Fard完整版本課件

FardAldousHuxleyAldousHuxleyEnglishwriter1894-1963Bestknownforhisnovels,poetry,essays,philosophy,andtravelwritingahumanistandpacifistinsomeacademiccircles,aleaderofmodernthoughtandanintellectualofthehighestrankMajorworksNovels:BraveNewWorldEyelessInGazaPointCounterPointTravelWriting:BeyondtheMexiqueBayEssays:GrayEminenceQuestions1.IsitthefirsttimeMonsieurandMadamequarrel?2.WhatkindoflifehasSophiebeenliving?Issheingoodhealth?3.HowdoesMadamelooklike?4.Forwhatreasondothecouplequarrel?5.HowdoesMadametreatSophie?6.Whatisthesymbolicmeaningofthetitle?CharactersMonsieurwealthybutnotgood-lookingromanticbutblindinchoosinglifepartnereducatedbutemotional(losinghistemper)CharactersSophieoldanddisagreeableobedientoppressedandmiserable

CharactersMadameGood-looking&Self-centeredVanity-admiring/HypocriticalOppressiveIdle/LazyCruelthemesFalseness&VanityOppression&exploitationNewWordsIndignantangryOminousforeshadowingevilSquabbleargueoverpettythingsHeedpaycloseattentiontoAmorousinclinedtowardordisplayingloveEnervatedlackingstrengthorvigorGrotesqueabnormalandhideousNewWordsGrimaceacontortedfacialexpressionWobblemovesidewaysorinanunsteadywayDodderwalkunsteadilyShuddertrembleasfromfearorexcitementAggrievedcausetofeelsorrow,annoyedMarquisnoblemanCathedralRaymondCarverauthorAmericanshort-storywriterandpoet1938-1988PUTYOURSELFINMYSHOES(1974),firstcollectionofshortstoriesWILLYOUPLEASEBEQUIET,PLEASE?(1976),establishedhisreputationandintroducedhiscentralthemesStylethequietdesperationofthewhite-andblue-collarworkers,salesmen,waitresses,andtheirsenseofbetrayalandunablenesstoexpressthemselves.Thingsarefrequentlyleftunspokenandconflictsunresolved,andthemeaningofthestoryisonlyrevealedthroughimplications.oftenplacedintherealistictraditionofStephenCraneandErnestHemingwayanditspost-modernversion,calledminimalism(簡約派）.QuestionsTrytodescribetherelationamong“me”,“my”wife,Robertandtheofficer.2.TrytoshowyourideaaboutRobertandhiswifeafteryoureadtheirstoryinPara4,P10.Whatis“my”feelingafterIknewthat?3.Whatisthesymbolicmeaningof“Cathedral”asthetopic?PlotSummaryThestory’snarratorinformsthereadersthatafriendofhiswife’s,amanwhohappenstobeblind,isonhiswaytovisit.Thenarratorisnotenthusiasticaboutthevisitbecauseblindpeoplemakethenarratoruncomfortable,mainlybecausethenarratorhasnorealexperiencewiththeblind.Inadditiontohisuneasinesswiththeblind,thenarratorisuncomfortablewithhiswife’srelationshipwiththeblindman.ThewifeandRobert,theblindman,havemaintainedacloserelationshipviataperecordingsmailedbackandforth,andthenarratorfindsthisunsettling.Despitethenarrator’sfeelingsaboutthevisit,Robertshowsup,andthethreeofthemdinetogether,andRobertandthenarratorgettoknoweachother.Characters

TheNarratorTheunnamednarratorofthestoryisinsecure,close-minded,andlackscommunicationskillsatthebeginningofthestory.

jealousofhiswife'sfriendshipwiththeblindman.Heisunhappyinhisworkandisolatedfromothers.Accordingtohiswife,hehasnofriends.Characters

Roberttheblindman,along-timefriendofthenarrator’swife.maintainedacloserelationshipwiththenarrator’swifepatient,kindmanwell-traveledandwell-educatedpleasantandoutgoingCharacters

TheWifeThenarrator’swife,whoisalsounnamed,playsasecondaryroleintheactionofthestory,sinceshefallsasleepwhileherhusbandandRoberttalk.Readersaregivensomeofthewife’sbackground,learningthatshewasmarriedbefore,hasattemptedsuicide,andhastroublecommunicatingwithherhusband.ThemeIgnorancethroughthefirstpersonnarrator’sjourneyfrominsecuritytoopenness.Thenarratorbeginsasclose-mindedandfearfulofwhathedoesnotunderstand;asthestoryprogresses,hebeginstohavehiseyesopened,ironicallywiththehelpofablindman.alienationandlonelinessTheDifferencebetweenLookingandSeeingSymbolsThecathedralthatthenarratordrawswithRobertrepresentstruesight,theabilitytoseebeyondthesurfacetothetruemeaningthatlieswithin.Beforethenarratordrawsthecathedral,hisworldissimple:hecansee,andRobertcannot.Butwhenheattemptstodescribethecathedralthat’sshownontelevision,herealizeshedoesn’thavethewordstodoso.Moreimportant,hedecidesthatthereasonhecan’tfindthosewordsisthatthecathedralhasnomeaningforhimandtellsRobertthathedoesn’tbelieveinanything.However,whenhetakesthetimetodrawthecathedral—toreallythinkaboutitandseeitinhismind’seye—hefindshimselfpulledin,addingdetailsandpeopletomakethepicturecompleteandevendrawingsomeofitwithhiseyesclosed.Whenthedrawingisfinished,thenarratorkeepshiseyesshut,yetwhatheseesisgreaterthananythinghe’severseenwithhiseyesopen.Carverisn’tspecificaboutexactlywhatthenarratorrealizes,butthenarratorsayshe“didn’tfeellikehewasinsideanything”—hehasaweightless,placelessfeelingthatsuggestshe’sreachedanepiphany.Justasacathedraloffersaplaceforthereligioustoworshipandfindsolace,thenarrator’sdrawingofacathedralhasopenedadoorforhimintoadeeperplaceinhisownworld,wherehecanseebeyondwhatisimmediatelyvisible.Audiotapes

TheaudiotapesthatRobertandthenarrator’swifesendbackandforthtoeachotherrepresentthekindofunderstandingandempathythathasnothingtodowithsight.ThenarratorbelievesthatRobert’swife,Beulah,musthavesufferedbecauseRobertcouldneverseeher,butinhisownway,thenarratorhasnevertrulyseenhisownwife.Robert’srelationshipwiththenarrator’swifeismuchdeeperthananythingthenarratorcanunderstand.WhenhehearsabitofRobert’stape,hesaysitsoundsonlylike“harmlesschitchat,”notrealizingthatthissortofintimatecommunicationisexactlywhathisownmarriagelacks.OnlywhenthenarratorcloseshiseyestofinishdrawingthecathedraldoesheapproachthelevelofunderstandingthathiswifeandRoberthaveachievedthroughtheirtapedcorrespondence."Cathedral,"likemanyofCarver'sotherstories,portraysindividualsisolatedfromeachotherforavarietyofreasons.Thenarratordrinkstoomuchandseemsunabletoadequatelycommunicatewithhiswife.Thewifehasearliertriedtocommitsuicidebecauseofloneliness.Onlytheblindman,Robert,seemsabletoformlastinghumanconnections.UnlikeCarver'sotherstories,however,"Cathedral"endswithhope;althoughthereisnoproofthatthenarratorwillovercomehisisolation,forthemoment,heisincommunionwithhimselfandanotherhumanbeing.SymbolicMeaningAttheendof“Cathedral,”thenarratorhasalife-changingmoment,oranepiphany,whiletryingtotellRobertwhatacathedrallookslike.Thenarrator,whenfirsttryingtoexplainwhatthecathedrallookslike,strugglesforthewords.However,uponRobert’s