福建省寧德市部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省寧德市部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdothespeakersneedtobuy?A.Afewchairs. B.Adinnertable. C.Afridge.【答案】A【原文】M:Let’sgotothedepartmentstoretobuysomethingforournewkitchen.W:Whatdoyouthinkweneedtobuy?M:We’vegotafridgeandadinnertablealready.Weneedsomechairs.2.Whatistheman?A.AChineseteacherinaschool.B.AChineseteacherinauniversity.C.AnEnglishteacherinauniversity.【答案】C【原文】W:DoyouteachChineseinamiddleschool?M:No.IteachEnglishinauniversity.W:Oh,IthoughtyouwereaChineseteacher.3.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Athome. C.Inanoffice.【答案】C【原文】W:OK,timetogohome.M:Ican’t.Ihaven’tfinishedthereportaboutthenewlyopenrestaurant.W:Well,ifyoucarryonworkinglikethat,you’llmakeyourselfill.4.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Adriver. B.Asalesperson. C.Adoctor.【答案】B【原文】M:Hello,ABCmarket?Doyouhaveanyfreshstrawberries?W:CanIputyouonholdwhileIgoandseeifwehaveanyleft?M:Sure.Thanks.5.Whatwasthemandoingwhentheaccidenttookplace?A.Hewasridinghisbike.B.Hewasdrivingthecar.C.Hewassittingonthebus.【答案】A【原文】W:Iheardyouhadacaraccident,John.AreyouOK?M:Actually,Iwasridingmybike.Abuspulledoutinfrontofme.W:Ohmydear!It’sagoodthinghestoppedintime.M:Yes,fortunatelyhedid,butIfelloffmybikeinshockandhurtmyankle.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatdoesthewomanadvisetheboytodo?A.Havearestathome.B.Gotothenearestclinic.C.Callthedoctorrightaway.7.Whydoestheboyrefusetoseethedoctortoday?A.Hedislikesseeingdoctors.B.Hewantstotakethetest.C.Hedidn’tmaketheappointment.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】M:Mum,Idon’tfeeltoowelltoday.W:Oh,dear.Tellmewhatiswrong.M:Ihaveadrythroatandmyheadhurts.W:Youmusthaveacold.Yourheadfeelshot.Ithinkyouhadbetterstayhomefromschooltoday,andIwillmakeanappointmentwithDrWhite.Hisclinicisnearourhome.M:Oh,no!I’mafraidIhavenotimetoseethedoctor.Ihaveanimportanttesttoday.Ican’tmissit,Mum.AndtomorrowisSaturday.Ipromisetogotomorrow.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.What’stheman’smajor?A.French. B.Chinese. C.English.9.Whichisarequirementforthisjob?A.Studyingabroad.B.Workingwithchildren.C.Workinginatrainingcenter.10.Whenwillthemanbeoffwork?A.OnMondays. B.OnSaturdays. C.OnSundays.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【原文】M:Hi,I’mAlbert.Ireadinthenewspaperthatyou’relookingforalanguageassistant.W:Yes,weare.What’syourmajor?M:I’mstudyingEnglishandI’llgraduatenextsummer.W:OK.Haveyoueverworkedwithchildrenbefore?M:Yes.Ionceworkedpart-timeinalanguagetrainingcenter.Iloveworkingwithchildren.W:Good.Ifyoudecidetotakethejob,I’llexplainwhattodo.M:HowmanyhourswouldIwork?W:12hoursaweek.From4pmto6pm,TuesdaythroughSunday.M:OK,I’lltakethejob.W:Fine.Pleasefilloutthisform.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.Whatdoesthebandcareabout?A.Theschool. B.Theenvironment. C.Thesociety.12.Whoplaysthekeyboardintheband?A.Lucy. B.Alice. C.Ivan.13.What’sthewoman’sattitudetojoiningtheband?A.Positive. B.Uncertain. C.Indifferent.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】W:Ihearyou’restartingaband,Ben.M:That’sright.TheGreenGuards—that’sourname.W:Howdidyouchoosethatname?M:Well,itwasIvan’ssisterAlicewhocameupwithit.Shesaidweshouldchoosesomethingenvironmentaltoshowthatwecareabouttheenvironment.Andwearegoingtowritesomesongsabouttheenvironment.W:IguessyousingandIvanplaystheguitar.M:No,Ivanisn’tplayingtheguitaranymore.Heprefersthekeyboard.W:Whoelseisintheband?M:ThereisLucyandshe’sreallycool.Butwedidn’thaveaviolinist.Isupposeifweknowsomeonewhoplaystheviolin,wewillbeinterested.Doyouknowsomeone?W:Yes,me!Ihavebeenplayingtheviolinforhalfayear.M:OK.Comealongtoournextpractice.It’safterschoolonWednesdayinthemusicroom.W:Cool!I’llbethere.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.WhatkindofpersonisSusan?A.Shy. B.Unfriendly. C.Outgoing.15.HowisAnnagettingalongwithSusan?A.Justokay. B.Ratherbadly. C.Verywell.16.Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.PlaywithAnna.B.MakeSusanfeelproud.C.TrytogetonwithSusan.【答案】14.A15.C16.C【原文】M:Anna,doyouknowSusan?W:Yeah,Iknowher.Wehadafewclassestogetherlastterm.Whydoyouask?M:Idon’tthinkshelikesme.Sheseemskindofproud.Shenevertalkstome.W:Oh,I’msureshelikesyou.Iusedtothinkshedidn’tlikeme,too.M:Really?W:Yeah.Ithoughtshewasunfriendly,butitturnsoutthatsheisactuallyjustnotoutgoing.Sheisonthequietside,butsheisveryhumorous.M:Sowhatyou’resayingisthatyoureallylikeher.W:Yeah,Ido.Onceshefeltcomfortablewithme,sheopenedup.Wegetalonggreatnow.M:That’sgoodtoknow.I’lltryalittlehardertotalktoher.W:It’sgreat.I’msureyouwillbegoodfriends.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.Howlongwilltheexhibitionbeheld?A.Abouthalfamonth.B.Aboutonemonth.C.Abouttwomonths.18.Whatwillbeondisplayintheexhibition?A.Footballs. B.Clothes. C.Oilpaintings.19.WhatisLowry?A.Astudent. B.Anartist. C.Aticketseller.20.Whatisamustforastudenttobuytheticket?A.Astudentcard. B.Atelephone. C.Somerecentworks.【答案】17.B18.C19.B20.A【原文】M:Hello,everyone.Goodnewsforourstudentswhoareinterestedinarts.There’sanexhibitionfromNovember15toDecember16,9amto7pm,butitclosesonMondaysduringthetime.Some30oilpaintingsonpaperbyBritishartist,L.S.Lowry,willbeondisplayattheartbuildingofourcollege.It’sthefirst-everexhibitionoftheartist’sworksinourcollege.LowryisoneofBritain’smostfamousartists,andisacloseobserveroftheUK’ssociallife.Hisworksmainlyshowordinarypeopleonstreets,infactories,parksandfootballfields.IthasbeensaidthatthepicturesdrawnbyLowryarefilledwithanatmosphereofsadnessandloneliness,butalsowithrespectandasenseofhumor.Theadmissionisfree,butyouhavetogetaticketwithyourstudentcardatthefrontdeskoftheartbuilding.Ifyouforgettogetit,youcan’tgointoit.Pleasecall025-8349-8693fordetails.Thankyou.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHereareagroupofeverydaypeoplewhosawproblems,andnowtheirsolutionsaremakingtheworldabetterplace.RonDavisAlvarezRonDavisAlvarez,aproductofVenezuela’sElSistema,aprogramofferingfreeclassicalmusictrainingtodisadvantagedchildren,foundedtheDreamOrchestrainSweden.Thisorchestrabringstogetherover400peoplefrommorethan25nationalities,rangingfrom3to56yearsold,includingimmigrants,refugees,second-generationimmigrants,andnativeSwedes.Alvarez’sinitiativeusesmusicasatoolforintegration,friendship,self-expression,andrebuildingself-esteemamongrefugees.PaytonMcGriffPaytonMcGriff,duringhersenioryearattheUniversityofIdaho,foundedStyleHerEmpowered(SHE)afterrealizingthescoringcostofschooluniformsformanygirlsinTogo.SHEbeganbyhiringlocalseamstressestomakeuniformsfor65girlsandevolvedtocreatea“growing”uniformthatadjuststofitagirlforuptothreeyears.Today,SHEsupports1,500girlsannuallywithfreeuniforms,schoolfees,supplies,tutoring,andmore,whilealsoprovidingemploymentandeducationopportunitiesforthewomeninvolved.RachelRutterImmigrationlawyerRachelRutterrecognizedthemultifacetedneedsofunaccompaniedmigrantchildren,beyondlegalstatus,includingstablehousing,meals,andmentalhealthsupport.Inresponse,sheestablishedProjectLibertad,whichoffersfreelegalrepresentation,essentialservices,andnewcomersupportprogramstoimmigrantyouth.YamiléeToussaintYamiléeToussaintcombinedherloveformathanddancetocreateSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)FromDance,anonprofitthatintegratesdancewithSTEMeducationtoengagegirlsofcolor.Recognizingtheunderrepresentationofblackwomeninherengineeringfield,ToussaintaimedtoinspiregirlsofcolorinSTEM.TheprogramoperatesinnineUScities,offeringfreeschoolandsummerprogramsthatblenddanceroutineswithSTEMelements,benefitingover2,000girlstodate.21.WhomaybenefitmostfromDreamOrchestra?A.Famousmusicians.B.ImmigrantstoSweden.C.Disadvantagedchildren.D.Classicalmusiccomposers.22.WhatdidSHEinitiallydoinTogo?A.Itoffereduniformsforgirls.B.Itfundeduniformsandfees.C.Itdesignedteachingmethods.D.Itprovidedhousingandmeals.23.Whocombinesacademiclearningwiththearts?A.RonDavisAlvarez.B.PaytonMcGriff.C.RachelRutter.D.YamiléeToussaint.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四位普通人的創(chuàng)新努力及其對(duì)社會(huì)的積極影響。【21題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)RonDavisAlvarez部分中“RonDavisAlvarez,aproductofVenezuela’sElSistema,aprogramofferingfreeclassicalmusictrainingtodisadvantagedchildren,foundedtheDreamOrchestrainSweden.Thisorchestrabringstogetherover400peoplefrommorethan25nationalities,rangingfrom3to56yearsold,includingimmigrants,refugees,second-generationimmigrants,andnativeSwedes.(RonDavisAlvarez是委內(nèi)瑞拉ElSistema項(xiàng)目的受益者，該項(xiàng)目為弱勢(shì)兒童提供免費(fèi)的古典音樂培訓(xùn)。他在瑞典創(chuàng)立了DreamOrchestra。這個(gè)樂團(tuán)匯集了來自25多個(gè)國家的400多人，年齡從3歲到56歲不等，包括移民、難民、第二代移民和瑞典本地人。)”可知，移民到瑞典的人可能從DreamOrchestra中受益。故選B。【22題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PaytonMcGriff部分中“PaytonMcGriff,duringhersenioryearattheUniversityofIdaho,foundedStyleHerEmpowered(SHE)afterrealizingthescoringcostofschooluniformsformanygirlsinTogo.SHEbeganbyhiringlocalseamstressestomakeuniformsfor65girlsandevolvedtocreatea“growing”uniformthatadjuststofitagirlforuptothreeyears.(PaytonMcGriff在愛達(dá)荷大學(xué)讀大四時(shí)，意識(shí)到多哥許多女孩承擔(dān)不起昂貴的校服費(fèi)用，于是創(chuàng)立了StyleHerEmpowered(簡(jiǎn)稱SHE)。SHE最初聘請(qǐng)當(dāng)?shù)夭每p為65名女孩制作校服，后來發(fā)展出一種“可調(diào)節(jié)”的校服，這種校服可以調(diào)整尺寸，適合女孩穿三年。)”可知，SHE在成立之初為多哥的女生制作校服。故選A。【23題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YamiléeToussaint部分中“YamiléeToussaintcombinedherloveformathanddancetocreateSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)FromDance,anonprofitthatintegratesdancewithSTEMeducationtoengagegirlsofcolor.(YamiléeToussaint將她對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)和舞蹈的熱愛結(jié)合起來，創(chuàng)建了STEMFromDance非營利組織，該組織將舞蹈與STEM教育相結(jié)合，吸引有色人種女孩參與。)”可知，YamiléeToussaint將學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)與藝術(shù)融為一體。故選D。BFromScotlandtoCornwall,anorganic,regenerativecollectiveoftheUKfarmersislookingtopairupwithsustainablebusinessesthatneedaccesstolandandtools.PitchUp!wasfoundedin2021byTimMay,ofKingsclereEstatesfarminHampshire.Itoffersland,resourcesandexpertisetobusinesseswithbigideasforsustainableprojects—inotherwords,“nogear(設(shè)備),alltheideas”.Theideaistoreplicatenature’s“closedloop”system,withwastebeingreusedtocreateathrivingcircularfarmingcommunity.“Ourgoalistohaveadiversemixofenterprisesalloperatingofftheland—usingeachother’sby-productsorwaste,andsharingknowledge,equipmentandexperience,”saysMay.“Naturethrivesondiversity;italsofuelseconomicresilience,helpscreateaclosed-loopsystem,andbuildsstrongerruralcommunities.Asfarmers,wehaveanabundanceoflandandnaturalresources,andwewanttosharethoseresourcesandbringmorepeopleontotheland.”PitchUp!hasalreadyhelpedtolaunchahandfulofbusinesses.BalcaskieEstatecovers2,000hectaresoflandinFife,Scotland,andhashostedmarkets,abutchery,andpopupsbyScotlandTheBread,anorganisationthatworkstogetmorepeopleeatingbetterbread.RosieJack,Balcaskie’sbusinessdevelopmentmanager,says,“Weknowthatthere’sarealdemandforrurallandsoourmessageis,‘Wehaveland,comeanduseit!’Wereallydowelcomeapproachesfrombusinessesofallshapesandsizes.”Thisyear,thePitchUp!farmingcollectiveiskeentohearfromentrepreneurswhowanttousepastureland,organicmilk,oatsandgrain,animalhides,woad,woolandevenhedgerowsforforaging.“Wearelookingforsustainablebusinessesatallstagesofthebusinesslifecycle,butparticularlythosethathaveanideaofhowtheycanfitintothecircularsystemsinplaceataPitchUp!farm,”saysMay.“Itmightbeacheesemakerforexample,whocanaddvaluebyusingtheorganicmilkfromthemobiledairybusinesshere.”24.WhatdoesPitchUp!offertosustainablebusinesses?A.Organicfood. B.Farmingresources.C.Moneyandstaff. D.Toolsandworkers.25.What’sMay’svisionforPitchUp!?A.Asinglebigcompany.B.Morelandforfarming.C.Onlyeco-friendlyfarms.D.Variousbusinessesworkingtogether.26.WhywasBalcaskieEstatementionedinthetext?A.Forsellingland.B.Duetoprogramfailure.C.Forbreadpromotion.D.AsasuccessfulcaseofPitchUp!27.WhatdoesMaywanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Cooperationexpectation.B.Theimportanceofcircularsystems.C.Ademandforacheesemaker.D.ValueofPitchUp!【答案】24.B25.D26.D27.A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國一個(gè)名為PitchUp!的有機(jī)再生農(nóng)業(yè)集體，它為可持續(xù)發(fā)展企業(yè)提供土地等資源，旨在打造多元化合作的循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)社區(qū)，并已取得一定成果?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“FromScotlandtoCornwall,anorganic,regenerativecollectiveoftheUKfarmersislookingtopairupwithsustainablebusinessesthatneedaccesstolandandtools.PitchUp!wasfoundedin2021byTimMay,ofKingsclereEstatesfarminHampshire.Itoffersland,resourcesandexpertisetobusinesseswithbigideasforsustainableprojects—inotherwords,‘nogear,alltheideas’.(從蘇格蘭到康沃爾，一個(gè)由英國農(nóng)民組成的有機(jī)、可再生的集體正在尋求與需要土地和工具的可持續(xù)企業(yè)合作。PitchUp!由漢普郡kingsereEstates農(nóng)場(chǎng)的蒂姆·梅于2021年創(chuàng)立。它為那些對(duì)可持續(xù)項(xiàng)目有宏大想法的企業(yè)提供土地、資源和專業(yè)知識(shí)——換句話說，‘沒有設(shè)備，只有想法’)”可知，PitchUp!為可持續(xù)發(fā)展企業(yè)提供農(nóng)業(yè)資源。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中May的話“Ourgoalistohaveadiversemixofenterprisesalloperatingofftheland—usingeachother’sbyproductsorwaste,andsharingknowledge,equipmentandexperience(我們的目標(biāo)是讓各種各樣的企業(yè)都在這片土地上運(yùn)營——利用彼此的副產(chǎn)品或廢棄物，分享知識(shí)、設(shè)備和經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，May對(duì)PitchUp!的愿景是讓各種企業(yè)共同合作。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“PitchUp!hasalreadyhelpedtolaunchahandfulofbusinesses.BalcaskieEstatecovers2,hectaresoflandinFife,Scotland,andhashostedmarkets,abutchery,andpopupsbyScotlandTheBread,anorganisationthatworkstogetmorepeopleeatingbetterbread.(PitchUp!已經(jīng)幫助創(chuàng)辦了一些企業(yè)。BalcaskieEstate位于蘇格蘭法夫郡，占地2公頃，這里舉辦過市場(chǎng)活動(dòng)、有一家肉鋪，還有致力于讓更多人吃上優(yōu)質(zhì)面包的組織ScotlandTheBread舉辦的快閃活動(dòng))”可知，提到BalcaskieEstate是作為PitchUp!成功幫助企業(yè)發(fā)展的一個(gè)案例。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中May的話“Wearelookingforsustainablebusinessesatallstagesofthebusinesslifecycle,butparticularlythosethathaveanideaofhowtheycanfitintothecircularsystemsinplaceataPitchUp!farm(我們正在尋找處于企業(yè)生命周期各個(gè)階段的可持續(xù)發(fā)展企業(yè)，特別是那些知道如何融入PitchUp!農(nóng)場(chǎng)現(xiàn)有循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的企業(yè))”可推知，May在傳達(dá)對(duì)合作的期待。故選A項(xiàng)。CScientistshavefoundatrigger(誘因)forsociallearninginwildanimals.Anexperimentongreattits(大山雀)haspinpointedasinglefactor—immigration—thatcancausebirdstopaycloseattentiontoothers,leadingthemtorapidlyadoptusefulbehaviors.Thestudy,conductedbyscientistsfromtheMaxPlanckInstituteofAnimalBehavior(MPI-AB)inGermany,isthefirsttoprovideexperimentalsupportofalong-heldassumptionthatimmigrantsshouldstrategicallyusesociallearning.Bycopyingthebehaviorsofothers,animalscanpotentiallyunlockresources.SoChimento,apostdoctoralresearcherattheMPI-AB,wantedtoknowiftherewasaningredientthatwouldboostsociallearning,allowinganimalstomoreefficientlyrealizeitsrewards.Usinganautomatedpuzzleboxsystemtheydeveloped,theteamdesignedanexperimenttotestthisimmigrationhypothesis.Theycreatedexperimentalsocialgroupsofwild-caughtgreattits.Eachgroupwasprovidedwitha“tutor”whichwastrainedtoaccessfoodfromapuzzleboxbyeitherpushingthedoorleftorright,sothattheirflockmateslearnedtopreferusingonesolutionoveranother.Nextcametheimmigrationevent.Right-pushingbirdsweretransferredintoaviarieswhereresidentbirdswereusingtheleft-handsolution,andviceversa(反之亦然).Notonlydidimmigrantsseethatresidentswereopeningthepuzzleboxinanewway,butinsomegroups,thenewcomersalsodiscoveredthatresidentsscoredasuperiorrewardbydoingso.What’simportantisthattheimmigrantswereblindtothefactthatthefoodrewardhadchanged.Immigrantscouldonlyknowsomethingchangedbyeitherwatchingtheresidentsusethepuzzle,orbytryingtheothersidethemselves.“Innature,animalsareoftenmovingfromoneenvironmenttoanother,soit’shelpfultohaveastrategytoremovebadbehaviorsandlearngoodbehaviorstouseinthenewplace.Ourstudyprovidedtheexperimentalevidencetoshowthatthisisalsowhathappensinreallife,”Chimentosaid.28.Whichofthefollowingmightmakegreattitscopyothers?A.Findingshelters. B.Movingplaces.C.Losingdirection. D.Makingfriends.29.Whatisthe“tutor”’sroleintheexperiment?A.Toprovidefood. B.Toassessbehaviors.C.Tomodelabehavior. D.Tomeasureintelligence.30.Whatdidtheexperimentrevealabouttheimmigrants?A.Theyignoredtheresidents’methods.B.Theyknewtherewardchangeinadvance.C.Theyobservedboththemethodandrewards.D.Theywereindifferenttotheresidents’behaviors.31.Howcansociallearningbenefitimmigrants?A.Byavoidinghuntersinthenewarea.B.Byfindingmorefoodandwaterresources.C.Byincreasingcompetitionwithotheranimals.D.Byhelpingthemadaptmorequicklytonewenvironments.【答案】28.B29.C30.C31.D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，大山雀在移民到新環(huán)境時(shí)會(huì)通過觀察和模仿當(dāng)?shù)伉B類行為，快速學(xué)習(xí)并適應(yīng)新環(huán)境中的有效覓食策略，這為動(dòng)物社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)理論提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Anexperimentongreattits(大山雀)haspinpointedasinglefactor—immigration—thatcancausebirdstopaycloseattentiontoothers,leadingthemtorapidlyadoptusefulbehaviors.(對(duì)大山雀進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)確地指出了一個(gè)單一因素——移民——這一因素能讓鳥類更加關(guān)注其他個(gè)體，從而迅速采用有用的行為)”可知，遷移可以讓鳥類密切關(guān)注其他鳥類，從而讓它們迅速采取有用的行動(dòng)，即模仿其他鳥類的行為，也就是說大山雀會(huì)因?yàn)檫w徙這一因素而去模仿其他鳥類。故選B?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theycreatedexperimentalsocialgroupsofwild-caughtgreattits.Eachgroupwasprovidedwitha“tutor”whichwastrainedtoaccessfoodfromapuzzleboxbyeitherpushingthedoorleftorright,sothattheirflockmateslearnedtopreferusingonesolutionoveranother.(他們創(chuàng)建了由野生捕獲的大山雀組成的實(shí)驗(yàn)性社交小組。每個(gè)小組都配備了一位“導(dǎo)師”，這些導(dǎo)師被訓(xùn)練通過向左或向右推門來從謎箱中獲取食物，從而使它們的群體伙伴學(xué)會(huì)更傾向于使用某一種解決方案)”可知，“導(dǎo)師”是經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練以特定方式打開謎箱獲取食物的鳥，目的是讓它們的群體伙伴學(xué)習(xí)并偏好使用某一種解決方案，由此可知，“導(dǎo)師”的角色是示范行為。故選C。【30題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Notonlydidimmigrantsseethatresidentswereopeningthepuzzleboxinanewway,butinsomegroups,thenewcomersalsodiscoveredthatresidentsscoredasuperiorrewardbydoingso.(遷移過來的大山雀不僅看到大鳥籠里的大山雀用新的方式打開謎盒，而且在一些小組中，遷移過來的大山雀還發(fā)現(xiàn)大鳥籠里的大山雀這樣做會(huì)獲得更高的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))”可知，這些遷移過來的大山雀觀察到的既有打開謎盒的方法又有打開謎盒的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Innature,animalsareoftenmovingfromoneenvironmenttoanother,soit’shelpfultohaveastrategytoremovebadbehaviorsandlearngoodbehaviorstouseinthenewplace.Ourstudyprovidedtheexperimentalevidencetoshowthatthisisalsowhathappensinreallife,”Chimentosaid.(“在自然界中，動(dòng)物經(jīng)常從一個(gè)環(huán)境遷移到另一個(gè)環(huán)境，因此有一套策略來摒棄不良行為并學(xué)習(xí)可以在新環(huán)境中使用的好行為是非常有幫助的。我們的研究提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)，表明這實(shí)際上也是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中發(fā)生的情況，”Chimento說道)”可知，社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)可以幫助新來的動(dòng)物更快地適應(yīng)新環(huán)境，去除不良行為并學(xué)習(xí)好的行為，即社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)有利于遷移者更快地適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。故選D。DMoretimespentsitting,recliningorlyingdownduringthedaymayincreasetheriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease(CVD)anddeath,accordingtoastudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Morethanroughly10-and-a-halfhoursofsedentary(久坐的)behaviorperdaywassignificantlylinkedwithfutureheartfailure(HF)andCVDdeath,evenamongpeoplemeetingrecommendedlevelsofexercise.“Ourfindingssupportcuttingbackonsedentarytimetoreducecardiovascularrisk,with10.5hoursadaymarkingapotentiallykeythresholdtiedtohigherheartfailureandcardiovascularmortality,”saidShaanKhurshid,MD,MPH,acardiologistattheMassachusettsGeneralHospital.“Toomuchsittingorlyingdowncanbeharmfulforhearthealth,evenforthosewhoareactive.”ThisstudyexaminedtheamountofsedentarytimeatwhichCVDriskisgreatestandexploredhowsedentarybehaviorandphysicalactivitytogetherimpactthechancesofatrialfibrillation(心房顫動(dòng))(AF),HF,myocardialinfarction(心肌梗死)(MI)andCVDdeath.Amongthe89,530studyparticipantsoftheUKBiobank,participantssubmitteddatafromawrist-worntriaxialaccelerometerthatcapturedmovementoversevendays.Theaveragesedentarytimeperdaywas9.4hours.Afteranaveragefollow-upofeightyears,3,638individualsdevelopedincidentAF;1,854developedincidentHF;1,610developedindecentMI;846diedofCVDcauses.Forstudyparticipantswhomettherecommended150minutesofmoderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivityormore,theeffectsofsedentarybehavioronAFandMIrisksweresubstantiallyreduced,buteffectsonhigherriskofHFandCVDmortalityremainedprominent.“Thisstudyaddstothegrowingevidenceofastronglinkbetweensedentarybehaviorandcardiovascularhealth,”saidKhurshid.“Thefindingsstronglysuggestthatweneedtogetpeoplemovingtopromotebetterhealth.Futureguidelinesandpublichealtheffortsshouldstresstheimportanceofcuttingdownonsedentarytime.Avoidingmorethan10.6hoursperdaymaybearealisticminimaltargetforbetterhearthealth.”32.Whatriskdoesthestudymentionforthosewhositmore?A.Obesity. B.Recognitionloss.C.Heartproblems. D.Physicaldisability.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“threshold”meaninparagraph2?A.Dimension. B.Limitation.C.Reputation. D.Discipline.34.WhatdoesKhurshidthinkofthecurrentguidelines?A.Theyneedimproving.B.Theyareofnomeaning.C.Theystressphysicalactivity.D.Theycutdownsedentarytime.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ActiveLifestylesProtectAgainstSedentaryRisksB.SedentaryBehaviorsUnder10.5HoursAreSafeforHeartC.ExerciseAloneFailstoFightAgainstHeartDiseaseRisksD.SedentaryLifestylesThreatenHeartHealthDespiteExercise【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，研究表明每天久坐超過大約10.5小時(shí)會(huì)顯著增加患心血管疾病和死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即使有運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣也不能完全抵消這一影響?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Moretimespentsitting,recliningorlyingdownduringthedaymayincreasetheriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease(CVD)anddeath,accordingtoastudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Morethanroughly10-and-a-halfhoursofsedentary(久坐的)behaviorperdaywassignificantlylinkedwithfutureheartfailure(HF)andCVDdeath,evenamongpeoplemeetingrecommendedlevelsofexercise.(根據(jù)《美國心臟病學(xué)會(huì)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究，白天花費(fèi)更多時(shí)間坐著、躺著或倚靠可能會(huì)增加患心血管疾病（CVD）和死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。即使達(dá)到建議的運(yùn)動(dòng)量，每天久坐行為超過大約10個(gè)半小時(shí)也與未來心力衰竭（HF）和心血管死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增加有關(guān)。)”可知，人們坐得久了會(huì)有心臟方面的問題。故選C?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ourfindingssupportcuttingbackonsedentarytimetoreducecardiovascularrisk,with10.5hoursadaymarkingapotentiallykeythresholdtiedtohigherheartfailureandcardiovascularmortality(我們的研究結(jié)果表明，減少久坐時(shí)間可以降低心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，每天久坐10.5小時(shí)是一個(gè)可能的關(guān)鍵threshold，與心力衰竭和心血管死亡率升高有關(guān)。久坐或久躺對(duì)心臟健康有害，即使對(duì)于那些活躍的人來說也是如此。)”可知，每天10.5小時(shí)是一個(gè)潛在的關(guān)鍵閾值，久坐超過這個(gè)時(shí)間限度會(huì)導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)心力衰竭和死于心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升。因此，10.5小時(shí)是一個(gè)界限，threshold的意思是“界限，限度”，與選項(xiàng)B“Limitation(限度)”意思相符。故選B?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thefindingsstronglysuggestthatweneedtogetpeoplemovingtopromotebetterhealth.Futureguidelinesandpublichealtheffortsshouldstresstheimportanceofcuttingdownonsedentarytime.Avoidingmorethan10.6hoursperdaymaybearealisticminimaltargetforbetterhearthealth.(研究結(jié)果強(qiáng)烈表明，我們需要讓人們動(dòng)起來以促進(jìn)更好的健康。未來的指南和公共衛(wèi)生工作應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)減少久坐時(shí)間的重要性。為了避免對(duì)心臟健康產(chǎn)生不良影響，每天久坐時(shí)間不超過10.6小時(shí)可能是一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的最低目標(biāo)。)”可知，Khurshid認(rèn)為未來的指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則和公共衛(wèi)生工作應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)減少久坐時(shí)間的重要性。這意味著當(dāng)前的指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則需要改進(jìn)。故選A?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Moretimespentsitting,recliningorlyingdownduringthedaymayincreasetheriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease(CVD)anddeath,accordingtoastudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Morethanroughly10-and-a-halfhoursofsedentary(久坐的)behaviorperdaywassignificantlylinkedwithfutureheartfailure(HF)andCVDdeath,evenamongpeoplemeetingrecommendedlevelsofexercise.(根據(jù)《美國心臟病學(xué)會(huì)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究，白天花費(fèi)更多時(shí)間坐著、躺著或倚靠可能會(huì)增加患心血管疾病（CVD）和死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。即使達(dá)到建議的運(yùn)動(dòng)量，每天久坐行為超過大約10個(gè)半小時(shí)也與未來心力衰竭（HF）和心血管死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增加有關(guān)。)”可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，研究表明每天久坐超過大約10.5小時(shí)會(huì)顯著增加患心血管疾病和死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即使有運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣也不能完全抵消這一影響。選項(xiàng)D“SedentaryLifestylesThreatenHeartHealthDespiteExercise(久坐的生活方式即使加上運(yùn)動(dòng)也對(duì)心臟健康構(gòu)成威脅)”符合題意。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Nutritioniscomplexinnature,andthiscomplexityisoftenusedtopromoteideasthatsimplyaren’ttrue.Unqualifiedadvicecanbeharmfulandfilledwithmisinformation—especiallyonsocialmedia.____36____.Myth1:SkippingmealswillhelpyouloseweightquickerActually,theoppositemaybetrue.Whenyouskipmeals,yourbodyenters“fastingmode”whichcanslowdownyourmetabolism(新陳代謝)toconserveenergy.____37____,makingiteasiertostoreenergyasfat,ratherthanburningit.Tosupportweightloss,it’sbettertoeatthreetofoursmallandbalancedmealsaday.Myth2:Youneedtoeatproteinimmediatelyafteraworkout____38____.Ifyou’reexercisinghard,youmayneedtoincreaseyouroverallfoodintaketomeetyouradditionalenergyrequirements(ifyou’renotlookingtoloseweight,ofcourse).Researchshowsthatthebesttimeformusclerepairandnutrientabsorptioncanlastforuptosixhourspost-exercise.Ifyoufocusonproperrecoveryinsteadoffoodintake,you’llbouncebackfasterandbeabletotrainharderinyournextsession.Myth3:____39____Eatinglateatnightwon’tautomaticallyleadtoweightgain,whichdependsonyouroverallcaloriebalance.However,it’snotagoodideatoeattoomuchbeforebedbecauseyourdigestionmaystruggleifyouliedownwithafullstomach.Besides,ourmetabolicrateistypicallyfasterinthemorningandslowerintheevening.Ideally,it’srecommendedthatwespreadfoodintakethroughouttheday.____40____.Keepinmindthatthebestdietistheonethatpromotesvarietyinnutrients,addsenjoyment,andcaneasilybesustained.A.Don’teattoomuchatnightB.EatingbeforebedwillmakeyougainweightC.YouneedtoburnmorecaloriestoprocessitD.Aslowermetabolismmeansthatyou’renotburningenergyefficientlyE.Contrarytooldbeliefs,youdon’tneedtotakeinproteinrightafterexercisingF.Readontosortfactfrom