2025年氣候和自然災(zāi)難洞察報(bào)告-怡安（AON）

Climateand

CatastropheInsight

AON

1

TableofContents

TableofContents

ExecutiveSummary3

ForewordbyGregCase,CEO,Aon5

HowThisReportHelpsOrganizationsThrive6

NaturalDisasterEventsandLossTrends8

GlobalEconomicLossesAboveAverage,

DrivenbyWeather-RelatedDisasters9

GlobalInsuredLossesExceed$145Billion

intheSixthCostliestYearonRecord15

GlobalFatalitiesAmongtheLowestin30Years23

RegionalCatastropheReview26

UnitedStates27

Americas(non-U.S.)29

EMEA(Europe,MiddleEastandAfrica)31

APAC(AsiaandPacific)33

WhatWeLearned35

AtlanticHurricanesHighlightUnderinsurance

andtheImportanceofAdaptation36

GlobalFloodEventsRevealedContrasts

inPreparednessLevel40

PopulationGrowthandUrbanization

ContinuetoDriveIncreasingLosses43

SevereConvectiveStormsandShingleRoofs:

AGrowingChallenge

46

HistoricYearforCanadian(Re)insurance

48

CriticalClimateResilienceConsiderations

forInfrastructureAssets

51

EvacuationPlanningCriticalforLimiting

HumanCasualties

53

TheLinksBetweenClimateandCatastrophes

54

2024:TheHottestYearonRecordExceeds

1.5°CabovethePre-IndustrialLevels

55

ProlongedExtremeHeatwavesIncreasingly

AffectHumanHealth

57

Observing2023–2024EventsThrough

ClimateOscillations

58

TropicalCycloneActivityin2024

60

AtlanticHurricaneSeasonEndsas

HyperactiveAfteraSlowStart

63

ClimateAttributionStudiesEmphasize

theRoleofAdaptation

65

Appendices

66

AppendixA:2024GlobalDisasters

67

AppendixB:Long-TermNaturalDisasterTrends

90

AppendixC:HistoricalNaturalDisasterEvents

92

AppendixD:GlobalTropicalCycloneActivity

102

AppendixE:UnitedStatesStormReports

103

AppendixF:GlobalEarthquakes

104

AppendixG:UnitedStatesWildfires

105

AdditionalReportDetails

106

References

107

2

EconomicLoss

$368B

14percentabovethe21stcenturyaverage

54

billion-dollareconomicloss

events,abovetheaverageof44

60%

globalprotectiongap

Totallosses

$368B

$145B

Coveredbyinsurance

InsuredLoss

$145B

54percentabovethe21stcenturyaverage

34

billion-dollarinsuredlossevents,abovetheaverageof16

78%

ofglobalinsuredlosseswererecordedintheUnitedStates

TropicalCyclone

perilwiththehighesteconomiclosses;severeconvectivestormswasthemostdamagingperilforinsurers

HurricaneHelene,CostliestEvent

243

fatalitiesinthethird-deadliestU.S.hurricaneofthe21stcentury,

causing$75billionineconomiclosses

Spain,Brazil,UAE,Vietnam

recordedtheircostliestinsuranceevents

$61B

globalinsuredlossesfromSCS,thesecond-highestonrecord

WarmestYearonRecord

1.55°C/2.79°F

temperatureanomalyin2024comparedtopre-industrialperiod(1850–1900),

markingthewarmestyearonrecord(WMO)

15

consecutivemonthsofrecord-highglobaltemperaturesbetween

July2023andAugust2024

20

countriesandterritoriesthatrecordedtheirhighesttemperatures

18,100

fatalitiesdrivenbyheatwavesandfloods,lowestsince1992

ExecutiveSummary

3

Insuredlossesreach$145billioninthesixth-costliestyearonrecordasglobaleventsshowthatadaptationanddisasterpreparednesscanmitigatedamageandlossoflifeinthecurrentandfutureclimate.

EconomicLossesWereAboveAverageDuetoWeatherDisasters

Globalnaturaldisastersin2024resultedineconomiclossesreachingatleast$368billionandwereprimarilydrivenbytropicalcyclones,severeconvectivestormsandfloods.Thesinglemostdevastatingeventwas

HurricaneHelene,whichisestimatedtohavecausedapproximately$75billionindirectdamage,mainlyduetoinlandandcoastalflooding.Globallossessurpassed$300billionfortheninthtimeinarowandwere14

percenthigherthanthelong-termaverage.Some

territoriessufferedadisproportionateimpactrelativetotheireconomicoutput,suchtheislandofMayottefromCycloneChido.

2024wastheSixth-CostliestYearforInsurers

ThecostliesteventsforinsurersweretwoAtlantic

hurricanes—HeleneandMilton—whichareexpectedtoresultinlossesofapproximately$37.5billion,

includingpublicinsurancefromtheNationalFlood

InsuranceProgram.Whiletheselossesweresubstantial,southeasternUnitedStatesavoidedtheworst-case

scenario,andtheimpactwasmanageablebythe

(re)insuranceindustry.Severeconvectivestormwasthecostliestperilforinsurers,astotalannuallossesexceeded$60billionandwerethesecond-highestonrecordafter2023.Additionally,Spain,Brazil,UAEandVietnamallrecordedtheircostliestinsuranceevents.

Theglobalprotectiongapwasrelativelylowat60percent—with40percentofdamagebeingcoveredbyinsurance.Thegaphasdecreasedfrom69percentin2023.

However,notabledifferencesbetweenregionsandperilremainedandprovidingaffordableandsustainable

insuranceproductswillbecrucialtoenhancefinancialresilienceinthefuture.

SocioeconomicFactorsContinuetoDriveLosses

Increaseinpopulation,wealthandoverallexposure

tonaturalhazardsinhigh-riskareascontinuestobe

acrucialcomponentofgrowingdisasterslosses.For

example,staggeringdevelopmentinhurricane-proneFloridaorspatialgrowthofU.S.citiesinareasregularlyaffectedbysevereconvectivestorm(SCS)activity

increasesthelikelihoodofbillion-dollardisasters.

Manyregionscontinuedtosufferfromimpactsof

inflationandothereconomicfactors.Forexample,

theincreaseinbuildingconstructioncostsseenin

Canadainrecentyears,coupledwithshortageof

skilledlaborandsupplychaindisruptions,havedrivenupthecostsofrebuildingefforts.

GlobalFatalitiesWereAmongtheLowestin30Years

Approximately18,100peoplewerekilledbynatural

disastersin2024,wellbelowaverage.Thisisconsistentwiththeoveralllong-termdeclineinthenumberof

casualtiesandechosimprovementsinearlywarnings,

weatherprediction,crisismanagementanddisasterpreparedness.Whilethisisapositivedevelopment,continuedimprovementsarestillneededevenin

countriesthatarebetterpositionedtodealwith

disastersduetotheireconomicdevelopmentlevel.

2024WastheHottestYearonRecord

Forthefirsttime,globaltemperatureanomalyin

2024exceeded1.5°Cabovethepre-industriallevels.Thisnotonlymanifesteditselfinheatwavesandrecordtemperaturesaroundtheworld,butalsoincontinuedimpactonseverityandfrequencyofvariousperils.

Thisunderscorestheneedforreliableclimatedataandanalyticstoaccuratelyassesstheimpactonpeopleandproperty.

AdaptationandDisasterPreparednessCanMitigateDamageandCreateMoreResilientCommunities

Disastersof2024providedvaluablelessonsonhow

buildingresilientinfrastructureandadaptationmeasurescanhelpreducematerialandfinancialimpactsincurrentandfutureclimate.Forexample,adherencetobuildingcodesinFloridahelpedtopartiallymitigatedamagefromHeleneandMilton.Similarly,improvedpreparedness

throughbetterwarningsystems,weatherforecastsorevacuationplanningiscrucialinreducingtheriskto

humanlives,aswasshownduringthefloodingin

CentralEuropeoreffectsoftyphoonsinthePhilippines.

ExecutiveSummary

4

Foreword

5

ForewordbyGregCase

CEO,Aon

Ithasbeenalmost20yearssinceAonpublisheditsfirstClimateandCatastrophe

Insightreport.Sincethen,alothaschangedinourunderstandingoftheforcesdrivingthecomplexityandvolatilitythatbusinessesandcommunitiestackleeveryday.

Ourresearch—andconversationswehavewithclientsand

governmentsaroundtheworld—highlightsfourmegatrends

impactingbusinessdecisionmaking:Trade,Technology,Workforceand,thefocusofthisreport,Weather.

Aon’sClimateandCatastropheInsightreporttellstwoveryimportantstoriesabouttheWeathermegatrend.First,thatweather,and

particularlyclimaterisk,canaffectalmosteveryaspectofbusinessoperationsacrosstheotherthreetrends—suchaswheretolocateanewfacilityorhowbesttoprotectemployees.Second,totacklerapidlychangingclimaterisk,the(re)insuranceindustrymust

accelerateinnovationandaccessnewformsofcapitaltorespondtoincreasingandevolvingrisks.

In2024,theworldendured$368billioninglobaleconomiclosses.

Unfortunately,60percentofthoselosseswerenotcoveredby

insurance,whichsignificantlycompromisestheabilityforcommunitiestorebuildandadaptforthefutureclimate.Wecallthisthe“protectiongap”anditmustbeclosed.

Toaddressclimaterisk—andournewnormalofextremeweatherevents—Aonisinvestingindata,technologyandnext-generationforecastingmodelstodeliverinsights.Drivenbyourcommitmenttohelpbusinessesandcommunitiesmakebetterriskandpeople

decisions,ourteamsofmodellers,dataandanalyticsexpertsand

(re)insuranceprofessionalsareusingtheseinsightstodevelopanddeliversolutionsthatbetterprotectbusinessesandvulnerablecommunities.

Parametrics,forexample,areincreasinglykeytoattractingnewformsofcapitalandarehelpingclientsmitigateuncertaintyandrecoverfasterafteranevent.Elsewhere,ourPropertyRiskAnalyzerishelpingclientsidentifyexposuresdrivenbynaturalcatastrophestodecidewhichrisksshouldberetainedortransferred.

Atthesametime,wearebuildingpartnershipstoadvanceclimate

solutionsandfurtherclosetheprotectiongap.AonisworkingwiththeInternationalFederationoftheRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties’DisasterResponseEmergencyFundtocreateaninsurancepolicythatprovidesmoreimmediatefundingwhendisasterstrikestheworld’s

poorestareas.In2024,thispolicywastriggeredbecausetheworldwashitbysomanyfloodsandlandslides.

Whenitcomestoclimaterisk,thestakescouldnotbehigher.Thedatainthisreportdeliverspowerfulinsightsthatcanhelpglobalbusinessesbecomeevenmoreresilienttoclimaterisk.Certainly,theyearaheadpresentsgreatchallengesbutalsoanopportunityforourindustrytoinnovateandcollaborateinnewwaysthatprofoundlystrengthentheglobaleconomy.

HowThisReportHelpsOrganizationsThrive

HowThisReportHelpsOrganizationsThrive

6

Weanalyzeglobalnaturalhazardstobetterinformorganizationsontheriskandhumanimpactofcatastrophesandclimate.Ourgoalistoconnectsectorsincludinginsurance,government,academia,constructionandfinanceaswecollaborativelybuildamoreresilientfuture.

Riskmanagementiskeyasweatherpatternsincreasetheseverityof

naturalcatastrophes.

Physicaldamageimpactshomes,businesses,livesandlivelihoods,highlightingtheneedforbetteradaptationstrategies.Theinsuranceindustryplaysacriticalrolebyprovidingcapitaltoreduceriskandincreaseresilience.

1.Understandtheimpactofclimaterisktobuildingsandpeopletobuildmoreresilientinfrastructuresandworkforces.

2.Ensurenaturalperilsandclimateareevaluatedandmanagedwiththesamerigorasotherriskexposures,usingtoolsandanalyticstosupportdecisionmaking.

3.Growthevolumeofsustainableinvestmentassetstoaccelerategreeninitiativesandmeetnet-zeroemissionsgoals.

4.Ensureclimaterisksareassessedforbothinfrastructureandpeopletounderstandthetotalcost.

Leadersmustproactivelyboostworkforceresilienceamidnaturalcatastropheand

climatechallenges.

Heatcanimpactworkforcesthroughhealthandsafety,wellbeing,

productivityandperformance.Thefutureofworkwillseeahigherdemandforprofessionalswithclimateskillsinconstructionandcrisismanagement,aswellasmorebusinessesusinglocationanalyticsandjobassessmentstoredeployresourcesandensureemployeesafety.

1.Evaluatethecurrentandfutureimpactsofclimaterisksonthe

workforceacrosskeyindicators,includingproductivity,healthcarecostsandtalentsupplytoadapttochangeandhelpmanagerisk.

2.Developrobustdisasterrecoveryplansandsupportserviceswithjust-in-timeemployeerelief.

3.Proactivelypreparetohelpemployeesunderstandpotentialrisks,avoiduncertaintyandimprovecommunicationduringanevent.

4.Upskillemployeeswithclimateandsustainabilityskillsandrecruitexpertsfrombeyondyoursectorwithspecialistknowledge.

Todemonstratehowwecanmakebetterdecisionstoprotectpeopleandproperty,weassesstheimpactofweather-relatedcatastrophiceventsonworkforceresilience,emergingtechnologyandtradecontinuitywithinsightsonhoworganizationscanaccelerateadaptation.

7

HowThisReportHelpsOrganizationsThrive

Focusonstrategiestomitigatetherisksclimateposestocriticaltechnology.

Naturalperilscanhaveasignificantimpactonglobaltechnology

infrastructure,supplychains,anddigitalconnectivity.Forinstance,

HurricaneSandyledtotechoutagesduetoflooding,andanearthquakeinIndonesiain2022causedinternetconnectivityproblemsbydamagingdeep-seacables.Equally,technologyplaysacrucialroleinreducingtheimpactofclimaterisks—forexample,byadoptingalternativeenergy

sourcestosupporttheincreasingenergydemandfromAIdatacentersthatenablereal-timeclimateriskassessment.

1.Evaluatetheroleofrenewableenergyanddistributedpower

generationtomanagegrowingenergydemandfromAIdatacenters.

2.Adoptadvancedanalyticstoevaluatetheexposureofcriticaltechnologyinfrastructure(datacenters,submarinecables,manufacturinglocations)toclimateevents.

3.Climate-proofcriticaltechnologyinfrastructureandsupplychainprocesses.

4.Attractalternativeformsofriskcapitalforclimateriskstoprotectcriticaltechnologyinfrastructure(parametrics,ILS).

Strengtheningsupplychainsisessentialtomitigatetheimpactofnatcatontrade.

Naturaldisastersdisrupttradebyhaltingproduction,impeding

transportationandlosingsales.Thiscancauseeconomic,operationalandreputationaldamage,aswellasalossofmarketshareand

competitiveness.Riskmanagementsolutionsincludeparametricinsurancetoprovidesupportaroundnon-physicaldamagewithtriggersaroundlossofsalesorspikesintemperature.

1.Adapttothechangingclimatewithnewformsofcapital,suchasparametric,toavoidlossofmarketshareandcompetitiveness.

2.Investinrenewableenergy,diversifysupplychains,improve

transparencyandtraceabilityandaccessnewsourcesofcapitaltoprotectyourbusinessinterests.

3.Integrateadvancedanalytics,InternetofThings(IoT),andAIintosupplychainmanagement,enhancingreal-timemonitoringandpredictivecapabilitiestomitigaterisks.

4.Climate-proofsupplychainstohelpprovidersofferincentives,suchaspremiumdiscountsandmorefavorableterms.

NaturalDisasterEventsandLossTrends

Explorelong-termtrendsandtheimpactsoftheyear’smajornaturaldisastersfromaglobalperspective

GlobalEconomicLossesAboveAverage,DrivenbyWeather-RelatedDisasters

Exhibit1:Notable2024EconomicLossEvents

NaturalDisasterEventsandLossTrends

Economiclossesfromglobalnaturaldisastersin2024areestimatedat$368billion,about14percentabovethelong-termaveragesince2000,afteradjusting

historicallossestotoday’svaluesusingtheU.S.ConsumerPriceIndex.

Distributionofdisastersontheworldmapshowsvariouspatterns.Forexample,thelargestconcentrationof

catastrophelossescanbefoundindevelopedcountries

ValenciaFloods

$16B

NotoEarthquake

$18B

HurricaneHelene

$75B

HurricaneMilton

$35B

South&CentralChinaFloods

$16B

withhigheconomicoutput,withtheUnitedStatesaloneaccountingformorethan$218billionin2024.However,lossesinemergingmarketssuchasBrazil,IndiaandChinaareaccountingforanincreasingportionoftheglobaltollduetotherapideconomicgrowthandurbanizationin

TyphoonYagi

$13B

high-riskareasinrecentyears.

●Drought

●Earthquake

●EuropeanWindstorm●Flooding

.SevereConvectiveStorm●TropicalCyclone

●Wild?re

●WinterWeather●Other

Whilelossesinsmallereconomiesmightappearnegligibleonaglobalscale,theycanhaveadisproportionately

significantimpactonnationalorregionaleconomies

relativetotheirtotaleconomicoutput.Forexample,

CycloneChidohitthesmallislandofMayotteinDecember,causingcatastrophicdamagethatmightexceedtheentireGDPoftheisland($3billion).

Themapalsodoesnotfullyillustratethedisparitybetweenfinancialandhumanimpacts.Developedcountries

Data:AonCatastropheInsight

9

generallytendtobebetterequippedtomanagedisasterconsequencesandcanreducepotentialfatalitiesthrougheffectivepreparednessanddisasterresponsestrategies.

10

Exhibit2:Top10GlobalEconomicLossEventsin2024

NaturalDisasterEventsandLossTrends

Event

HurricaneHelene

HurricaneMilton

NotoEarthquake

ValenciaFloods

South,CentralChinaFloods

TyphoonYagi

HurricaneBeryl

CentralEuropeFloods

Drought

SevereConvectiveStorm

166.4

368

U.S.,Mexico,Cuba

U.S.,Mexico

Japan

Spain

China

China,SoutheastAsia

U.S.,Caribbean,Canada

CentralEurope

UnitedStates

UnitedStates

09/25-09/28

10/08-10/11

01/01

10/27-10/30

06/09-07/14

09/01-09/09

07/01-07/11

09/12-09/16

01/01-12/31

05/06-05/10

AllOtherEvents

Totals

243

35

489

231

470

816

70

29

N/A

6

~15,700

~18,100

17.5

20.0

1.0

3.9

0.4

0.7

3.7

2.1

3.5

5.2

87.0

145

75.0

35.0

18.0

16.1

15.7

12.9

7.7

7.5

7.1

6.6

EconomicLoss(2024$B)

InsuredLoss(2024$B)

Location

Deaths

Date

HurricaneHelenebecamethecostliesteventoftheyearfromaneconomiclossperspectivewithanestimated$75billionintotaldirectdamage.WhileitimpactedFloridaasanunusuallylargeandstrongCategory4storm,landfallpointwasinarelativelysparselypopulatedareaand

majorityofthefinancialimpactwasactuallyincurredinNorthCarolinaduetowidespreadanddevastatingfloods.Heleneranksamongthe15costliestnatural

disastersgloballysince1900onaprice-inflatedbasisandamongtheeightcostliesttropicalcyclones.

Atleastfiveothereventsresultedineconomiclossesof$10billionandhigher,withthreeeventsintheAsiaPacificregion.OnlyoneSCSeventwasamongthetop10in2024,andtheMay6–10outbreakintheUnitedStatesnowranksamongthe10costliestSCSeventsonrecord(in2024U.S.dollars).

11

Exhibit3:GlobalEconomicLossesfromNaturalDisasters(2024$B)

720

NaturalDisasterEventsandLossTrends

620

466

422

410

424

397

368

360

347

365368

346

311

310

Average299

229

215

227223

182

143

149

123121

2000200220042006200820102012201420162018202020222024

Data:AonCatastropheInsight

Globaleconomiclossesfromnaturaldisastersin2024wereestimatedtoreach

atleast$368billionandexceededthe21st-centuryaverage($324billion)andmedian($329billion)onaprice-inflatedbasis.Theywereclosetothedecadalmeanandmedian($360and$354billion,respectively).Economiclossesemanatingsolelyfromweather-relateddisastersreached$348billion,whileearthquakesgeneratedlosseswellbelow

averageatapproximately$20billion.

Exhibit4:GlobalEconomicLossesbyPeril(2024$B)

2000–2023Average2000–2023Median2024

TropicalCycloneFlooding

SevereConvectiveStorm

Earthquake

Drought

WinterWeatherWild?re

EuropeanWindstormOther

Data:AonCatastropheInsight

546540

16

37

1065 0

145

90

8481

201811l6

2

0

76

41

49

40

13

9

6

1

Tropicalcyclone-relatedlosseswereestimatedtoreachatleast$145billionandwere

drivenbycostlyAtlantichurricanesHelene,Milton,BerylandDebby,aswellasbyTyphoonYagiinChinaandSoutheastAsia.Whileallimpactsassociatedwithtropicalcyclonesarebucketedinthiscategoryforthepurposesofthisanalysis,hurricane-driveninlandfloodingfromHelenealoneresultedinmorethan$45billionoflosses,makingfloodthecostliest

periloverall.

12

Exhibit5:GlobalEconomicLossesbyRegionandPeril(2024$B)

U.S.

EMEA

NaturalDisasterEventsandLossTrends

Global

$218B

$6B

$11B$18B

$51B

$145B

APAC

Americas

$81B

$74B

$25B

$20B

$368B

$84B

Data:AonCatastropheInsight

TropicalCyclone

SevereConvectiveStormFlooding

Drought

WinterWeather

Wild?re

EarthquakeOther

Morethanahalfofallglobaleconomiclossesoccurred

intheUnitedStates,followedbyAsiaPacific(APAC),Europe,theMiddleEastandAfrica(EMEA)andtheAmericas.

TropicalCycloneandSCSperilswereresponsiblefor

vastmajorityoflossesintheUnitedStates,althoughasubstantialpartofthehurricane-relatedlosswasaresultofinlandfloodandstormsurge.

FloodingwasthedominantperilinEMEAandallits

subregions,beingresponsibleformorethan$35billioninlosses.ThiswasdrivenbyeventsinSpain,CentralEurope,Germany,UnitedArabEmiratesandelsewhere.

DisasterimpactsinNorthandSouthAmerica(excludingtheUnitedStates)resultedfromadiversemixtureof

perils.ThiswasmanifestedinCanada,wherefour

majoreventsassociatedwithfourdifferentperils(flood,wildfire,hurricaneremnantsandhailstorm)struckthe

countrywithinamonth.EconomiclossesinAsiaPacificweremainlydrivenbyfloodingeventsinChina,theNotoEarthquakeinJapanandTyphoonYagiinChinaand

SoutheastAsia.

13

Exhibit6:GlobalBillion-DollarEconomicLossEvents

NumberofEventsabove$1B

69

NaturalDisasterEventsandLossTrends

64

AmericasAPAC

62

EMEAU.S.

61

57

55

54

5353

5151

Average

43

43

41

40

41

40

37

36

36

32

27

26

21

20

2000200420082012201620202024

Data:AonCatastropheInsight

NumberofEventsabove$10B

1010

9

88

8

8

7

7

7

66

6

Average

5

5

5

5

4

4

4

33

1

1

1

2000200420082012201620202024

NumberofEventsabove$20B

44

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

33

2

2

22

Average

1

1

1

1

1

1

2000200420082012201620202024

Therewereatleast54globaleventsthatresultedin

economiclossesabove$1billionin2024,whichwaswellabovetheaverageof44.Mostoftheseeventsoccurred

intheUnitedStates(31),thesecond-highestcountforthecountryafter2023(34).Pleasenotethatforthepurposesofthisexhibit,alleventsareonlycountedonce—for

example,HurricaneDebbyanditsremnantsresultedin

billion-dollarlossesinboththeUnitedStatesandCanada,butitisonlycountedhereonce,intheAmericasbucket.Theincreaseinthenumberofbillion-dollar-pluseventsislargelydrivenbytheSCSperilintheUnitedStatesandtheincreasingexposuretothisrisk.

Ontheotherhand,nohistoricalSCSeventhasyetresultedinlossesabove$20billion.Thecostliestonesofarwas

theoutbreakthatincludedtheMidwestDerechoin2020,whichiscurrentlyestimatedat$16.5billionintotallosses.Frequencyoftheeventsabovethe$20billionthresholdsince2000inmainlydrivenbytropicalcycloneperil(20),flooding(12)andearthquake(11).

14

Exhibit7:CumulativeGlobalEconomicLossesbyPeril

EconomicLosses(2024$B)CountofBillion-DollarEvents

2,296

275

NaturalDisasterEventsandLossTrends

268

TropicalCycloneFlooding

Earthquake

1,901

215

SevereConvectiveStormDrought

WinterWeatherWild?re

EuropeanWindstormOther

140

1,200

1,070

969

70

59

52

319

232

20

138

3

17

20002004200820122016202020242000200420082012201620202024

Cumulatively,tropicalcycloneremainsthecostliestperil

ofthe21stcentury,withglobalprice-inflatedlossessince2000currentlyrunningat$2.3trillion.Morethan$145

billionwasaddedinthecalendaryearof2024,inwhatwasoneofthetopfiveyears,yetwellbelowtherecordlossesof2017($404billion)and2005($312billion).Thefloodingperilfollowswithabout$1.9trillion.

Earthquake,SCSanddroughtperilsarenowresponsibleforroughly$1trillioninglobaleconomiclossessince

2000.Whilegrowthofearthquakelossesisdrivenbyrare,individualcatastrophicevents,SCSshowsaccelerating

increaseandstrongseasonality.SCSperilsnowleadinthetotalnumberofeventsabove$1billionineconomiclosses.

Data:AonCatastropheInsight

15

GlobalInsuredLossesExceed$145Billion

intheSixth-CostliestYearonRecord

Exhibit8:Notable2024InsuredLossEvents

NaturalDisasterEventsandLossTrends

Globalinsuredlossesfromnaturaldisastersin2024areestimatedat$145billion,wellabovetheshort-,medium-andlong-termaverages.Thistotalisexpectedtoevolveinto2025duetoadditionallossdevelopment.

Approximately40percentofglobaleconomiclosses

U.S.SCSOutbreaks

$54Btotal

BorisFloods

werethuscoveredbyprivateorpublicinsurance,which

一$2.1B

ValenciaFloods

$3.9B

constitutesarelativelylowglobalprotectiongapof60

SouthernGermanyFloods

$2.2B

Hurr