安徽省渦陽縣2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語試題 含解析

高一英語考生注意：1.本試卷分四部分，共8頁。滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時，請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑;非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)回答聽力部分時，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到客觀題答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhatkindofbooksdoesDoralikereading?A.Englishnovels.B.Historybooks.C.Biographies.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Dora!Whatkindofbookdoyoulike?I’mfondofhistorybooksandbiographiesofscientists.W:Theyarenotmycupoftea.IpreferEnglishnovels.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Horrible. B.Interesting. C.Boring.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Didyouenjoythemovie?Interestingorboring?W:Iwastooscared.Mostofthetime,Icouldn’tevenwatchit.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhatisTaylordoingnow?A.Typingafile.B.Havingameeting.C.Fillingoutaform.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Taylor.Wewillhaveameetingat9:00am.Youhavetocompletethisformfirst.M:OK.IwilldoitatonceafterIfinishtypingthisfile.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whywillthewomangototheboxingmatch?A.Towatchitlive.B.Toseeherfavoritesinger.C.Togettheboxer’sphoto.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Ican’twaittogototheboxingmatch.I’vebeenlookingforwardtothiseveningallweek.M:Ithoughtyouhatedboxing.W:Well,Ido.Butmyfavoritesingerisgoingtobethere.I’dliketoaskforanautographfromhim.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Patientanddoctor.B.Husbandandwife.C.Driverandpassenger.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:I’minahurry.Ihavetohelpafriendwhoisfeelingsick.Here’sheraddress.M:Takeiteasy,madam.It’snotfarfromhere.Fastenyourbeltfirst.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.ThepopularityofEnglish.B.Attitudestowardlearningforeignlanguages.C.Thestudypressureonstudents.7.Whatpercentageofpeopleareforcedtolearnaforeignlanguage?A.21%. B.27%. C.35%【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【詳解】W:Ireadareportonthepeoplewhocanuseaforeignlanguage,mainlyEnglish.M:Really?What’sitabout?W:It’smainlyaboutthedifferentattitudespeoplehavetowardstheforeignlanguagelearning.About27%ofthepeoplethinkaforeignlanguageisamustintheirdailylife.M:Ican’tagreemore.Therearemoreandmorepeoplelearningforeignlanguages.W:That’strue.About35%ofthepeoplearelearningorwillingtolearnaforeignlanguage.M:AsfarasI’mconcerned,manypeople,especiallystudents,areforcedtodosobecauseofexams.W:Yes.Thataccountsfor21%.Therearealsoabout15%ofthepeoplewhotakeforeignlanguagestobeuselessandtheytakenointerestinthematall.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatisthemandoing?A.Attendingalecture.B.Hostingaprogram.C.Holdingaconference.9.WhatdoesSusanfocuson?A.Caraccidents.B.Sicknessandhealth.C.Children’ssafetyathome.10.Whichaccidenthappensmostathome?A.Cuts.B.Burns.C.Brokenbones.【答案】8.B9.C10.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodafternoon.WelcometoourTVprogramGoodHome.MyguesttodayisSusanBrown,acollegeprofessorwhoworksonchildren’ssafetyinthehome.W:Hello,everyone!I’mSusan.M:Susan!Manypeoplethinkthathomeisthesafestplaceforchildren!W:Well,yes.Buttherearealsounexpecteddangersathome!M:Canyoutellussomethingaboutthat?W:Sure.Manyaccidentshappenathome,suchasbrokenbones,cutsandbums.Andourstudyshowsthechanceofgettingbrokenbonesisthehighestamongallhomeaccidents.M:So,howtokeepsafeisthemostimportantlifeskillthatchildrenneedtolearnfromanearlyage.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inahospital. B.Inagym. C.Inapark.12.WhathappenedtoMollyyesterday?A.Shefelloffthebed.B.Shehadtroublebreathing.C.Shealmostdiedofheartdisease.13.WhatannoysMollymost?A.StoppingdrinkingCoke.B.Givingupfriedchips.C.Gettingupearly.【答案】11.C12.B13.C【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Molly.Whatareyoudoinghere?W:Can’tyouseethatI’mrunning?M:Ofcourse.ButIneversawyouintheparkat6o’clockinthemorning.Youneverexercised,didyou?W:Well,I’vedecidedtomakeachange.M:Why?W:Iwasreadingbooksathomeyesterday.WhenIgotuptogetsomethingtodrink,Ihadtroublebreathing.Althoughthediscomfortwentawaysoon,Iwasscared,soIwenttothedoctorimmediately.M:Wasthereanythingwrong?W:HesaidIwoulddieofheartdiseaseifIkepttheformerlifestyle.M:Sowhatwasthedoctor’sadvice?W:Haveabalanceddietandtakemoreexercise.Thus,IhavetosaygoodbyetomyfavoritefriedchipsandCoke,butwhatannoysmemostisthatIhavetoleavemywarmbedatsuchanearlytimewhileothersarestillhavingdreams.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobecome?A.Ascientist. B.Alawyer. C.Ateacher.15.Whywillthewomangobacktoherhometown?A.Tocontinueherstudies.B.Tothankherteacher.C.Topracticelaw.16.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutEnglish?A.It’susefulinmanyways.B.It’samustforherjob.C.It’sarequiredcourse.17.Whatisthekeypointtothewoman’scareerdecision?A.Herownqualities.B.HerexcellentEnglish.C.Herteacher’sencouragement.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.A【解析】【原文】M:Whatjobareyougoingtotakeinthefuture?W:Iwanttobecomealawyer.Actually,I’vealreadymadepreparationsforit.IbeganmystudieslastSeptemberinauniversity.M:Whatareyougoingtodowhenyoufinish?W:I’llgobacktomyhometownandpracticesometimethere.M:IsEnglishamustinyourjob?W:No,butlearningtospeakEnglishwillbeusefulinmanyways.M:Whatmadeyoudecidetotakeuplawasacareer?W:IamgoodatlogicandIhaveacertainfeelingforthiscareer.Besides,myteacherencouragedmeandsaidIhadagiftforlaw.Butitismypersonalqualitiesthatmademechooselaw.M:Wishyousuccess!W:Thankyou.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】18.Whoisthespeaker?A.Ateacher.B.Aneditor.C.Astudent.19.Whatisnecessaryforavolunteer?A.Communicationskills.B.Highscores.C.Experience.20.Whatisthebestreasonfortakingthejob?A.Tolearntowrite.B.Togetrich.C.Tohavefun.【答案】18.B19.B20.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello!I’mHarvardSmith.AstheeditorofTheVoice,I’dliketointroduceyoutoourschooldailynewspaper.Weneedvolunteerstohelpuswithournewspaper.Experienceisn’tabsolutelynecessary.Butweneedpeoplewithwritingandtypingskills.SinceTheVoicecomesoutfivedaysaweek,weneedexcellentstudentswhoknowhowtoplantheirtimewell.Goodgradesarenecessary.Wecanpayyou,dependingonyourwork.Butdon’texpecttogetrich.Thisisn’tsomethingyoudoforthemoney.Mostlyit’sjustforfun.Anyonewhoisinterestedinthisjobshouldspeaktomeimmediatelyafterthismeeting.Bepreparedtostartrightnow.Thefirstissuegoestopresstomorrow.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMUIRBEACHCLEAN-UPHelpprotectMuirBeachbyjoiningusatamonthlybeachclean-up!Volunteerswillenjoybeautifuloceanviewswhiletheyremovelitteranddebris(碎片),protectnativehabitats,andhelpreduceoceandebris.Thisisafunfamily-friendlyvolunteeropportunity,volunteersofallagesarewelcome.When:SecondThursdayofthemonth,9:30am—12:30pm.Where:MuirBeachparkinglot.Registrationisrequired.Supplies:Weinvitevolunteerstobringtheirownreusablesupplies!Limitwastebybringingyourownbagandgloves(手套)ifyouhavethem—butdon’tworryifyoudon’t,we’llhavesomesuppliesonsiteforyoutouse.Age,Skills,WhattoBring·Volunteersages10anduparewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelines(PDF)foryouthundertheageof15.·BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm(PDF).Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.·We’llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Longpants(褲)arerequired.·Bringraincoatifnecessary.·Bringapersonalwaterbottleandsunscreen.·Noexperiencenecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.TheGoldenGateNationalParksVolunteerProgramisacooperativeparkwideeffortoftheGoldenGateNationalParksConservancy,theNationalParkService,andthePresidioTrust.21.Whatistheaimoftheevent?A.TopromotetourismatMuirBeach.BTocleanupandconserveMuirBeach.C.Toorganizeafamilypicnicatthebeach.D.Totrainvolunteersforenvironmentalprojects.22.Whatdoweknowabouttools?A.Volunteersmustbringtheirowntools.B.Toolsarenotnecessaryforvolunteering.C.Onlysingle-usetoolsareavailableonsite.D.Volunteersareencouragedtobringreusableones.23.Whatarethevolunteersexpectedtodo?A.Getexperiencebeforecoming.B.Wearthickclothestokeepwarm.C.SigntheVolunteerAgreementForm.D.MakeuptheYouthPolicyGuidelines.【答案】21.B22.D23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一篇“繆爾海灘清理”項目的宣傳廣告，號召志愿者積極加入到保護(hù)繆爾海灘的活動中來?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“HelpprotectMuirBeachbyjoiningusatamonthlybeachclean-up!(加入我們每月一次的海灘清理活動，幫助保護(hù)繆爾海灘！)”可知，這個活動的目的是清理和保護(hù)繆爾海灘。故選B。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Supplies”部分“Weinvitevolunteerstobringtheirownreusablesupplies!Limitwastebybringingyourownbagandgloves(手套)ifyouhavethem—butdon’tworryifyoudon’t,we’llhavesomesuppliesonsiteforyoutouse.(我們邀請志愿者自帶可重復(fù)使用的物品！如果你有包和手套，請自備，以減少浪費。如果你沒有，也不要擔(dān)心，我們會在現(xiàn)場為你準(zhǔn)備一些用品。)”和可知，活動鼓勵志愿者攜帶可循環(huán)使用的工具。故選D。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Age,Skills,WhattoBring”部分中的“BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm(PDF).Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.(帶上填妥的義工協(xié)議書（PDF）。18歲以下的志愿者必須在家長/監(jiān)護(hù)人同意部分簽字。)”可知，志愿者應(yīng)該簽署義工協(xié)議書。故選C。BInmytwenties,IbeganmycareerinTupperware.IearnedmyTupperwaresamplekit(樣品套裝)andboughtadatebook,readytofillinalltheTupperwarepartiesIwasgoingtohold.Asmydatebookbegantofill,IbecameaTupperwaremanager,leadingandtrainingateamoffiftygirls.IfoundIhadnotimeformyself.IwasmissingeventswithmychildrenbecauseIwassobookedupwithTupperwarepartiesandtrainings.WheneverIfoundagapinmyschedule,Iaddedsomethingtoit,asanysuccessfulpersonwoulddo.Mypersonallifewassuffering,though.WhenIbookedapartyonmydaughter’sbirthday,IknewIhadtodosomethingfast.Iwasreadytoquit.Imetwithmytrainer,andthefirstthingsheaskedwastoseemydatebook.“Well,nowonder,”shesaid.“Youhavenolilypads.”“Whatisalilypad?”Iasked.“Theyareme-timespacesyoublockoutinyourdayorweek.Spacesinyourweekthatyoumovetooneaftertheotherforrelieffromyourbusyschedule.”Ithoughtafulldatebookmademelooksuccessful,andthatpeoplewanttodobusinesswithsuccessfulpeople.Mylilypadsweremychildren’sevents,birthdays,andlunchwithmymomorafriend.Istartedtowritedownitemsinmydatebook,noting“LilyP.”andthetime.IhadbeensoafraidtoturndownapartyortrainingopportunitywithoneofmyTupperwaredealers,butIfoundthatwhentheysawthatthetimetheywantedwasalreadybooked,theywerefinewithturningtoanothertimethatIofferedthem.Mylilypadsweremysecretmetimeandtheywereeasytoprotect.24.Whatdidtheauthordependontoimproveherperformance?A.Thedatabase. B.Tupperwareparties.C.Tupperwaresamplekit. D.Professionalknowledge.25.Whatadvicedidthetrainergiveher?A.Quitherjobimmediately. B.Schedulepersonaltimeregularly.C.Focusmoreontrainingotherdealers. D.IncreasethenumberofTupperwareparties.26.Whichofthefollowingmightbetheauthor’s“LilyP.”?A.Familygatherings. B.Businessmeetings. C.Trainingactivities. D.Importantevents.27.WhyaretheTupperwaredealersmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toprovecustomerscomefirst. B.ToadvertiseforTupperwareproducts.C.Toshowpersonaltimeiseasytoprotect. D.Tosharehowtobecomeasuccessfulsalesperson.【答案】24.B25.B26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。講述了作者從兼職銷售特百惠產(chǎn)品開始，逐漸發(fā)展成為團(tuán)隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的過程，以及在這個過程中如何意識到需要保護(hù)個人和家庭的特殊時間，學(xué)會了合理安排時間，并學(xué)會了用“LilyP.”（即“蓮葉”時間，用于個人放松和家庭活動）來平衡工作與生活的故事。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“IearnedmyTupperwaresamplekit(樣品套裝)andboughtadatebook,readytofillinalltheTupperwarepartiesIwasgoingtohold.(我拿到了我的特百惠樣品包，買了一本記事本，準(zhǔn)備填寫我要舉辦的所有特百惠聚會。)”以及第二段“Asmydatebookbegantofill,IbecameaTupperwaremanager,leadingandtrainingateamoffiftygirls.(當(dāng)我的日程排得滿滿的時候，我成了特百惠的經(jīng)理，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并培訓(xùn)了一個由50名女孩組成的團(tuán)隊。)”可知，作者依靠特百惠聚會來提高她的表現(xiàn)。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Imetwithmytrainer,andthefirstthingsheaskedwastoseemydatebook.“Well,nowonder,”shesaid.“Youhavenolilypads.”“Whatisalilypad?”Iasked.“Theyareme-timespacesyoublockoutinyourdayorweek.Spacesinyourweekthatyoumovetooneaftertheotherforrelieffromyourbusyschedule.”(我見了我的培訓(xùn)師，她首先要求看我的日程表?！半y怪，”她說，“你沒有給自己留’Lilypad’的時間?！疞ilypad’是什么?”我問?！八鼈兪悄忝刻旎蛎恐転樽约侯A(yù)留的空閑時間。在你忙碌的日程中，這些時間是你可以一個接一個地利用，以獲得放松的時間。”)”可知，培訓(xùn)師建議她要定期安排個人時間，即“Lilypad”時間，以從忙碌的日程中獲得放松。故選B。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Mylilypadsweremychildren’sevents,birthdays,andlunchwithmymomorafriend.(我的lilypads是我孩子們的活動，生日，和我媽媽或朋友的午餐。)”可知，家庭聚會是作者的“LilyP.”。故選A。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“IhadbeensoafraidtoturndownapartyortrainingopportunitywithoneofmyTupperwaredealers,butIfoundthatwhentheysawthatthetimetheywantedwasalreadybooked,theywerefinewithturningtoanothertimethatIofferedthem.Mylilypadsweremysecretmetimeandtheywereeasytoprotect.(我曾經(jīng)非常害怕拒絕我的一個特百惠經(jīng)銷商的聚會或培訓(xùn)機(jī)會，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們看到他們想要的時間已經(jīng)被預(yù)訂時，他們會很好地轉(zhuǎn)向我提供給他們的另一個時間。我的lilypads是我的秘密時間，它們很容易保護(hù)。)”可知，最后一段提到了特百惠的經(jīng)銷商是為了顯示個人時間容易保護(hù)。故選C。CDogshavebeenhumans’bestfriendsforthousandsofyears,andtheirabilitytounderstandusgoesmorethanjustfollowingorders.Dogsarereallygoodatunderstandinghowhumansfeel.They’velearnedtopickuponwordsandfacialexpressionsfromhumans.Arecentstudyhasshownthatdogscanactuallysmellhumanstressandrespond(反應(yīng))toitinwaysthatsuggestacloserelationshipwithushumans.Thisinterestingdiscoverythrowslightonhowdeeplycloseourliveshavebecomewithourdogfriends.So,candogsreallysmellstress?Theanswerisyes!ResearchersattheUniversityofBristoldidastudywheretheyfoundthatdogscansensestressthroughachemicalcalledcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)inoursweat.Thisabilityallowsthemtorespondemotionallytohumanstress.Inthestudy,18volunteersandtheirdogstookpart.Thesevolunteerswentthroughpublicspeakingandtooktestsofsolvingdifficultmathproblemswithoutanypreparation.Theirworrymademorecortisolappearintheirsweat.Whenthedogssmelledthisstressedsweat,theyfeltlesscuriousandshowedlessinterestinafoodbowlinanuncertainposition,asiftheythoughttherewasnofoodinthosebowls.Itseemsthatdogscanreallyfeelthestressofhumansandtheirownfeelingscanbeaffected,too.Thisshowsthathumansanddogshaveaverydeepconnection,whereemotionscanspreadbetweenuslikeawave.Thenhowdiddogsdevelopsuchabilitytosensestress?Well,itmightbebecausesensingstresshelpeddogssurviveinthepast.Iftheycouldtellwhenanothermemberoftheirgroupwasworriedandstressed,theyknewtheymightbeatrisk.AsZoeParr-Cortes,leadstudyauthorandaPh.D.studentatBristolVeterinarySchool,said,“Beingabletosensestressfromanothermemberofthepackwaslikelybeneficial.”28.Whatabilityofdogsisfocusedoninparagraph1?A.Followingordersfromtheirmasters.B.Recognizinghumanstressbysmelling.CBeingabletolearnhumanlanguage.D.Understandingpeople’sexpressions.29.Whydidvolunteersinthestudyfeelstressed?A.Theyweretestedonmath.B.Theyhadtospeakinpublic.C.Theywereseparatedfromtheirdogs.D.Theywereunpreparedforthetasks.30.Howdidthedogsreactwhensmellingstressedsweat?A.Theygotmorecuriousaboutfood.BTheybecamemoreexcitedaboutthetests.C.Theyexpressedconcernabouttheirowner’sstress.D.Theystartedtohelptheirownerssolvingmathproblems.31.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thesurvivalstrategyofdogs.B.Thebenefitsofsensingstress.C.Theoriginofdogs’stress-sensingability.D.Thelonghistoryofdogshelpingeachother.【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了狗能通過嗅覺感知人類壓力的能力，以及這項能力是如何發(fā)展的?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Arecentstudyhasshownthatdogscanactuallysmellhumanstressandrespond(反應(yīng))toitinwaysthatsuggestacloserelationshipwithushumans.(最近的一項研究表明，狗實際上能聞到人類的壓力，并以一種表明與我們?nèi)祟愑忻芮嘘P(guān)系的方式對其作出反應(yīng)。)”可知，第一段主要關(guān)注的是狗通過嗅覺識別人類壓力的能力。故選B項?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inthestudy,18volunteersandtheirdogstookpart.Thesevolunteerswentthroughpublicspeakingandtooktestsofsolvingdifficultmathproblemswithoutanypreparation.Theirworrymademorecortisolappearintheirsweat.(在這項研究中，18名志愿者和他們的狗參加了研究。這些志愿者在沒有任何準(zhǔn)備的情況下進(jìn)行了公開演講和解決數(shù)學(xué)難題的測試。他們的焦慮使他們的汗液中出現(xiàn)更多的皮質(zhì)醇。)”可知，研究中的志愿者感到壓力是因為他們對任務(wù)沒有準(zhǔn)備。故選D項。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whenthedogssmelledthisstressedsweat,theyfeltlesscuriousandshowedlessinterestinafoodbowlinanuncertainposition,asiftheythoughttherewasnofoodinthosebowls.Itseemsthatdogscanreallyfeelthestressofhumansandtheirownfeelingscanbeaffected,too.(當(dāng)狗聞到這種緊張的汗水時，它們的好奇心降低了，對位置不確定的碗也不那么感興趣了，就好像它們認(rèn)為碗里沒有食物一樣。似乎狗真的能感受到人類的壓力，它們自己的感受也會受到影響。)”可知，當(dāng)狗聞到壓力下的汗液時，它們能感受到主人的壓力，自己的感受也會受到影響，對主人的壓力表現(xiàn)出擔(dān)憂。故選C項。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thenhowdiddogsdevelopsuchabilitytosensestress?Well,itmightbebecausesensingstresshelpeddogssurviveinthepast.(那么狗是如何發(fā)展出這種感知壓力的能力的呢?嗯，這可能是因為在過去，感知壓力有助于狗的生存。)”和下文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了狗感知壓力能力的起源。故選C項。DBeforetheInternetage,criticalthinkingwasthemostimportantskillofpeople.Butinthedigitalage,accordingtoAnastasiaKozyreva,afamouspsychologist,amoreimportantskilliscriticalignoring(批判性忽略).Asresearcherspointout,weliveinanattentioneconomywherecontentproducersontheInternetcom-peteforourattention.Theyattractuswithmanyeye-catchingstorieswhileprovidinglittleusefulinformation,sotheycanofferusadvertisementsproducingprofit.Sowearenotcustomersbutproducts,andeachconnectionweclickisasaleofourtimeandattention.Toprotectourselvesfromthis,Kozyrevacallsonustolearntheskillofcriticalignoring,inwhichreaderscancontroltheirinformationenvironmenttoreduceexposuretofalseinformation.AccordingtoKozyreva,criticalignoringincludesthreestrategies.Thefirstistodesignourenvironments,whichincludesremovinglow-qualityyethard-to-resist(難以抵制的)informationfromaround.Successfuldietersneedtokeepunhealthyfoodoutoftheirhomes.Similarly,weneedtosetupadigitalenvironmentwhereattention-catchingitemsarekeptoutofsight:Likedieting,ifonetriestodependonwillpowernottoclickeye-catching“news”,he’llsurelyfail.So,it’sbettertokeepthemoutofsightatfirst!Thenextistojudgethereliability(可靠)ofinformation,whosepurposeistoprotectyoufromfalsein-formation.Itcanberealizedbycheckingthesourceinthemainstream,whichcanbereliable.Thelastis:“neverfeedthetrolls.”Trollsaresomepeoplewhospreadfalseinformationonlinetocauseharm.Donotcorrectthem,becausetheydonotcareaboutwhethertheinformationiscorrect.Annoyingothersistheirgoal.So,ignoretheirbadbehaviour.Byusingtheabovecriticalignoringskills,wecanmakethemostoftheInternetwhileavoidingbeingharmedbythosewhotrytocontrolourattention,time,andminds.32.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“wearenotcustomersbutproducts”?A.Weproducecontentforprofit. B.Wearepersuadedtomakeadvertisements.C.Wearebeingusedtomakemoney. D.Wecontroltheinformationflow.33.Whatdoestheword“exposure”meaninthecontextofthepassage?A.Display. B.Experience.C.Contact. D.Advertisement.34.Howisthefirststrategyexplained?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Bydescribingascene.C.Bylistingdetailedsteps. D.Byprovidingscientificideas.35.Whatdoweknowaboutthetrolls?A.Theyintendnogood. B.Theycareabouthonesty.C.Theyrefusetoannoyothers. D.Theyignorebadbehaviour.【答案】32.C33.C34.A35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代人們面臨的信息過載問題，并介紹了心理學(xué)家AnastasiaKozyreva提出的“批判性忽略”技能。文章指出，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)中，內(nèi)容生產(chǎn)者競相吸引我們的注意，而批判性忽略則能幫助我們控制信息環(huán)境，減少接觸到虛假信息。Kozyreva提出了三種批判性忽略的策略：設(shè)計環(huán)境、判斷信息可靠性和“不喂食巨魔”，即忽略網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的惡意傳播者?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Sowearenotcustomersbutproducts,andeachconnectionweclickisasaleofourtimeandattention.(所以我們不是顧客而是產(chǎn)品，我們點擊的每一個鏈接都是在銷售我們的時間和注意力)”可知，作者的意思是我們在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上點擊鏈接時，我們的時間和注意力被出售，成為了廣告商的產(chǎn)品，而不是作為消費者去選擇廣告。因此，選項C“我們被用來賺錢”正確表達(dá)了作者的意思。故選C?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Sowearenotcustomersbutproducts,andeachconnectionweclickisasaleofourtimeandattention.(所以我們不是顧客而是產(chǎn)品，我們點擊的每一個連接都是在銷售我們的時間和注意力)”以及劃線詞上文“readerscancontroltheirinformationenvironmenttoreduce(讀者可以控制他們的信息環(huán)境來減少……)”以及后文“falseinformation(虛假信息)”可知，讀者可以控制自己的信息環(huán)境以減少對虛假信息的“接觸”。故“exposure”意思是“接觸”。故選C。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Successfuldietersneedtokeepunhealthyfoodoutoftheirhomes.(成功的節(jié)食者需要讓不健康的食物遠(yuǎn)離他們的家)”可知，作者舉了節(jié)食的例子，通過將設(shè)計數(shù)字環(huán)境與減肥做比較來解釋第一種策略。故選A。【35題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Trollsaresomepeoplewhospreadfalseinformationonlinetocauseharm.(噴子是一些在網(wǎng)上傳播虛假信息以造成傷害的人)”可知，trolls是指在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播虛假信息以造成傷害的人。因此，他們意圖不善。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5，滿分12.5)閱讀下面短文從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Authorswriteformanyreasons.____36____Dependingondifferentpurposes,authorsmaychoosedifferentwritingstyles.Thoughtherearemanyreasonstowrite,topersuade,toinformandtoentertainrepresentthethreemostcommoncategories(種類)ofwritingpurposes.Mostwritingpurposescanbegroupedintothesethreecategories.____37____Thismightmeantheauthorwantsreaderstothinkorevenactinaspecificway.Anytextthatpresentsacertainviewpointorcallsforactionisapersuasive(說服性的)writing.Examplesofthiskindofwritingincludetextsofadvertisements,speechesandcommercials.Thesecondmajortypeofwritingpurposeistoinform,thatistosay,providingreaderswithinformationaboutatopic.____38____Thethirdmajortypeofwritingpurposeistoentertain(娛樂).____39____Authorswhowritetoentertainhavethegoaloftellingastoryordescribingrealorimaginarycharacters,placesandevents.Manyliteraryworksfallintothiscategory.Inconclusion,writingpurposesvarywidelybutoftenfallintothreecategories:topersuade,toinform,andtoentertain.____40____A.Peoplealwaysreadforfun.B.Thesearecalledwritinggoals.C.Thisoftenmeanschangingreaders’minds.D.Thesereasonsarecalledwritingpurposes.E.Topersuadeisthefirstmajortypeofwritingpurpose.F.Understandingthesepurposeshelpsreadersappreciatedifferenttypesofwritingbetter.G.Examplesofsuchtextsincludetextbooks,cookbooks,instructionsandencyclopedias.【答案】36.D37.E38.G39.A40.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要討論了作者寫作的各種原因或目的，并將其歸納為三類：說服、告知和娛樂。文章詳細(xì)解釋了這三類寫作目的的特點和例子，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了理解這些寫作目的對于欣賞不同類型寫作的重要性。【36題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Authorswriteformanyreasons.(作者寫作有很多原因)”可知，上文指出作者寫作的原因有很多。設(shè)空處后則提到“Dependingondifferentpurposes,authorsmaychoosedifferentwritingstyles.(根據(jù)不同的目的，作者可能會選擇不同的寫作風(fēng)格)”說明作者會根據(jù)不同的目的選擇不同的寫作風(fēng)格。D選項“Thesereasonsarecalledwritingpurposes.(這些原因被稱為寫作目的)”中的“thesereasons”指的是上句中的“manyreasons”，而“writingpurposes”則與下文“thethreemostcommoncategoriesofwritingpurposes”相呼應(yīng)，故選D。【37題詳解】設(shè)空處位于一段的開頭，通常用于引出該段的主題。根據(jù)后文“Thismightmeantheauthorwantsreaderstothinkorevenactinaspecificway.(這可能意味著作者希望讀者以一種特定的方式思考甚至行動)”以及“Anytextthatpresentsacertainviewpointorcallsforactionisapersuasive(說服性的)writing.(任何提出某種觀點或呼吁采取行動的文章都是有說服力的文章)”可知，該段主要討論的是說服性寫作。E選項“說服是第一種主要的寫作目的”直接點明了該段的主題，即說服是寫作目的的第一大類，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thesecondmajortypeofwritingpurposeistoinform,thatistosay,providingreaderswithinformationaboutatopic.(第二種主要的寫作目的是告知，也就是說，為讀者提供有關(guān)主題的信息)”可知，上文說明告知性寫作是寫作目的的第二種主要類型，旨在向讀者提供關(guān)于某個主題的信息。G選項“此類文本的例子包括教科書、烹飪書、使用說明和百科全書”提供了告知性寫作的具體例子，如教科書、烹飪書、說明書和百科全書等，故選G?！?9題詳解】設(shè)空處前講了“娛樂”是寫作第三類目的，根據(jù)后文“Authorswhowritetoentertainhavethegoaloftellingastoryordescribingrealorimaginarycharacters,placesandevents.Manyliteraryworksfallintothiscategory.(為娛樂而寫作的作者的目標(biāo)是講故事或描述真實或想象的人物、地點和事件。許多文學(xué)作品都屬于這一類)”可知，后文講了作者通過講述故事或描述真實或虛構(gòu)的人物、地點和事件來娛樂讀者。A選項“人們總是為了樂趣而閱讀”指出人們讀這類文章是為了娛樂，符合語境。故選A?！?0題詳解】空處位于段末，應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文“Inconclusion,writingpurposesvarywidelybutoftenfallintothreecategories:topersuade,toinform,andtoentertain.(總之，寫作的目的各不相同，但通常分為三類：說服、告知和娛樂)”推知，空處陳述理解寫作目的的好處。F選項“理解這些目的有助于讀者更好地欣賞不同類型的作品”指出理解這些寫作目的有助于讀者更好地欣賞不同類型的寫作，符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A，B，C，D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenPeterKeatingtookofffromthestartingline,itwastherealizationofadream.Keating,a31-year-oldamputee(截肢者),rana(n)____41____timeof3:25:02attheBostonMarathon,____42____himthirdplace.Whiletheprizemoneyisnice,the____43____Keatingfeelsismoresignificant.“Justtobeacknowledged(認(rèn)可)asanadaptiveathletewhocanneverrunasfastasanormalperson,inotherwords,stilltobe____44____fortheireffortsintheirownarea,”hesaid.In2017,onhiswaytowork,Keatingstoppedto____45____amanwhowasinacarcrash.Momentslater,Keatinggot____46____.That’swhenanothercar____47____themstraighton.Hehadtogethislegbelowthekneeamputated.Overthepastthreeyears,hehasrecordedhis____48____progressthroughvideos.Oneofthevideos,which____49____Keatingafterhefinishedrunsonhisrunningblade(跑刀),broughthimtotears.Keatingsaidoneofhisnextgoalsistoworkhardto____50____apara-athletedivision(殘奧運(yùn)動員組別)forthemarathonintheOlympics.Ifthathappens,Keatingbelieveshecouldgeta(n)____51____ontheU.S.team.Inthemeantime,hehopeshis____52____andhisjourneyinspireothersinthelong____53____.“Foreverybodywhoisoutthere____54____somethingthat’sphysicaldisabilities,thereislife,”hesaid.“Lifedoesn’t____55____withadisability.”41.A.creative B.impressive C.suitable D.important42.A.lending B.expecting C.earning D.promising43.A.pride B.potential C.courage D.relaxation44.A.accepted B.recognized C.comforted D.evaluated45.A.connect B.interview C.cure D.help46.A.annoyed B.controlled C.injured D.excited47.A.hit B.face C.pass D.attack48.A