江蘇專(zhuān)版2025版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題3閱讀理解第二節(jié)推理判斷題三寫(xiě)作意圖題學(xué)案牛津譯林版

PAGEPAGE1三、寫(xiě)作意圖題(2024·天津，D)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉訶德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion：whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolearn，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我)，whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(視……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文從西班牙文學(xué)巨匠塞萬(wàn)提斯講起，告知我們不論身處哪個(gè)年齡階段，只要有目標(biāo)，并且情愿學(xué)習(xí)，就可能取得勝利。51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一、二段內(nèi)容可知，塞萬(wàn)提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他決心寫(xiě)一本書(shū)，結(jié)果這本書(shū)暢銷(xiāo)了350多年，有些人直到生命的最終時(shí)刻都在發(fā)覺(jué)新的活力和創(chuàng)意。由此可推知，作者以塞萬(wàn)提斯的故事開(kāi)頭是為了告知我們年齡不是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的障礙。52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.答案D解析詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)所在句可知，人們?cè)谶€沒(méi)到達(dá)人生的終點(diǎn)之前就失去了接著學(xué)習(xí)的愛(ài)好。故選D項(xiàng)。53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.答案C解析推理推斷題。通讀第四段可知，該段是說(shuō)我們中大多數(shù)人總是削減自己生活的多樣性，困在自己的專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，沒(méi)有什么能給我們帶來(lái)驚喜，但是只要我們情愿學(xué)，到處都是機(jī)會(huì)。據(jù)此可推知，機(jī)會(huì)青睞有求知欲的人。54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.答案D解析推理推斷題。通讀第五段可知，該段說(shuō)到我們成熟之后學(xué)會(huì)忍受自己變更不了的事，學(xué)會(huì)避開(kāi)自我哀憐；知道有些人是我們無(wú)論怎么做都討好不了的，而這種想法最初會(huì)困擾我們，但最終我們會(huì)感到釋然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告知我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)用合適的方式對(duì)待生活，因此選D。55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.答案A解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文通過(guò)塞萬(wàn)提斯的經(jīng)驗(yàn)告知我們要讓自己成年的生活充溢意義。一、題型解讀各種話(huà)題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫(xiě)作意圖/目的題。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：1.整篇文章的寫(xiě)作意圖/目的：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(5)Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage?(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.2.某處細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的寫(xiě)作意圖/目的：(1)Thefirstparagraphto.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.(4)Whefirstparagraph?二、解題技巧1.文體特點(diǎn)推意圖(1)記敘文：一般會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結(jié)性的語(yǔ)言，且往往有肯定的哲理性，全部的敘述都是圍繞該哲理綻開(kāi)。(2)廣告類(lèi)應(yīng)用文：文章中有對(duì)某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹，運(yùn)用具有明顯支持傾向的語(yǔ)言。(3)說(shuō)明文：寫(xiě)作目的有賴(lài)于對(duì)文章主旨的把握，閱讀時(shí)須要找準(zhǔn)主題句。(4)爭(zhēng)論文：提出論點(diǎn)——進(jìn)行論證——得出結(jié)論，作者的意圖往往隱含于最終一部分中。2.看寫(xiě)作手法找答案(1)在文章開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題或介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。(2)舉例或引用某人的話(huà)時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有tosupport/toshow等字眼。例如：【真題感悟】中的第55題，文章為爭(zhēng)論文，文章先提出論點(diǎn)，再進(jìn)行論證，最終得出結(jié)論：我們要讓自己的成年生活充溢意義。A(2024·南徐鹽常四市聯(lián)考)Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.WhenMartinLutherKing，Jr.presentedhisdream，hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthiselectrifying(令人激烈的)messagerequiredemotionalintelligence—theabilitytorecognize，understand，andmanageemotions.Emotionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders，policymakers，andeducatorsasthesolutiontoawiderangeofsocialproblems.Ifwecanteachourchildrentomanageemotions，theargumentgoes，we’llhavelessbullyingandmorecooperation.Ifwecancultivateemotionalintelligenceamongleadersanddoctors，we’llhavemorecaringworkplacesandmorecompassionatehealthcare.Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩蓋)adarkside.Newevidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills，theybecomebetteratmanipulating(限制)others.Whenyou’regoodatcontrollingyourownemotions，youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknowwhatothersarefeeling，youcan1motivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests.Socialscientistshavebeguntodocumentthisdarksideofemotionalintelligence.11InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinize(細(xì)致審查)themessageandrememberedofthecontent.Ironicallyaudiencemembersweresomovedbythespeechthattheyclaimedtorecallmoreofit.Theauthorscallthistheawestruckeffect，butitmightjustaseasilybedescribedasthedumbstruckeffect.OneobserverreflectedthatHitler’spersuasive6impactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpressemotions—hewould“tearopenhisheart”—andtheseemotionsaffectedhisfollowerstothepointthattheywould“stopthinking2criticallyandjustemote”.Leaderswho7masteremotionscanrobusofourcapacitiestoreason.Iftheirvaluesareoutofstepwithourown，theresultscanbedestructive.Newevidencesuggeststhatwhenpeoplehaveself-servingmotives(動(dòng)機(jī))，emotionalintelligencebecomesaweaponformanipulatingothers.InastudyledbytheUniversityofTorontopsychologistStephaneCote，universityemployeesfilledoutasurveyabouttheirMachiavellian(不擇手段的)tendencies，andtookatestmeasuringtheirknowledgeabouteffectivestrategiesformanagingemotions.Then，Cote’steamassessedhowoftentheemployeesdeliberatelyundermined(漸漸減弱)theircolleagues.Theemployees9involvedinthemostharmfulbehaviorswereMachiavellianswithhighemotionalintelligence.Theyusedtheiremotionalskillstolowerthedignityoftheirpeersforpersonalgain.ShiningalightonthisdarksideofemotionalintelligenceisonemissionofaresearchteamledbyUniversityCollegeLondonprofessorMartinKilduff.Accordingtotheseexperts，emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(偽裝)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.ProfessorKilduff’steamwrites，“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevidentnotonlyonShakespeare’sstagebutalsointheofficesandcorridorswherepowerandinfluencearetraded.”O(jiān)fcourse，peoplearen’talwaysusingemotionalintelligencefornefariousends.Moreoftenthannot，emotionalskillsaresimplyinstrumentaltoolsforgoalaccomplishment.AresearchteamdiscoveredthatfounderAnitaRoddickusedemotionalintelligencetoinspireheremployeesfundraiseforcharity.AsRoddickexplained，“Wheneverwewantedtopersuadeourstafftosupportaparticularprojectwealwaystriedtobreaktheirhearts.”Thereisgrowingrecognitionthatemotionalintelligence—likeanyskill—canbeusedforgoodorevil.Soifwe’regoingtoteachemotionalintelligenceinschoolsanddevelopitatwork，weneedtoconsiderthevaluesthatgoalongwithitandwhereit’sactuallyuseful.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了情商的黑暗面及其運(yùn)用和影響。)1.WhydoestheauthormentionMartinLutherKing，Jr.?A.Tohonorthegreatleaderforhiscourage.B.Torecommendhisspeechtootherleaders.C.Toimpressthereaderswithamajortopic.D.Toadvocateasocietywithfewerproblems.答案C解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.”可知，人類(lèi)歷史上一些最宏大的時(shí)刻是由情商推動(dòng)的，緊接著作者提到馬丁·路德·金就是為了給讀者留下深刻的印象，故C項(xiàng)正確。2.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoadarksideofemotionalintelligence?A.Developingthecapabilitytocontrolone’sownemotion.B.Inducingpeopletodowhatbringsdisadvantagestothem.C.Appealingtotheaudiencetoconcentrateandremembermore.D.Encouragingthemovedaudiencetorecallmoreofthespeech.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句及最終一句可知，情商重要，但失控的熱忱掩蓋了它的黑暗面，當(dāng)你知道別人的感受時(shí)，你可以激勵(lì)他們違反自己的最佳利益，由此可知，誘導(dǎo)人們做對(duì)他們不利的事情屬于情商的黑暗面之一，故B項(xiàng)正確。3.WhatisthedumbstruckeffectofHitler’semotionalintelligence?A.Hisfollowerswouldtearopentheirheartstohim.B.Hisfollowerswouldexpressemotionsstrategically.C.Hisfollowerswouldlosetheabilitytoreasonproperly.D.Hisfollowerswoulddeveloptheself-servingmotives.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段其次句可知，希特勒之所以極具勸服力，是因?yàn)樗袑?shí)力戰(zhàn)略性地表達(dá)自己的心情，這些心情會(huì)影響到他的追隨者，讓他們不再批判性地思索，而只是發(fā)泄心情，由此可知，希特勒情商的驚人影響是使他的追隨者失去了正確推理的實(shí)力，故C項(xiàng)正確。4.Howdopeopleusetheiremotionalintelligenceforpersonalgain?A.Theydisguisetheiremotionstoearnothers’trust.B.Theyhelptheircolleaguestobuildupconfidence.C.Theypresenttheirstrategicbehaviorsonthestage.D.Theylowertheirowndignitytogainpopularity.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第七段中的“emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(偽裝)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain”及“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevident”可知，人們通過(guò)掩飾自己的心情贏(yíng)得別人的信任來(lái)獲得個(gè)人利益，故A項(xiàng)正確。5.Whichmaymeanthesameastheunderlinedword“nefarious”inParagraph8?A.Immoral. B.Unimportant.C.Illegal. D.Uncontrollable.答案A解析詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞所在句及其后一句可知，人們并不總是利用情商來(lái)達(dá)到邪惡的目的，通常情感技巧只是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的工具，由此可知畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞詞義為“邪惡的，不道德的”，故A項(xiàng)正確。6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBenefitsofEmotionalIntelligenceB.TheWaysofDisguisingOne’sEmotionsC.TheReasonsforUsingEmotionalSkillsD.TheDarkSideofEmotionalIntelligence答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，特殊是第三段中的“Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩蓋)adarkside.”可知，情商當(dāng)然重要，但失控的熱忱掩蓋了它的黑暗面，本文主要介紹的就是情商的黑暗面，故D項(xiàng)正確。B(2024·南京金陵中學(xué)、海安中學(xué)、外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校四模)“Beafraid.Beveryafraid，”saysa10characterinTheFly，ahorrorfilmaboutamanwhoturnsintoanenormousinsect.It3capturestheuneaseanddisgustpeopleoftenfeelforthekingdomofcockroaches，Zika-carryingmosquitoesandcreepycrawliesofallkinds.However，ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworldassomethingtobefrightenedfor，notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears，scoresofscientificstudieshavesuggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring，droning，honeybees，butterfliesandbeetlesaredyingoff.“Ifallmankindweretodisappear”，wroteE.O.Wilson，a4respectableentomologist，“theworldwouldregenerate...Ifinsectsweretovanish，theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos.”Mostofthestudiesdescribedeclinesof50%andmoreoverdecadesindifferentmeasuresofinsecthealth.Theimmediate5reactionisshock.Insectsenableplantstoreproduce，throughpollination(授粉)，andarefoodforotheranimals，soacollapseintheirnumberswouldbecatastrophic.Butasecondlook8leadstoadifferentassessment.Ratherthancausingapanic，thestudiesshouldactasatimelywarningandareasontotakeprecautions.Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.Reliabledataaretooscarcetodeclareaglobalemergency.Moreover，wheretheevidencedoesshowacollapse—inEuropeandAmerica—agriculturalandruralecosystemsareholdingup.Farmproductionstillremainshigh.Assomeinsectspeciesdieout，othersseemtobemovingintotheniches(生態(tài)位)theyhaveleft，keepingecosystemsgoing，althoughwithlessbiodiversitythanbefore.Itishardtoarguethatinsectdeclineisyetcausingsignificanteconomicdamage.Buttherearecomplications.Agriculturalproductivityisnottheonlymeasureofenvironmentalhealth.Animalshavevalue，independentofanydirecteconomiccontributiontheymaymake.Themorespeciesmakeupanecosystem，themorestableitislikelytobe.Theextinctionofafewinsectspeciesamongsomanymightnotmakeabigdifference.Thelossofhundredsofthousandswould.Andthescaleoftheobserveddeclineraisesdoubtsabouthowlongecosystemscanremainresilient(能復(fù)原的).Anexperimentinwhichresearchersgraduallypulledoutinsectpollinatorsfromfieldsfoundthatplantdiversityheldupwelluntilabout90%ofinsectshadbeenremoved.Thenitcollapsed.12Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.Butitwouldberecklesstofindoutbyactuallytriggeringone.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明白昆蟲(chóng)危機(jī)還沒(méi)有燃眉之急，但是須要實(shí)行預(yù)防措施。否則后果不行思議。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimply?A.Ecologistshavelongbeenafraidofthosedisgustinginsects.B.Ecologistsareworriedaboutthedisappearanceofsomeinsects.C.Ecologistshavealreadygotridoftheprejudicedfeelingaboutinsects.D.Ecologistsarerespectfuloftheinsect’sabilitytoregeneratethemselves.答案B8.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthestudiesconductedinthepasttwoyears?A.Thoughthereisadeclineinthenumberofinsects，westillhavethereasontobeoptimistic.B.Biodiversitycancauseimmediatedamagesothatweshouldtakeprecautionsrightaway.C.Datacollectedfromallovertheworldisconvincingtoproveourenvironmentisatrisk.D.Theconsequenceofdecreasingbiodiversitymaybemoreseriousthanwecanimagine.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段第三、四句“Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.”可知，生物多樣性削減的后果可能比我們想象的更為嚴(yán)峻。故D選項(xiàng)正確。9.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toshowthemagicalpowerofourmothernature.B.Toanalyzewhyinsectsareontheedgeofextinction.C.Todrawpeople’sattentiontothedecreasinginsects.D.Tourgethescientiststocollectmoredataaboutinsects.答案C解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀全文可知，短文說(shuō)明白昆蟲(chóng)危機(jī)還沒(méi)有燃眉之急，但是須要預(yù)防措施。昆蟲(chóng)是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的指標(biāo)。它們的衰落是一個(gè)警告，提示我們要留意這一點(diǎn)，否則一切都太晚了。所以寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是引起人們對(duì)正在削減的昆蟲(chóng)的留意。故C選項(xiàng)正確。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據(jù)句意揣測(cè)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分的意思1.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolvedinvoluntarywork.激勵(lì)2.Thishasgivenhimadispositiontoconsiderourtraditionscritically.批判地3.Therobberywascapturedonpolicevideocameras.記錄下，捕獲4.Hewasnowateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.受人敬重的5.Ourinstinctivereactionwhensomeonecausesuspainistostrikeback.反應(yīng)(二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換6.FrenchhadamajorimpactontheEnglishlanguage.influence7.Shestruggledtomasterherfearofheight.control8.Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency，whilebadonesbringtheopposite.cause/resultin/bringin(三)一詞多義9.involvevt.包含；須要；涉及；影響；使參與(1)Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople，putyourselfintheirpositions.影響(2)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.使參與(3)Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalking，imitating，singingandtellingjokes.包括10.charactern.性格，特性；特征；品性，人格；人物；角色；符號(hào)；文字(1)Ididn’tknowRonhadthatmuchstrengthofcharacter.特性(2)MichaelFishismyfavourite.He’sahoot，arealcharacter.人物(3)Schoolswerecreatedtoteachreading，mathsandmoralcharacter.人格(4)ThefilmisautobiographicalandthecentralcharacterisplayedbyCollardhimself.角色(5)Acharacterisaletter，number，orothersymbolthatiswrittenorprinted.文字；符號(hào)Ⅱ.長(zhǎng)難句理解11.InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent；InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；其中l(wèi)edbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)；whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。[精致譯文]在一個(gè)由高校教授JochenMenges主持的探討中(發(fā)覺(jué))，當(dāng)一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人做充溢激情的演講時(shí)，聽(tīng)眾不太可能細(xì)致審查內(nèi)容細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)并記住演講內(nèi)容。12.Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是itisimpossibletoknowhowclose...；其中how引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句；Giventhelackofdata是介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，譯為“考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏”。[精致譯文]考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏，不行能知道歐洲和美洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的崩潰是何等的相近。強(qiáng)化練(二十一)Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1.Consideredtobealessdangeroustotobacco，“e-cigs”aretakingovertheWestasmoreandmorepeopleswitchoverwhentryingtokickthehabit.(2024·蘇州八校高三聯(lián)考)A.adjustment B.alternativeC.advertisement D.amusement答案B解析adjustment調(diào)整，適應(yīng)；alternative替代物，可供選擇的事物；advertisement廣告；2.—Whatwaswrong？Whydidn’tyougotothepicnicasscheduled?—I’msorry.Iaseriously-injuredoldmantothehospital.(2024·南京六校聯(lián)合體高三月考)A.woulddeliver B.deliveredC.haddelivered D.wasdelivering答案D解析考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：——出什么事了？你為什么沒(méi)有按安排去野餐？——我很愧疚。我正在把一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻受傷的老人送到醫(yī)院。結(jié)合句意可知此處是表示在過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在做某事，所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選D。3.MoreandmoreproductsoftheearlyInternetarecomingtoanend.ThesameistrueinChina，too，whereTencentsaysit’llWebQQonJan.1,2024.A.shutdown B.improveonC.putforth D.setoff答案A解析句意為：越來(lái)越多的早期互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品即將走到終點(diǎn)。在中國(guó)也是如此，騰訊表示它將在2024年1月1日關(guān)閉WebQQ。shutdown關(guān)閉，停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，符合語(yǔ)境。improveon改進(jìn)；putforth提出；setoff動(dòng)身，引發(fā)。4.EveryoneinthetouristindustryhasmadethepointthatGovernmentassistanceishelpful，whattheyactuallyneedmostisforthevisitorsthemselvestoreturn.A.asB.whenC.whileD.since答案C解析句意為：從事旅游業(yè)的每個(gè)人都強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一點(diǎn)，盡管政府的救濟(jì)的確有幫助，但是他們真正須要的是讓游客自己回來(lái)。while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于though和although，表示“盡管”，故選C。5.Jennyisnotinthewaytotreatherstudents.Sometimessheistootoughonthem，andsometimesshejustallowsthemeverything.(2024·海安縣高三期末)A.consistent B.conventionalC.considerate D.controversial答案A解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。consistent始終如一的，一樣的；conventional慣例的；considerate愛(ài)護(hù)的；controversial有爭(zhēng)議的。句意為：珍妮對(duì)待學(xué)生的方式不一樣，有時(shí)她對(duì)他們太嚴(yán)厲了，有時(shí)又放任他們。故A項(xiàng)正確。6.Thecollegeannouncedthestudentsexchangeprogram，mostofstudentshavingsubmittedtheirapplicationforms.(2024·江蘇江都、華羅庚等中學(xué)聯(lián)考)A.them B.whichC.whose D.its答案D解析考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：學(xué)院宣布了交換生安排，大部分學(xué)生已經(jīng)提交了申請(qǐng)表。由于空格后面用了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用形容詞物主代詞，it指代Thecollege，故D項(xiàng)正確。7.Nextdoortoours，whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.A.arelivingablackcoupleB.liveablackcoupleC.areablackcouplelivingD.doablackcouplelive答案B解析考查倒裝句。Nextdoortoours是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，置于句首時(shí)句子要全部倒裝，即主謂倒裝。句意為：我們隔壁住著一對(duì)黑人夫婦，他們好像已經(jīng)在這個(gè)社區(qū)定居很久了。依據(jù)句意可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B。8.Allrightsreserved.Thecontentaboveshallnotbereprintedwithoutpermission，thanks.A.arbitrarily B.barelyC.offensively D.optionally答案A解析考查副詞辨析。句意為：版權(quán)全部，以上內(nèi)容未經(jīng)允許不準(zhǔn)隨意重印，感謝。arbitrarily隨意地，武斷地；barely牽強(qiáng)，幾乎不；offensively冒犯地，厭煩地；optionally有選擇地。故選A。9.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourfigureandhealth，themosteffectivethingtodoistoshowupatthegymeverytimeyoubethere.A.can B.willC.may D.shall答案A解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：假如你想改善你的身材和健康，要做的最有效的事情是每一次你能去健身房的時(shí)候就肯定出現(xiàn)在那里。本題can表示實(shí)力。10.—MustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends?—Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly，butdon’tthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.A.pullyourweight B.sealyourfateC.pushyourluck D.breakyourback答案C解析句意為：——周末我必需待在家里復(fù)習(xí)功課嗎？——上次你出人意料地通過(guò)了考試，但是這次不要碰運(yùn)氣了，因?yàn)榭荚嚂?huì)難得多。pullyourweight盡最大努力；sealyourfate確定你的命運(yùn)；pushyourluck再次冒險(xiǎn)，接著碰運(yùn)氣；breakyourback舍命工作。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，答話(huà)者認(rèn)為對(duì)方上次通過(guò)考試是靠運(yùn)氣，所以在提示對(duì)方要仔細(xì)復(fù)習(xí)而不能再憑運(yùn)氣，故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.閱讀理解AElNi?o，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNi?oseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o，in1997-98，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象名字的得來(lái)、影響、危害等相關(guān)狀況，希望人們對(duì)厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生做好充分的打算，以削減損失。11.WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段其次句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os，onbalance，thantheylose.”可知，富有國(guó)家因厄爾尼諾得到的東西要比它們失去的多。12.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)其次句中的“...however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance...”可知以往政府對(duì)削減風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的投入太少，應(yīng)當(dāng)加大投資以降低厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象造成的損失。13.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o.答案D解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特殊是最終一段中的“helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetherisk...”可推斷出，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是呼吁人們?yōu)槎驙柲嶂Z現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生做好打算。BProfessionalcourses，suchasMastersinInternationalBusinessorMIB，havebeentakenbymanystudentsinthelasttwodecades.Theyarechoosingnew-agenon-conventionalcoursesthatguaranteeabetterfuture.MIBisaspecializedcoursethatteachestheinternationalbusiness.TherearevalidreasonsforsomuchpopularityofMIBcourse.ThecoursecontentandteachingmethodsofMIBarequitedifferentfromanormalMBAorMasterofBusinessAdministration.Ithasbeendesignedwiththesoleobjectiveofdevelopingprofessionalswithanin-depthunderstandingandknowledgeoftheinternationaltrade.ThecourseoffersvariousadvantagesovertheconventionalMBAdegreecourse.Themassiveincreaseintheinternationalbusinessandforeigntradegivesexcellentjobprospects(前景)tothenewgeneration.AcquiringadegreeofMIBoffersoutstandinggrowthofjobopportunities.ThosewhowanttopursueinthefieldofmarketingalsohaveagoodfutureaftercompletingthedegreefromareputedMIBcollege.BigmultinationalorganizationslookfortalentedpeoplewhocanhandlethejobprofileofInternationalMarketingManage，andpeoplewithMIBdegreesarepreferred.Theprofileneedsanin-depthunderstandingoftheoverseasmarkets，becauseitisthestrategicpostfromtheperspectiveofcompany’sinternationalbusinessgrowth.SincebusinessfinanceandeconomicsarecoveredatlengthinthecurriculumofMIB，studentshavegreatjoboffersinthefieldoffinanceaswell.Typically，organizationsoffertheprofileofinternationalfinancecontrollerstothosewhocompleteMIBwiththespecializationoffinance.Thespecializationcoversaspectsofinternationaltaxes，accounts，budgetingandsoon.Peopleinthisfieldarewell-paid，andgrowthprospectsareunlimited.AftercompletingdegreecoursefromareputedMIBcollege，thereisagoodscopeinthebankingandfinancesectoraswell.Internationalbanksappointpeoplewhohaveanexcellentgraspovertheinternationalbankingpolicies，currencyexchange，andinternationalpolicies.Thus，MIBisthegoldenkeytosuccesswithbrilliantjobopportunitiesinnationalandmultinationalsectors.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文?，F(xiàn)在MIB國(guó)際工商碩士課程越來(lái)越受歡迎，文章對(duì)其受歡迎的詳細(xì)緣由進(jìn)行了分析。14.Thesecondparagraphismainlydevelopedby.A.analyzingcauses B.listingfiguresC.makingcomparisons D.provingdefinition答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段第一句和最終一句可知，本段主要是通過(guò)對(duì)比MIB和MBA課程之間的區(qū)分來(lái)組織寫(xiě)作的。15.MoreandmorepeopleintendtoacquireadegreeofMIBbecause.A.itisacompulsorycourseinthecollegesB.itoffersthemconventionaleconomicknowledgeC.itoffersthemopportunitiestodosmallbusinessD.ithelpsthemgetgoodjobsinsomeorganizations答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段第四句可知，許多大型國(guó)際組織更喜愛(ài)聘用有MIB學(xué)位的人才，這才是越來(lái)越多的人學(xué)習(xí)MIB課程的主要緣由。16.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Theinternationalfinancecontrollerisahigh-qualityjob.B.Peoplegethighersalaryinbusinessfieldthaninfinancefield.C.MIBholdersaremorepromisinginallcareersthanothers.D.InternationalbanksonlyacceptemployeesfromMIBcolleges.答案A17.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.TomakeanadvertisementfortheMIBcourse.B.ToanalyzethedisadvantagesoftheMIBcourse.C.ToexplainwhytheMIBcourseisgettingpopular.D.TopredictthedevelopmenttrendoftheMIBcourse.答案C解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。依據(jù)文章第一段可知，現(xiàn)在MIB課程越來(lái)越受歡迎，本段最終一句“TherearevalidreasonsforsomuchpopularityofMIBcourse.”提出這一課程受歡迎有許多緣由，文章接下來(lái)的三段主要說(shuō)明詳細(xì)的緣由。Ⅲ.完形填空Youneverknowhowfarakindactcango.Youdon’tknowwhoitcan18either.WhenGloriaPorterandJeffReickbegan19，theyhadnoideahowmuchitwouldencourageothersto20peoplewithkindness.89-year-oldGloriaPorterwaslyinginhospital.Shecouldn’tleaveherward.Sotoescapefrom21，shewouldoftenstareoutsideherwindowtowatchconstructionworkers22thenewfrontentrancetothehospital.Shewasn’texpectingoneoftheironworkerstowavetoher.Shecouldn’thelpbutwavebackatthekind23.Thiswasonlythestartofaspecial24betweenthetwo.JeffReickknewPorterwas25，sohedecidedtosendakind26toherbyfindingsomechalkandwriting“GetWell”ononeofthebeams(梁)facingher27.“Ijustthoughtthatwas28，”P(pán)ortersaid.“SoIshoulddosomethingto29that.”WhenPortersawconstructionworkersworkinghighabovethegroundonecold，windyday，shegrew30.Shewrote“StaySafe”onap