞。因此，定語從句常跟在名詞后；2.主從復(fù)合句中至少有兩個簡單句，從句語法結(jié)構(gòu)上獨立，邏輯上附屬于主句。因此，語法分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)時需要重視從句的獨立性；3.先行詞是被定語從句修飾限定的名詞，定語從句常緊隨先行詞。因此，大部分情況下，定語從句前的名詞就是被該從句修飾的對象。二、定語從句和賓語從句賓語從句?定義?：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語??引導(dǎo)詞?：賓語從句可以由that、whether、if等引導(dǎo)，也可以由所有的疑問詞（如what,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how等）引導(dǎo)?。?例句?：Ibelievethatheishonest.Idon'tknowifhewillbeabletomakeit.Sheaskedhimwhoshewas.定語從句?定義?：定語從句是一個簡單句跟在先行詞后，進(jìn)行修飾限定。定語從句在主句中充當(dāng)定語成分，被修飾的詞叫先行詞?。??引導(dǎo)詞?：定語從句可以由that、which、as、who、whom、whose、where、when、why等引導(dǎo)?。ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.ThehousewhereIgrewupisnolongerstanding.1.TheboysarefromClassone.Theboysareplayingfootball.??TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.Ihelpedanoldman.Theoldmanlosthisway.??Ihelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.3.

Thebookisonthetable.Iboughtabookyesterday.??ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisonthetable

在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句；被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞；定義從句相當(dāng)于形容詞的用法。三、定語從句的關(guān)系詞ThisisthecarwhichIboughtlastyear.?先行詞關(guān)系詞“分-主-從”1.分：劃分主句和從句2.主：分析主句句子成分，判斷從句性質(zhì)3.從：分析從句句子成分，選擇關(guān)系詞分-主-從（課文原文）1.Whenweweren’tplayingonthecourtwhichwasnexttoourbuilding.2.Paul’sfavoriteplayerTyroneBogues,agaywhoplayedfortheCharlotteHornets.3.Bogueswasonly1.5metrestall,whichmadehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA.4.Hewasstillusuallyonthebench,beingjustareplacement,whichwasreallytoughonhim.分-主-從（課文原文）5.EveryoneknewPaulhadrealskills,andwassomeonewhoworkedhardandhandastrongdesiretoplayfortheteam.6.Thebears,ateamwhoserecordthisseasonhadbeenperfect.7.Pauldidn’tknowhe’dsoongetthechancethathe’dbeenwaitingfor.專題練題目：1．Thefilm

youarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeonnextweek.2．Iamgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeople

Ihavevisited.3．Peoplewanttolistentosomeone

isinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.4．Mr.Liwantstotalktothestudents

homeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.5．Thisisthemostexcitingfootballgame

Ihaveseensofar.專題練題目：6．Thisisthelittlegirl

parentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.7．Ms.Smithusuallywalksherdoginthepark

islocatedinthecenterofthetown.8．Jordan’sskillswereimpressive,butthementalstrength

heshowedmadehimunique.9．Thesestudents

parentshavecometoChinaforbusinessliketheschoolverymuch.10．Fortheconsumers,itcansavesometimeforthepeople

don’thavemuchsparetime.

關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞代詞→代替名詞名詞在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語從句主干成分不完整副詞→代替副詞副詞在句中充當(dāng)次要成分從句主干成分完整關(guān)系代詞作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代先行詞并且在從句中作成分引導(dǎo)詞先行詞成分例句關(guān)系代詞Who人主賓表Jimisthepersonthat/whogavemethedeepest

impressioninmylife.Whom人賓Hewastheman(that/who/whom/省略)Imetintheoffice.Which物主賓表Ithrewawaythebookthat/whichtroubledmealot.That人＋物主賓表Thedogisakindofanimal(that/which/省略)manypeoplelove.As人＋物主賓表?Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.whose人＋物定Thisisthebookwhoseauthorisagenius.關(guān)系副詞When時間狀I(lǐng)stillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.Where地點狀Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichwelivedlastyear.why原因狀?Idon'tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.可替代先行詞從句中成分例句關(guān)系代詞Who人主賓表Jimisthepersonthat/whogavemethedeepest

impressioninmylife.Whom人賓Hewastheman(that/who/whom/省略)Imetintheoffice.Which物主賓表Ithrewawaythebookthat/whichtroubledmealot.That人＋物主賓表Thedogisakindofanimal(that/which/省略)manypeoplelove.As人＋物主賓表?Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.whose人＋物定Thisisthebookwhoseauthorisagenius.Thisisthebook____Iboughtyesterday.?Theman____istalkingtoourteacherismyuncle.??Idon'tknowtheperson____youjusttalkedto.??Thehouse____windowsarebrokenneedstoberepaired.??Allthebooks____areontheshelfaremine.??Sheistheonlygirl____haswontheprize.答案?：that/which答案?：who/that答案?：whom/who/that答案?：whose答案?：that答案?：that可替代先行詞從句中成分例句關(guān)系副詞When時間狀I(lǐng)stillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.Where地點狀Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichwelivedlastyear.why原因狀?Idon'tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.Thereason________IamunhappyisthatImissmyhometown.?Ioncelivedinthemountain______thesceneryisverybeautiful.?Iwillneverforgetthetime_______MyfriendsandIplayedhappily.?正確答案：?why?正確答案：?where?正確答案：?when?who，whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句who，whom用來代替人，who是主格，在定語從句中作主語，不可省略；whom為賓格，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略；who和whom都可以與that互換。Themanwhotalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.SheisthesingerwhoImetlastweek.Mr.Liuistheperson?whom?youtalkedwithonthebus.

which引導(dǎo)的定語從句which指物，在定語從句中作主語和賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語時可省略，which可與that互換。Hedrivesanewcar,whichwasboughtlastyear.whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句whose既可以指人，也可指物，指物時可以和ofwhich互換；whose是所有格，在定語從句中作定語，不可省略，不可與that互換。?1.Thisisthewomanwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.2.Sheisawomanwhosebrotherisadoctor.?that引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞（all，everything，little，none，much，few等）時，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)；(2)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或者形容詞，副詞的最高級修飾時，定語從句常用that引導(dǎo)；Everythingthatyousaidistrue.Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.1．Canyousolvesuchproblems________wereraisedbytheaudience?

as【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：觀眾提出的這些問題，你能解決嗎？因為先行詞problem前面有such修飾，所以后面的定語從句由關(guān)系代詞as來引導(dǎo)。故填as。2．Mygreat-aunt_____is105yearsoldtoldushowshehasbeenabletolivesolong.

who【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我105歲的姑奶奶告訴我們她是如何活得這么久的。分析句子可知，本句涉及一個限制性定語從句，空處需要填入關(guān)系代詞who，指人，代替先行詞great-aunt作從句中的主語。故填who。3.Isawamanshoutingatadriver________carwasblockingthestreet.

whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我看見一個男人對著一個司機(jī)大喊，因為他的車擋住了路。句中先行詞為driver，在定語從句中作名詞car的定語，所以用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)句意，故填whose。4．Isthisthereason________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

that/which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這就是他在會上解釋工作粗心的原因嗎？thereason為先行詞，作定語從句explain的賓語。關(guān)系代詞為that或者which。故填that/which。5．Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecrops________usedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.

that/which【詳解】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：有機(jī)農(nóng)場主也種植不同的作物，這些作物利用不同深度的土壤來保持自身長得好。空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞diversecrops，在從句中做主語，指物，用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。6．We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth______wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.

which/that/不填【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：一個月之后，我們將實現(xiàn)今年年初設(shè)定的銷售目標(biāo)。______wesetatthebeginningoftheyear是定語從句，修飾thesalestargets，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作set的賓語，指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)該從句。而且，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時，還可以省略。故填which/that/不填。7．Istillrememberthepaintingsandtheartists________Isawattheexhibition.

that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我仍然記得我在展覽會上看到的那些繪畫和藝術(shù)家。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是“thepaintingsandtheartists”，既指人又指物，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作動詞saw的賓語，所以空處需用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填that。8．Mr.andMrs.Williamsadoptedachild________parentsweredead.

whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：Williams夫婦收養(yǎng)了一個父母雙亡的孩子。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處及之后內(nèi)容為定語從句，先行詞為child，在定語從句中作定語，所以此處填關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。9．Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.

that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我拒絕為別人的過錯承擔(dān)責(zé)任。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子為限制性定語從句，先行詞是不定代詞“something”，指物，在從句中作主語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞“that”引導(dǎo)從句。故填that。10．Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.

that/which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：兩位作者也在2014年發(fā)表的一項研究顯示，每天僅跑步5到10分鐘就可以降低各種原因?qū)е滦呐K病和早期死亡的風(fēng)險。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為astudy，指物，且定語從句缺少主語。故填關(guān)系代詞that/which。四、非限制性定語從句

非限制性定語從句是既可以修飾先行詞（名詞/代詞/名詞性短語）也可以修飾一個句子，其僅僅是對先行詞或句子的一個附加說明，即使去掉非限制性定語從句也不會影響主句的意思。

一般是逗號將非限制性定語從句和所修飾的詞或者句子隔開。定語從句分類限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句限制先行詞限制位置作用重要不限制先行詞（邏輯）不限制位置作用不重要定語從句分類限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句限制先行詞限制位置作用重要不限制先行詞（邏輯）不限制位置作用不重要Ihaveasisterwhoisastudent.Ihaveasister,whoisastudent.Ihavelostthecupthat/whichIlikeverymuch.Ihavelostthecup,whichIlikeverymuch.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye