河南省漯河市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省漯河市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASince2005,theBeverleyPuppet(木偶)Festivalhaswelcomedthousandsofaudiencememberstoexperiencetheuniqueandcolorfulworldofpuppetry.Thefestivalwelcomesover10,000visitorsayearandneedspeoplelikeyoutokeepfestivalgoersinhighspiritsandassistwiththisaward-winningevent.Whetheryou’relookingtogainworkexperience,seekingacreativeoutlet,orhopingtomeetnewfriends,BeverleyPuppetFestivaloffersallthisandmore.Weneedvolunteerstohelpwithwelcomingandmanagingaudiences,administration,marketingdistribution,venue(場地)management,artistliaison(聯(lián)絡(luò))andtechnicalsupportaswellasgenerallyhelpingouttosuccessfullyholdthefestival.Howtoapply●CompleteouronlineformbyJune15,2025andwewillbeintouchonceapplicationshavebeenassessed.●Volunteersmustbeaged18oroverorbetween14and17ifaccompaniedbyaparent/guardianvolunteer.●Ifyouarebetween14and17yearsold,pleaseaskyouraccompanyingparent/guardiantocompletetheapplication.●Ifyourequireassistancecompletingtheonlineform,pleaseemail:operationsbevpuppetfest@.Whattoexpect●Acommitmenttowork8ormorehoursoverthefestivalweekend.Volunteersgenerallyworktwoshifts(輪班)ofabout4hourspershift.●Alightmealifworkingoverlunchordinnertime●Alocaltravelsubsidy(補(bǔ)貼)ofupto￡8perday●Afestivalpasstoperformances(dependingonshowavailability)●BeingpartofoneofEastYorkshire’smostamazingfestivalweekendsVolunteerroles●Stewards(IndoorandOutdoor)●BoxOfficeVolunteers●ArtistLiaisonVolunteers●TechnicalSupportVolunteers●GeneralSupportVolunteersFormoredetails,visitourwebsite:.1.Whatcanavolunteerdotohelpwiththefestival?A.Decideonthelistofartists.B.Distributepromotionalmaterials.C.Performonstageduringthefestival.D.Organizeafter-partyeventsfortheaudience.2.Howcanyouserveasavolunteerifyouare15yearsold?A.Byattendinganin-personinterview.B.Byaskingyourparenttogowithyou.C.Byapplyingwithafriendofyourage.D.Bysubmittingahand-writtenapplication.3.Whatcanavolunteergetonaworkingday?A.Apuppetsouvenir. B.Aheartysupper. C.Atravelallowance. D.Afreehotelstay.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了BeverleyPuppetFestival這一活動，并詳細(xì)說明了招募志愿者的相關(guān)信息，包括志愿者的職責(zé)、申請方式、申請條件、預(yù)期的工作時(shí)間和待遇等?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Weneedvolunteerstohelpwithwelcomingandmanagingaudiences,administration,marketingdistribution,venue(場地)management,artistliaison(聯(lián)絡(luò))andtechnicalsupportaswellasgenerallyhelpingouttosuccessfullyholdthefestival.(我們需要志愿者來幫忙迎接和管理觀眾、處理行政事務(wù)、進(jìn)行營銷推廣、管理場地、與藝術(shù)家聯(lián)絡(luò)、提供技術(shù)支持，以及在總體上協(xié)助活動順利舉辦。)”可知，選項(xiàng)B“Distributepromotionalmaterials.(分發(fā)宣傳材料)”屬于營銷推廣的范疇，與文中提到的“marketingdistribution”相符。故選B。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Howtoapply部分中的“Volunteersmustbeaged18oroverorbetween14and17ifaccompaniedbyaparent/guardianvolunteer.(志愿者必須年滿18歲；如果年齡在14至17歲之間，則需有作為志愿者的家長/監(jiān)護(hù)人陪同。)”以及“Ifyouarebetween14and17yearsold,pleaseaskyouraccompanyingparent/guardiantocompletetheapplication.(如果您年齡在14至17歲之間，請讓陪同您的家長/監(jiān)護(hù)人填寫申請表格。)”可知，志愿者必須年滿18歲；如果年齡在14至17歲之間，則需有作為志愿者的家長/監(jiān)護(hù)人陪同，且該年齡段的人需要讓陪同的家長/監(jiān)護(hù)人填寫申請表格。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Whattoexpect部分中的“Alocaltravelsubsidy(補(bǔ)貼)ofupto￡8perday(每天最高8英鎊的當(dāng)?shù)亟煌ㄑa(bǔ)貼。)”可知，志愿者可以享受交通補(bǔ)貼。故選C。BPassengersofasuperyacht(豪華游艇)causedalargewildfireonthecharmingbeachofSaintNicholasontheGreekislandofHydrainthelatehoursofJune21.TheindividualswhowerenearthebeachofthebeautifulGreekislandwereseenbypeopleonlandthrowingfireworksfromtheirshipataround10:45pmlocaltime.Thisseeminglyinnocentandfunactivity,however,endedupsettingthesurroundingforestareaonfire.AccordingtoFireServiceauthoritiesfromtheisland,thefirebeganburninginaparticularlydifficult-to-accesslocationofHydrawithnoroadinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).Luckily,thecentreoftheincidentwasfarfromanyurbansettlementsandvillages.FirefightersapproachedthesiteusingCoastGuardshipsinanattempttoputoutthefirefromthesea.Manyvolunteerfirefightersalsojoinedtheefforttocontainthelargeflamesandpreventthemfromspreadingfurtherinland.ThiscouldhavehaddestructiveconsequencesforthebeautifulGreekislandofHydra.LateonJune22,theGreekFireServiceannouncedthatatotalofthirteenpeoplehadbeenarrested,accusedofcausingawildfireintheforestedareaontheislandofHydra.Theindividualsareexpectedtobeontrial.TheislandofHydrabelongsadministrativelytoPiraeus,aportcityintheregionofAtticatowhichAthensbelongs.Greekmediareportedthatallthosearrestedwerecrewmembersofthesuperyacht.Itisavailableforsummercharter(包租)at€249,000perweek,accordingtoseveralsuperyachtdealersonline.“Weareindignantthatsomepeoplesoirresponsiblythrowfireworksintoapineforest,”Hydra’smayor,GiorgosKoukoudakis,toldGreekbroadcasterERT.Therewasalsocriticismonsocialmedia,“Richpeoplewithmoremoneythanbrains,”wroteoneperson.4.Whywasitdifficultforthefirefighterstogetclosetothefire?A.Thefirewastoofierce.B.Thefirebrokeoutlateatnight.C.CoastGuardvesselsweren’tavailable.D.Theroadtothesitedidn’texistatall.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indignant”probablymeaninthelastparagraph?A.Cross. B.Indifferent. C.Embarrassed. D.Impatient.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.PiraeusisaninlandcityinAttica.B.Passengersoftheyachtwereallarrested.C.Wealthypeoplearenotnecessarilysociallyresponsible.D.Throwingfireworksaroundisaninnocentandfunactivity.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toinformanaccident. B.Tocallforactionstotake.C.Togivesomeadvicetofollow. D.Topersuadetobelievethetruth.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了一起由豪華游艇上的乘客在希臘海德拉島圣尼古拉斯海灘上燃放煙花導(dǎo)致的大火事件，包括事件的起因、經(jīng)過、后果以及相關(guān)的法律行動和社會反響?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AccordingtoFireServiceauthoritiesfromtheisland,thefirebeganburninginaparticularlydifficult-to-accesslocationofHydrawithnoroadinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).(據(jù)該島消防部門的官員稱，火勢始于Hydra島一處交通極為不便、沒有道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的地方。)”可知，火災(zāi)發(fā)生在Hydra一個(gè)特別難以到達(dá)的地方，那里根本沒有道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，因此消防員難以接近火源。故選D?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“somepeoplesoirresponsiblythrowfireworksintoapineforest(有些人如此不負(fù)責(zé)任地往松樹林里扔煙花)”以及“Therewasalsocriticismonsocialmedia,“Richpeoplewithmoremoneythanbrains,”wroteoneperson.(社交媒體上也出現(xiàn)了批評之聲，一名網(wǎng)友寫道：“有錢人有很多錢，但沒什么腦子?！?”可推測，這類事情市長的態(tài)度是憤怒、生氣的。選項(xiàng)A“cross”，意為“憤怒的”，與此相符。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Weareindignantthatsomepeoplesoirresponsiblythrowfireworksintoapineforest,”Hydra’smayor,GiorgosKoukoudakis,toldGreekbroadcasterERT.Therewasalsocriticismonsocialmedia,“Richpeoplewithmoremoneythanbrains,”wroteoneperson.(“有些人如此不負(fù)責(zé)任地往松樹林里扔煙花，我們對此感到憤慨，”Hydra島市長GiorgosKoukoudakis對希臘廣播公司ERT表示。社交媒體上也出現(xiàn)了批評之聲，一名網(wǎng)友寫道：“有錢人有很多錢，但沒什么腦子?！?”可推測，市長對人們亂扔煙花行為的憤怒，暗示了有些人雖然富有但缺乏社會責(zé)任感。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章開篇點(diǎn)明“Passengersofasuperyacht(豪華游艇)causedalargewildfireonthecharmingbeachofSaintNicholasontheGreekislandofHydrainthelatehoursofJune21(6月21日深夜，一艘豪華游艇上的乘客在希臘希德拉島迷人的圣尼古拉斯海灘引發(fā)了一場大規(guī)模野火。)”，接著詳細(xì)描述了野火發(fā)生的經(jīng)過、消防員的滅火行動、人員被捕情況等信息。由此可知，文章主要是在向讀者傳達(dá)希臘Hydra島發(fā)生的這場由游艇乘客引發(fā)野火的事件，屬于告知讀者一則事故。故選A。CANorthwesternUniversity-ledteamofresearchershasdevelopedanewfuelcellthatharvestsenergyfrommicrobes(微生物)livingindirt.Aboutthesizeofastandardpaperbackbook,thesoil-poweredtechnologycouldfuelundergroundsensorsusedinmodernagricultureandgreeninfrastructure.Thiscouldpotentiallyofferasustainable,renewablealternativetobatteriesthatreleaseharmfulchemicalsintotheground.Totestthenewfuelcell,theresearchersusedittopowersensorsmeasuringsoilconditionanddetectingtouch,acapabilitythatcouldbevaluablefortrackingpassinganimals.Toenablewirelesscommunications,theresearchersalsoequippedthesoil-poweredsensorwithatinyantennatotransmit(傳輸)datatoaneighboringbasestationbyreflectingexistingradiofrequencysignals.Notonlydidthefuelcellworkinbothwetanddryconditions,butitspoweralsooutlastedsimilartechnologiesby120%.TheresearchwaspublishedonJan.12intheProceedingsoftheACMonInteractive,Mobile,WearableandUbiquitousTechnologies.“Thenumberofelectronicdevicesusedinmodernagricultureasawaytoimprovecropproductionsisconstantlygrowing,”saidNorthwestern’sBillYen,wholedthework.“Ifweimagineafuturewithnumerousdeviceslikethese,wecannotbuildeveryoneofthemoutoflithium(鋰)andheavymetalsthataredangeroustotheenvironment.Weneedtofindalternativesthatcanprovidelowamountsofenergytopowerawidespreadnetworkofdevices.”Inasearchforsolutions,theresearchersturnedtosoilmicrobialfuelcells(MFC),whichusespecialmicrobestobreakdownsoilandgeneratealowamountofenergytopowersensors.Aslongasthereisorganiccarboninthesoilforthemicrobestobreakdown,thefuelcellcanpotentiallylastforever.“Thesemicrobesarecommon;theyalreadyliveinsoileverywhere,”saidNorthwestern’sGeorgeWells,aseniorauthorofthestudy.“Wecanuseverysimpleengineeredsystemstocollecttheirelectricity.We’renotgoingtopowerentirecitieswiththisenergy,butwecancollecttinyamountsofenergytofuelpractical,low-powerapplications.”Theresearchersplantodevelopasoil-basedMFCmadefromfullybiodegradable(生物可降解的)materialsastheirnextstep.8.Whatcanweknowfromthenewfuelcell?A.Itwasnotlimitedbysoilconditions.B.Thepoweritproducedincreasedby20%.C.Itwasmadefromfullybiodegradablematerials.D.Itwillcompletelyreplaceconventionalbatteriessoon.9.WhatcanweinferfromBillYen’swordsinparagraph4?A.Electronicdevicesarewidelyusedinindustries.B.Itisessentialforourenvironmenttodevelopthenewfuelcell.C.Lithiumandheavymetalsaredangeroustotheenvironment.D.Currentelectronicdevicescan’tprovidelargeamountsofenergy.10.WhatisGeorgeWells’attitudetowardthefuelcell?A.Doubtful. B.Dismissive. C.Pessimistic. D.Approving.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConventionalBatteriesAreGivingWaytoNewFuelCell.B.MicrobesCanBreakDownSoilandGenerateEnergy.C.NewFuelCellHarvestsEnergyfromMicrobesinSoil.D.NewFuelCellFuelsUndergroundSensorsinAgriculture.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了由西北大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的一種新型燃料電池，該電池能夠從土壤中的微生物中獲取能量，用于為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中的地下傳感器提供動力?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Notonlydidthefuelcellworkinbothwetanddryconditions,butitspoweralsooutlastedsimilartechnologiesby120%.(這種燃料電池不僅在潮濕和干燥的環(huán)境中都能正常工作，而且其續(xù)航能力比同類技術(shù)高出120%。)”可知，這種燃料電池在潮濕和干燥的環(huán)境中都能正常工作，也就意味著它不受土壤條件的限制。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Thenumberofelectronicdevicesusedinmodernagricultureasawaytoimprovecropproductionsisconstantlygrowing,”saidNorthwestern’sBillYen,wholedthework.“Ifweimagineafuturewithnumerousdeviceslikethese,wecannotbuildeveryoneofthemoutoflithium(鋰)andheavymetalsthataredangeroustotheenvironment.Weneedtofindalternativesthatcanprovidelowamountsofenergytopowerawidespreadnetworkofdevices.”(該研究的負(fù)責(zé)人、西北大學(xué)的BillYen表示：“現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)中用于提高作物產(chǎn)量的電子設(shè)備數(shù)量在不斷增加。如果我們設(shè)想未來有大量這樣的設(shè)備，我們不可能都用鋰和對環(huán)境有害的重金屬來制造它們。我們需要找到能為廣泛分布的設(shè)備網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供少量電力的替代方案?！?”可知，從BillYen提到不能用對環(huán)境有害的鋰和重金屬制造電子設(shè)備，且需要尋找替代方案，可以推斷出開發(fā)這種新型燃料電池對環(huán)境來說是很有必要的。故選B?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段““Thesemicrobesarecommon;theyalreadyliveinsoileverywhere,”saidNorthwestern’sGeorgeWells,aseniorauthorofthestudy.“Wecanuseverysimpleengineeredsystemstocollecttheirelectricity.We’renotgoingtopowerentirecitieswiththisenergy,butwecancollecttinyamountsofenergytofuelpractical,low-powerapplications.”(該研究的資深作者、西北大學(xué)的GeorgeWells說：“這些微生物很常見，它們本就存在于各地的土壤中。我們可以用非常簡單的工程系統(tǒng)來收集它們產(chǎn)生的電能。我們無法用這種能源為整個(gè)城市供電，但可以收集少量能量為實(shí)用的低功率應(yīng)用設(shè)備供電?！?”可知，GeorgeWells肯定了利用土壤中微生物發(fā)電的方式以及這種燃料電池在低功率應(yīng)用方面的實(shí)用性，表明他對這種燃料電池持贊成態(tài)度。故選D?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ANorthwesternUniversity-ledteamofresearchershasdevelopedanewfuelcellthatharvestsenergyfrommicrobes(微生物)livingindirt.Aboutthesizeofastandardpaperbackbook,thesoil-poweredtechnologycouldfuelundergroundsensorsusedinmodernagricultureandgreeninfrastructure.Thiscouldpotentiallyofferasustainable,renewablealternativetobatteriesthatreleaseharmfulchemicalsintotheground.(由美國西北大學(xué)牽頭的一個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)研發(fā)出一種新型燃料電池，它能從土壤中的微生物獲取能量。這種以土壤為動力的技術(shù)設(shè)備大小與一本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平裝書相當(dāng)，可為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中使用的地下傳感器供電。這有可能為那些會向土壤中釋放有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)的電池提供一種可持續(xù)、可再生的替代方案。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章圍繞這種新型燃料電池的功能、測試情況、研發(fā)背景等方面進(jìn)行了介紹。選項(xiàng)C“NewFuelCellHarvestsEnergyfromMicrobesinSoil”準(zhǔn)確概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容，即，新型燃料電池從土壤中的微生物獲取能量。故選C。DWhodoyouholdinhigherregard:TimCook,theCEOofApple,whosaidhewakesupat4am.andisthelasttoleavetheoffice,orUKPrimeMinisterKeirStarmerwhosaidhewon’tworkpast6pmonFridays?TimemagazinereportedthattheanswerseemsobviousintheUSwherebusinessandalackofleisuretimehavebecomesymbolsofhighstatus.Historically,longworkhoursweren’tassociatedwithwealthorstatus.IntheRomanEmpire,therichdividedtheirdaybetweenbusinessandleisure,withbusinessonlyconductedinthemorning.Inhis1899bookTheTheoryoftheLeisureClass(《有閑階級論》),USeconomistThorsteinVeblenwrotethat“obviouslackoflaborbecomestheconventionalmarkofsuperiorachievement.”Inotherwords,thewealthieronewas,thelessoneworked.Today,however,realitycontradictsVeblen’stheory.ResearchersattheWashingtonCenterforEquitableGrowthfoundthatthosewhoworkmorethan40to45hoursaweekareusuallyin“highlypaidprofessionalpositions”,suchaslawyers,architectsandengineers.Butregardlessoftheprofession,acultureofoverworkthrivesintheUSaslonghourshavebecomeamarkerofcareersuccess.AsTimemagazinenoted,onereasonbehindthisdramaticshiftis“theriseofknowledge-intensiveeconomies”.Onthesupplyside,workersfocusheavilyoneducationandskilldevelopment,believingtheirknowledgeandskillsaremostvaluable.Onthedemandside,companiesandorganizationscompetetoattracttoptalent.Essentially,longworkhoursimplythatanindividualisinhighdemand.Risingeconomicinequalityandfinancialinsecurityarealsokeyfactors.Asthejobmarketgrowsmorecompetitive,eventhosenearthetopoftheincomeladderfeelfinanciallyinsecure.Studyshowsthattheprofessionswiththelargestincomegapsarealsotheoneswherepeoplearemostlikelytoworkmorethan40hoursaweek.Thisindicatesthathighlypaidprofessionalsaremorewillingtoacceptabusyschedulebecause,iftheydon’t,thereareplentyoflower-paidworkersreadytotaketheirjobs.Ina1930essay,BritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynespredictedthattheUScould“l(fā)ookforwardtoanageofleisureandabundancewithoutfear”.Thatvisionhasclearlynotmaterialized.AsAIboostsworkplaceproductivity,willweusetheextratimetoenjoyourlives,orwillwecontinuetooverloadourschedulesinpursuitofstatusandself-worth?12.WhatmarkshighstatusintheUSatpresent?A.Controllingworkhoursautonomously.B.Goingonextendedvacationsregularly.C.Havingawell-balancedwork-lifestyle.D.Workinglonghourswithlittlefreetime.13.WhydoestheauthormentionthebookTheTheoryoftheLeisureClass?A.Toindicatethedevelopmentofsociety.B.Toleadreaderstoreflectthesignificanceofwork.C.Toprovewealthislittlerelatedtolongworkhours.D.Topersuadepeopletochangetheiropinionofstatus.14.Whatisakeyreasonfortheshiftinhowworkhoursrelatetostatus?A.Thechangeofeconomicform.B.ThewidespreadavailabilityofAI.C.Thedeclineoftraditionalindustries.D.Therisingvalueofseizingmorewealth.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouthighlypaidprofessionals?A.Theyhardlyexperiencejobcompetition.B.Theyfeelpressuredtokeeptheirpositions.C.Theyaremoreinsecurethanothersinfinance.D.Theybelievesuccessmeanslongworkhours.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了現(xiàn)代社會中對于工作時(shí)長和地位關(guān)系的看法變化，特別是對比了蘋果CEO蒂姆·庫克和英國首相基爾·斯塔默的不同工作態(tài)度和時(shí)間管理方式，并探討了這種變化背后的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)原因?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TimemagazinereportedthattheanswerseemsobviousintheUSwherebusynessandalackofleisuretimehavebecomesymbolsofhighstatus.(據(jù)《時(shí)代》周刊報(bào)道，在美國，答案似乎顯而易見，因?yàn)槊β岛腿鄙傩蓍e時(shí)間已成為高地位的象征)”可知，忙碌和缺少休閑時(shí)間已成為高地位的象征。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Historically,longworkhoursweren’tassociatedwithwealthorstatus.IntheRomanEmpire,therichdividedtheirdaybetweenbusinessandleisure,withbusinessonlyconductedinthemorning.Inhis1899bookTheTheoryoftheLeisureClass(《有閑階級論》),USeconomistThorsteinVeblenwrotethat“obviouslackoflaborbecomestheconventionalmarkofsuperiorachievement.”Inotherwords,thewealthieronewas,thelessoneworked.(從歷史上看，長時(shí)間工作與財(cái)富或地位并無關(guān)聯(lián)。在羅馬帝國時(shí)期，富人會將一天的時(shí)間分配給工作和休閑，且工作只在上午進(jìn)行。美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家托斯丹?凡勃倫在1899年出版的《有閑階級論》一書中寫道：“明顯不從事勞動成為了卓越成就的傳統(tǒng)標(biāo)志。”換句話說，一個(gè)人越富有，工作就越少)”可知，作者通過引用《有閑階級論》中關(guān)于財(cái)富和工作時(shí)長關(guān)系的觀點(diǎn)，結(jié)合羅馬帝國時(shí)期富人的工作情況，證明了歷史上財(cái)富與長時(shí)間工作關(guān)系不大。故選C?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AsTimemagazinenoted,onereasonbehindthisdramaticshiftis“theriseofknowledge-intensiveeconomies”.Onthesupplyside,workersfocusheavilyoneducationandskilldevelopment,believingtheirknowledgeandskillsaremostvaluable.Onthedemandside,companiesandorganizationscompetetoattracttoptalent.Essentially,longworkhoursimplythatanindividualisinhighdemand.(正如《時(shí)代》周刊所指出的，這種巨大轉(zhuǎn)變背后的一個(gè)原因是“知識密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)的興起”。從供給方面來看，勞動者非常注重教育和技能發(fā)展，認(rèn)為自己的知識和技能最有價(jià)值。從需求方面來看，公司和組織競相吸引頂尖人才。從本質(zhì)上講，長時(shí)間工作意味著這個(gè)人很搶手。”可知，“知識密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)的興起”體現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)形式的變化，這是工作時(shí)長與地位關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵原因。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Asthejobmarketgrowsmorecompetitive,eventhosenearthetopoftheincomeladderfeelfinanciallyinsecure.Studyshowsthattheprofessionswiththelargestincomegapsarealsotheoneswherepeoplearemostlikelytoworkmorethan40hoursaweek.Thisindicatesthathighlypaidprofessionalsaremorewillingtoacceptabusyschedulebecause,iftheydon’t,thereareplentyoflower-paidworkersreadytotaketheirjobs.(隨著就業(yè)市場競爭愈發(fā)激烈，即使是收入階梯接近頂端的人也會感到財(cái)務(wù)上沒有保障。研究表明，收入差距最大的職業(yè)也是人們最有可能每周工作超過40小時(shí)的職業(yè)。這表明高薪專業(yè)人士更愿意接受忙碌的日程安排，因?yàn)槿绻麄儾贿@樣做，有大量低薪工人隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備接替他們的工作)”可知，因?yàn)橛写罅康托焦と穗S時(shí)準(zhǔn)備接替他們的工作，所以高薪專業(yè)人士為了保住自己的職位會有壓力。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Likemanyothersports,tennisisaveryoldgame.HistoriansthinkthattheancientEgyptians,Greeks,andRomansplayedagamesimilartotennisthousandsofyearsago.Lawntennisusedtobeplayedonneatlymanicured(修剪)lawns.____16____Today,theonlymajortournamentplayedongrassistheAll-EnglandchampionshipsatWimbledon.Asweknow,atenniscourtisarectangulararea78feetlongand36feetwide.Ateachendoftheplayingareaisabaseline.____17____Theareabetweenthetwosidelinesiscalledthealley.Inthemiddleofthecourtisathree-foot-highnet.Oneachsideofthenetaretwoservicecourts.Otherthanacourt,allyouneedtoplaytennisarearacquet,sometennisballs,andoneorthreeotherpeople,dependingonwhichgameyouplay.____18____Whenfourpeopleplay,itiscalleddoubles.Theplayersrally,orhittheballbackandforthoverthenet.Theballcannotbouncemorethanoncebeforeaplayerhastohititbackoverthenet.Youscoreapointwhenyouropponenthitstheballoutsidethelinesorfailstoreturntheballoverthenetonthefirstbounce.Thefirstplayertoscorefourpointswinsagame.Afteryouhavewonsixgames,you’vewonaset.____19____Likeothersports,youneedtopracticeinordertobecomeagoodtennisplayer.____20____Whoknows,somedayyoumaybegoodenoughtoplayatWimbledon!A.Severalsetsmakeupamatch.B.Tennisisaboutservingandreturning.C.Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryou’llget.D.Whentwopeopleplay,thegameiscalledsingles.E.Butgrasscourtsaredifficultandexpensivetomaintain.F.Thelinesthatconnectthebaselinesarecalledsidelines.G.ThefirstLawnTennisChampionshipswereheldinEnglandin1877.【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.A20.C【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了網(wǎng)球的歷史、場地規(guī)則、比賽規(guī)則以及成為優(yōu)秀網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動員需要的訓(xùn)練?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Lawntennisusedtobeplayedonneatlymanicured(修剪)lawns.(草地網(wǎng)球過去是在修剪整齊的草坪上進(jìn)行的。)”和下文“Today,theonlymajortournamentplayedongrassistheAll-EnglandchampionshipsatWimbledon.(今天，唯一在草地上舉行的主要比賽是在溫布爾登舉行的全英錦標(biāo)賽。)”可推知過去網(wǎng)球是在草坪上進(jìn)行的，而現(xiàn)在不是了，設(shè)空處應(yīng)說明這種變化的原因，E選項(xiàng)“但是草地球場維護(hù)起來既困難又昂貴?！狈项}意，承上啟下。故選E?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Ateachendoftheplayingareaisabaseline.(在比賽區(qū)域的兩端各有一條底線)”和下文“Theareabetweenthetwosidelinesiscalledthealley.(兩條邊線之間的區(qū)域稱為單打邊線外的狹長區(qū)域。)”可知這里應(yīng)該是在介紹網(wǎng)球場地的不同線條，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“連接基線的線稱為邊線?！狈详P(guān)于場地線條介紹的邏輯。故選F?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Otherthanacourt,allyouneedtoplaytennisarearacquet,sometennisballs,andoneorthreeotherpeople,dependingonwhichgameyouplay.(除了球場，你打網(wǎng)球只需要一個(gè)球拍，一些網(wǎng)球，還有一到三個(gè)人，這取決于你打的是哪種比賽。)”和下文“Whenfourpeopleplay,itiscalleddoubles.(當(dāng)四個(gè)人打，它被稱為雙打。)”可知設(shè)空處介紹的也應(yīng)是幾個(gè)人比賽，D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)兩個(gè)人玩的時(shí)候，這個(gè)游戲叫做單打?！狈项}意。故選D?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Youscoreapointwhenyouropponenthitstheballoutsidethelinesorfailstoreturntheballoverthenetonthefirstbounce.Thefirstplayertoscorefourpointswinsagame.Afteryouhavewonsixgames,you’vewonaset.(當(dāng)你的對手把球打到線外或在第一次反彈時(shí)沒有把球擊過網(wǎng)，你就得一分。第一個(gè)得四分的選手贏得比賽。贏了六局之后，你就贏了一盤。)”可知這里講的是比賽怎樣計(jì)分，推斷下文繼續(xù)說比賽的計(jì)分和賽制，A選項(xiàng)“一場比賽有幾局。”符合題意。故選A?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Likeothersports,youneedtopracticeinordertobecomeagoodtennisplayer.(像其他運(yùn)動一樣，你需要練習(xí)才能成為一名優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動員。)”說明網(wǎng)球練習(xí)很重要，C選項(xiàng)“你練習(xí)得越多，你就會學(xué)得越好?！边M(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)練習(xí)的重要性，符合題意。故選C。第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iheardsomegoodnewsrecently.My91-year-oldgrandfathercalledmeto____21____hisnewhearingaid.Forthefirsttimeinalongtime,hecouldhearmyvoice.It____22____usboth.Isoonfoundouttherewasanotherreasonmygrandparentsweresohappy—theirnewaudiologist(聽覺病矯治專家),Anna.Unlikethe____23____providersthey’dbeendealingwith,Annagavetimeandattention.Annanotonly____24____thenewhearingaidworkedasitshould,butalsoofferedtogotomygrandparents’apartmenttoshowthemhowtouseit.Such____25____mightsoundrare,butI’vesincestartedwondering:Whatifit’smorecommonthanwethink?Itstartedwithsomeresearchthatshowedpeopleoftenunderestimate(低估)the___26___ofstrangerstoengagewith,orevenbefriendthem.ThenIcameacrossastudythat____27____newscoverageofcurrentaffairstendstobemorenegativethanpositivebecausehumanstendtogivenegativeeventsmoreattention.____28____storiescanattractourattentionandprepareusfordisappointment.Butifwedon’tengagewithpositiveones,theymightleadustobemorecriticaloftheworld,moredefensiveandless____29____thanweneedtobe.SoIthinksometimeswhatwehear,see,orevenknowmightnotbethewholepicture.Thetruthmightbe_____30_____fromus,requiringustonoticeanddiscoverit.Wecouldstartbyaskingourselveswhetherweare_____31_____moreonnegativeorpositivestoriesandwhetherwearelettingnegativenewssurroundus.Maybeevenpayingmoreattentiontogoodnewsor_____32_____sharinggoodnewswillhelp.Anna’sattitudewasremarkable.She_____33_____thecallofdutyand,uponleaving,_____34_____toacceptanythingbutwordsasthanks.Whynot_____35_____ourselvesthat,forallofthebadthat’sintheworldandinthenews,behindthescenes,inpeople’sordinarylives,lieuntoldstoriesofextraordinarygood?21.A.test B.repair C.admire D.purchase22.A.frightened B.shocked C.thrilled D.annoyed23.A.familiar B.enthusiastic C.similar D.previous24.A.made B.ensured C.expected D.proposed25.A.kindness B.generosity C.bravery D.intelligence26.A.refusal B.willingness C.impression D.confusion27.A.recognized B.protested C.guaranteed D.suggested28.A.Positive B.Active C.Negative D.Controversial29.A.hopeful B.aggressive C.violent D.doubtful30.A.recycled B.hidden C.revealed D.adapted31.A.calling B.influencing C.focusing D.waiting32.A.puttingupwith B.makingupfor C.comingupwith D.makingapointof33.A.wentbeyond B.gaveup C.wentthrough D.gaveaway34.A.embraced B.resisted C.agreed D.refused35.A.challenge B.inform C.remind D.advise【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.D35.C【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過講述作者91歲的祖父測試新助聽器并與新聽覺病矯治專家Anna的交往經(jīng)歷，引發(fā)了對人們?nèi)绾慰创徒邮招侣勑畔⒌乃伎?。?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我91歲的祖父打電話給我，想試試他新配的助聽器。A.test測試；B.repair修理；C.admire欽佩；D.purchase購買。根據(jù)下文“Forthefirsttimeinalongtime,hecouldhearmyvoice.”可推測，91歲的祖父打電話是為了測試新配的助聽器。故選A。【22題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：許久以來，他第一次能清楚地聽到我的聲音，這讓我們倆都激動不已。A.frightened使害怕；B.shocked使震驚；C.thrilled使興奮；D.annoyed使惱怒。根據(jù)上文“Forthefirsttimeinalongtime,hecouldhearmyvoice.”可推測，祖父已經(jīng)很久沒有聽到作者的聲音了。這是讓兩個(gè)人都感到興奮激動的事情。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：與他們之前接觸過的醫(yī)護(hù)人員不同，Anna愿意花時(shí)間，用心對待他們。A.familiar熟悉的；B.enthusiastic熱情的；C.similar相似的；D.previous以前的。根據(jù)上文“theirnewaudiologist(聽覺病矯治專家),Anna.”以及空前的“unlike”可知，Anna和以前的醫(yī)護(hù)人員不一樣。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她不僅確保新的助聽器能正常使用，還主動提出到祖父母的公寓，教他們?nèi)绾尾僮鳌.made制作；B.ensured確保；C.expected期待；D.proposed提議。根據(jù)上文“Isoonfoundouttherewasanotherreasonmygrandparentsweresohappy—theirnewaudiologist(聽覺病矯治專家),Anna.”可知，Anna是個(gè)聽覺病矯正專家。由此可知，她需要確保新的助聽器能正常使用。故選B。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣的善舉或許聽起來十分罕見，但從那以后我開始思索：會不會這種善良比我們想象的更為普遍呢？A.kindness善良；B.generosity慷慨；C.bravery勇敢；D.intelligence智力。根據(jù)上文“Annanotonly_______thenewhearingaidworkedasitshould,butalsoofferedtogotomygrandparents’apartmenttoshowthemhowtouseit.”可知，Anna主動去祖父母公寓教他們使用助聽器，這體現(xiàn)了她的善良。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，一些研究表明，人們常常低估陌生人與自己交往甚至成為朋友的意愿。A.refusal拒絕；B.willingness意愿；C.impression印象；D.confusion困惑。根據(jù)上文“Such_______mightsoundrare,butI’vesincestartedwondering:Whatifit’smorecommonthanwethink?”可知，Anna的做法讓作者陷入沉思；由此可推測，作者認(rèn)為我們其實(shí)是想和別人交往的。但是，我們低估了這種意愿。故選B。【27題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來我又看到一項(xiàng)研究指出，新聞媒體對時(shí)事的報(bào)道往往負(fù)面多于正面，因?yàn)槿祟惛菀钻P(guān)注負(fù)面事件。A.recognized認(rèn)出；B.protested抗議；C.guaranteed保證；D.suggested建議、表明。根據(jù)空后“newscoverageofcurrentaffairstendstobemorenegativethanpositivebecausehumanstendtogivenegativeeventsmoreattention.”可知，下文是研究表明的結(jié)果。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：負(fù)面新聞能夠吸引我們的注意力，讓我們對失望有所準(zhǔn)備。A.Positive積極的；B.Active主動的；C.Negative消極的；D.Controversial有爭議的。根據(jù)上文“humanstendtogivenegativeeventsmoreattention”及下文“prepareusfordisappointment”可推測，人類更容易關(guān)注負(fù)面事件，空處指的是負(fù)面的新聞能夠吸引我們的注意力。故選C?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但如果我們不關(guān)注正面新聞，可能