2021年11月全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題真題及答案

2021年11月全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題真題及答案[問答題]1.Passage1Aspectrehauntsthisbook—thespectreofEurope.Ju（江南博哥）stasthe700pagesofTonyBlair’sautobiographycouldnotescapetheshadowofIraq,sothe700pagesofDavidCameron’smemoiraredestinedtobereadthroughasinglelens:Brexit.ForallitsdetailedaccountsofcoalitiontalkswiththeleaderoftheliberalDemocratsorSyriadebateswithBarackObama,Brexitisthestory.Cameronacknowledgesasmuch,writingseveraltimesthathegoesovertheeventsthatledtotheleavevoteof2016everyday,“overandoveragain.Relivingandrethinkingthedecisions,rerunningalternativesandwhat-might-have-beens.”Laterhewrites:“Myregretsaboutwhathadhappenedwentdeep.Iknewthenthattheywouldneverleaveme.Andtheyneverhave.”It’sthiswhichgivesthebookitsnarrativearc,oneitshareswithBlair’s.Bothtellthestoryofamanwhosepreviouslycharmedpathtosuccessissuddenlyinterrupted,runningintoacatastrophethatwillhaunthimtohislastbreath.Thebuild-upisthesameinbothcases,aseriesofconsecutivevictories—winninghisparty’sleadership,rebrandingandmodernisingthatpartytoappealtothecentreground,reachingDowningStreet,winningre-election—onlytomakeadecisionthatwillwreaklastinghavoc.CameronoffersthesamedefenceforBrexitthatBlairgaveforIraq:yes,thingsmighthaveturnedoutdisastrously,butmymistakewashonest,Iactedingoodfaith,IonlydidwhatItrulybelievedwasright.Whichisnottosaythathismemoirisnotself-critical.Onthecontrary,CameronscoldshimselfthroughoutandnotonlyonBrexit.Hewritesthatheoftenmissesthewoodforthetrees,gettinglostinpolicydetailandfailing“toseethebigger,emotionalpicture”.Nevertheless,hismemoirremindsyouwhyCamerondominatedBritishpoliticsforsolong.Theproseis,likehim,smoothandefficient.ThechapterdescribingtheshortlifeanddeathoftheCamerons’severelydisabledson,Ivan,isalmostunbearablymoving.Withadmirablehonesty,Cameronadmitsthattheperiodofmourningdidnotonlyfollowhisson’sdeathbuthisbirth,“tryingtocometotermswiththedifferencebetweenthechildyouexpectedandlongedforandtherealitythatyounowface”.Whathad,untilthen,beenacharmedlifewasinterruptedbythedeepestheartbreak.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】Aspectrehauntsthisbook—thespectreofEurope.Justasthe700pagesofTonyBlair’sautobiographycouldnotescapetheshadowofIraq,sothe700pagesofDavidCameron’smemoiraredestinedtobereadthroughasinglelens:Brexit.一個(gè)幽靈，歐洲的幽靈，在本書中游蕩。正如托尼·布萊爾（TonyBlair）700頁的自傳擺脫不了伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的陰影一樣，戴維·卡梅倫（DavidCameron）700頁的回憶錄也必然繞不開一起重大事件：英國脫歐。ForallitsdetailedaccountsofcoalitiontalkswiththeleaderoftheliberalDemocratsorSyriadebateswithBarackObama,Brexitisthestory.Cameronacknowledgesasmuch,writingseveraltimesthathegoesovertheeventsthatledtotheleavevoteof2016everyday,“overandoveragain.Relivingandrethinkingthedecisions,rerunningalternativesandwhat-might-have-beens.”Laterhewrites:“Myregretsaboutwhathadhappenedwentdeep.Iknewthenthattheywouldneverleaveme.Andtheyneverhave.”卡梅倫在回憶錄中詳細(xì)講述了他如何同自由民主黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人進(jìn)行談判組建聯(lián)合政府，以及如何與奧巴馬總統(tǒng)探討敘利亞問題解決方案，盡管如此，英國脫歐才是這本書的核心?？穫悢?shù)次提及自己每天都會(huì)思考引發(fā)2016年公投脫歐的所有事件。他也在書中承認(rèn)道：“我會(huì)一遍又一遍地回顧當(dāng)時(shí)做出的決策，思考其他可行的方案以及它們的可能后果?！敝笏謱懙溃骸皩τ谒l(fā)生之事，我深表遺憾。我知道我將永遠(yuǎn)無法擺脫這種情緒。時(shí)至今日，也確實(shí)如此?！盜t’sthiswhichgivesthebookitsnarrativearc,oneitshareswithBlair’s.Bothtellthestoryofamanwhosepreviouslycharmedpathtosuccessissuddenlyinterrupted,runningintoacatastrophethatwillhaunthimtohislastbreath.Thebuild-upisthesameinbothcases,aseriesofconsecutivevictories—winninghisparty’sleadership,rebrandingandmodernisingthatpartytoappealtothecentreground,reachingDowningStreet,winningre-election—onlytomakeadecisionthatwillwreaklastinghavoc.這種遺憾情緒貫穿了回憶錄的敘事主線，布萊爾的自傳也同樣如此。兩本書都講述了這樣一個(gè)故事：徑情直遂、成就輝煌，倏忽間成功戛然而止，闖下彌天大禍，勢窮力竭最終抱憾終身。故事展開也別無二致，先是一路凱歌——贏得黨內(nèi)選舉，重塑政黨形象，完成政黨現(xiàn)代化改造以吸引中間派選民、入主唐寧街首相府邸、拿下連任選舉——最后卻做了一個(gè)決定，其造成的破壞久久無法消弭。CameronoffersthesamedefenceforBrexitthatBlairgaveforIraq:yes,thingsmighthaveturnedoutdisastrously,butmymistakewashonest,Iactedingoodfaith,IonlydidwhatItrulybelievedwasright.在英國脫歐和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭這兩起事件上，卡梅倫和布萊爾為自己進(jìn)行的辯護(hù)也如出一轍：是的，結(jié)果可能會(huì)是災(zāi)難性的，但那只是無心之過，我只是做了我堅(jiān)信正確的事情。Whichisnottosaythathismemoirisnotself-critical.Onthecontrary,CameronscoldshimselfthroughoutandnotonlyonBrexit.Hewritesthatheoftenmissesthewoodforthetrees,gettinglostinpolicydetailandfailing“toseethebigger,emotionalpicture”.這并不是說回憶錄沒有自我批評(píng)的色彩。相反，卡梅倫本人在書中做了大量的自我批評(píng)，且不單就脫歐一事。他寫道，自己經(jīng)常一葉障目，因小失大，拘泥于政策細(xì)節(jié)，卻忽略了“大局，也就是人民的情緒”。Nevertheless,hismemoirremindsyouwhyCamerondominatedBritishpoliticsforsolong.Theproseis,likehim,smoothandefficient.ThechapterdescribingtheshortlifeanddeathoftheCamerons’severelydisabledson,Ivan,isalmostunbearablymoving.Withadmirablehonesty,Cameronadmitsthattheperiodofmourningdidnotonlyfollowhisson’sdeathbuthisbirth,“tryingtocometotermswiththedifferencebetweenthechildyouexpectedandlongedforandtherealitythatyounowface”.Whathad,untilthen,beenacharmedlifewasinterruptedbythedeepestheartbreak.盡管如此，讀完他的回憶錄，我們便會(huì)意識(shí)到為何卡梅倫可以主導(dǎo)英國政壇如此之久?；貞涗浳娘L(fēng)一如其人，平穩(wěn)而又干練。有一章節(jié)講述了卡梅倫身患重疾的兒子伊萬的短暫一生及其離世經(jīng)過，令人動(dòng)容?？穫惓姓J(rèn)其哀慟之情并不始于他兒子死亡之時(shí)，而是從他剛出生的那一刻便開始了，“嘗試接受自己曾滿懷期待的孩子的人生跟必須面對的現(xiàn)實(shí)之間存在著巨大差距”，這份坦誠讓人欽佩。卡梅倫的人生曾經(jīng)順風(fēng)順?biāo)?，而孩子降世后，一切戛然而止，令人心碎。解析?）Justasthe700pagesofTonyBlair'sautobiographycouldnotescapetheshadowofIraq,sothe700pagesofDavidCameron'smemoiraredestinedtobereadthroughasinglelens:Brexit.正如托尼·布萊爾（TonyBlair）700頁的自傳擺脫不了伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的陰影一樣，戴維·卡梅倫（DavidCameron）700頁的回憶錄也必然繞不開一起重大事件：英國脫歐。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。這句話是兩個(gè)并列式的結(jié)構(gòu)，值得注意的是Iraq和Brexit明顯并列不當(dāng)，伊拉克是個(gè)國家，脫歐是一起事件，建議將背景內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充出來，Iraq指的是“伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”。readthroughasinglelens表示“從……的視角來看”，但是主語不是人，這種譯法欠妥，所以可以意譯為“繞不開一起重大事件”，與前文形成呼應(yīng)。（2）ForallitsdetailedaccountsofcoalitiontalkswiththeleaderoftheliberalDemocratsorSyriadebateswithBarackObama,Brexitisthestory.卡梅倫在回憶錄中詳細(xì)講述了他如何同自由民主黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人進(jìn)行談判組建聯(lián)合政府，以及如何與奧巴馬總統(tǒng)探討敘利亞問題解決方案，盡管如此，英國脫歐才是這本書的核心。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。句首Forall引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然……”，主句是逗號(hào)后面的Brexitisthestory。英文是靜態(tài)語言，中文是動(dòng)態(tài)語言，英譯中時(shí)可以考慮將名詞動(dòng)詞化，因此detailedaccounts可以翻譯成“詳細(xì)講述了”，coalitiontalks可以翻譯成“進(jìn)行談判組建聯(lián)合政府”,Syriadebates可以翻譯成“探討敘利亞問題”。（3）It’sthiswhichgivesthebookitsnarrativearc,oneitshareswithBlair’s.這種遺憾情緒貫穿了回憶錄的敘事主線，布萊爾的自傳也同樣如此。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。which指代上文中的Myregrets。句中的narrativearc原意是“敘事弧線”，此處可以譯為“敘事主線”。（4）thingsmighthaveturnedoutdisastrously,butmymistakewashonest,Iactedingoodfaith,IonlydidwhatItrulybelievedwasright.結(jié)果可能會(huì)是災(zāi)難性的，但那只是無心之過，我只是做了我堅(jiān)信正確的事情。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。mymistakewashonest不能直譯為“我的錯(cuò)誤是誠實(shí)的”，因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤不是人，并無誠實(shí)虛偽之分，此處指的是犯錯(cuò)的這個(gè)人問心無愧，因此轉(zhuǎn)譯為“那只是無心之過”。（5）Hewritesthatheoftenmissesthewoodforthetrees,gettinglostinpolicydetailandfailing“toseethebigger,emotionalpicture”.他寫道，自己經(jīng)常一葉障目，因小失大，拘泥于政策細(xì)節(jié)，卻忽略了“大局，也就是人民的情緒”。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。Missthewoodforthetrees指“只見樹木，不見森林”，在翻譯時(shí)可以采取本地化的策略，譯為中文中意思相近的俗語“一葉障目，因小失大”。toseethebigger,emotionalpicture中的picture在這里指的是“狀況；情形；形勢”，emotional可以結(jié)合背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行翻譯，卡梅倫不希望英國脫歐，但是公投結(jié)果卻使得英國脫歐，顯然是卡梅倫忽略了“人民的情緒”。[問答題]2.Passage2AnewUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)report,jointlyproducedwiththeInternationalResourcesPanel,saysthatatypeofunbridledinternationaltradeishavingadamagingeffectnotonlyonrainforestsbuttheentireplanet.Thereport,whichcalledforaraftofnewEarth-friendlytraderules,foundthattheextractionofnaturalresourcescouldsparkwatershortages,driveanimalstoextinctionandaccelerateclimatechange-allofwhichwouldberuinoustotheglobaleconomy.Theeconomicfalloutofcovid-19isjustanoverturetowhatwewouldseeiftheEarth'snaturalsystemsbreakdown.Wehavetomakesurethatourglobaltradepoliciesprotecttheenvironmentnotonlyforthesakeofourplanetbutalsoforthelong-termhealthofoureconomies.Withthedemandfornaturalresourcessettodoubleby2060,thereportcalledonpolicymakerstoembracewhatisknownasa“circular”economicmodel.Thatwouldseebusinessusefewerresources,recyclemoreandextendthelifeoftheirproducts.Itwouldalsoputanonusonconsumerstobuyless,saveenergyandrepairthingsthatarebrokeninsteadofthrowingthemdirectly.Whilethecircularmodelcouldhave“economicimplications”forcountriesthatdependonnaturalresources,itwouldgiverisetonewindustriesdevotedtorecyclingandrepairing.Overall,thereportpredictsagreenereconomicmodelwouldboostgrowthby8percentby2060.There'sthisideaoutthere,thatwehavetolog,mine,anddrillourwaytoprosperity.Butthat'snottrue.Byembracingcirculareconomyandreusingmaterial,wecanstilldriveeconomicgrowthwhileprotectingtheplanetforfuturegenerations.Somecountries,bothinthedevelopedanddevelopingworld,haveembracedtheconceptofacirculareconomy.Butthereportsaidinternationaltradeagreementscanplayanimportantroleinmakingthosesystemsmorecommon.ItcalledontheWorldTradeOrganization,whichhas164membercountries,totaketheenvironmentintoconsiderationwhensettingregulations.Italsorecommendsthatregionaltradepactspromoteinvestmentinplanet-friendlyindustries,eliminate“harmful”subsidies,likethoseforfossilfuels,andavoidundercuttingglobalenvironmentalaccords.Re-orientingtheglobalenvironmentisn'taneasyjob.Therearealotofvestedinterestwehavetocontendwith.ButwiththeEarth'spopulationexpectedtoreachalmost10billionby2050,weneedtofindwaystorelievethepressureontheplanet.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】AnewUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)report,jointlyproducedwiththeInternationalResourcesPanel,saysthatatypeofunbridledinternationaltradeishavingadamagingeffectnotonlyonrainforestsbuttheentireplanet.Thereport,whichcalledforaraftofnewEarth-friendlytraderules,foundthattheextractionofnaturalresourcescouldsparkwatershortages,driveanimalstoextinctionandaccelerateclimatechange-allofwhichwouldberuinoustotheglobaleconomy.聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（UNEP）與國際資源委員會(huì)聯(lián)合發(fā)布的一份新報(bào)告稱，這種不受約束的國際貿(mào)易不僅對熱帶雨林，而且對整個(gè)地球都有破壞性影響。該報(bào)告呼吁制定一系列新的地球友好型貿(mào)易規(guī)則。報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，開采自然資源可能會(huì)引發(fā)水資源短缺，導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物滅絕，加速氣候變化——所有這些都將對全球經(jīng)濟(jì)造成毀滅性影響。Theeconomicfalloutofcovid-19isjustanoverturetowhatwewouldseeiftheEarth'snaturalsystemsbreakdown.Wehavetomakesurethatourglobaltradepoliciesprotecttheenvironmentnotonlyforthesakeofourplanetbutalsoforthelong-termhealthofoureconomies.如果地球自然系統(tǒng)崩潰，我們目前所看到的新冠疫情帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響只是一個(gè)開始。我們必須確保全球貿(mào)易政策有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境，這不單單是為了保護(hù)地球，也是為了各國經(jīng)濟(jì)長遠(yuǎn)健康考慮。Withthedemandfornaturalresourcessettodoubleby2060,thereportcalledonpolicymakerstoembracewhatisknownasa“circular”economicmodel.Thatwouldseebusinessusefewerresources,recyclemoreandextendthelifeoftheirproducts.Itwouldalsoputanonusonconsumerstobuyless,saveenergyandrepairthingsthatarebrokeninsteadofthrowingthemdirectly.人類對自然資源的需求到2060年將翻一番，因此，該報(bào)告呼吁政策制定者考慮發(fā)展“循環(huán)”經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)模式中，企業(yè)要少用資源、多做回收，還要延長產(chǎn)品壽命周期。消費(fèi)者同樣也要承擔(dān)責(zé)任：少買商品、節(jié)約能源，東西壞了要?jiǎng)邮中蘩?，不能丟棄了事。Whilethecircularmodelcouldhave“economicimplications”forcountriesthatdependonnaturalresources,itwouldgiverisetonewindustriesdevotedtorecyclingandrepairing.Overall,thereportpredictsagreenereconomicmodelwouldboostgrowthby8percentby2060.There'sthisideaoutthere,thatwehavetolog,mine,anddrillourwaytoprosperity.Butthat'snottrue.Byembracingcirculareconomyandreusingmaterial,wecanstilldriveeconomicgrowthwhileprotectingtheplanetforfuturegenerations.推行循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，可能會(huì)對依賴自然資源的國家產(chǎn)生“經(jīng)濟(jì)影響”，但是也會(huì)催生新型回收產(chǎn)業(yè)和維修產(chǎn)業(yè)。報(bào)告預(yù)測，總體而言，到2060年，這種綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)模式將推動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長8%。外界有這樣一種說法，我們必須通過伐木、采礦和鉆探來實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮。但事實(shí)并非如此。我們還可以發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)、利用回收材料，既能推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，又能保護(hù)地球，造福子孫后代。Somecountries,bothinthedevelopedanddevelopingworld,haveembracedtheconceptofacirculareconomy.Butthereportsaidinternationaltradeagreementscanplayanimportantroleinmakingthosesystemsmorecommon.ItcalledontheWorldTradeOrganization,whichhas164membercountries,totaketheenvironmentintoconsiderationwhensettingregulations.Italsorecommendsthatregionaltradepactspromoteinvestmentinplanet-friendlyindustries,eliminate“harmful”subsidies,likethoseforfossilfuels,andavoidundercuttingglobalenvironmentalaccords.一些國家已接受循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的理念，這其中有發(fā)達(dá)國家，也有發(fā)展中國家。但報(bào)告稱，國際貿(mào)易協(xié)定可以在推廣這些體系方面發(fā)揮重要作用。該報(bào)告呼吁擁有164個(gè)成員國的世界貿(mào)易組織在制定貿(mào)易規(guī)則時(shí)要考慮環(huán)境因素。報(bào)告還建議，區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)投資地球友好型產(chǎn)業(yè)，取消“有害”補(bǔ)貼，如化石燃料補(bǔ)貼，避免破壞世界環(huán)境公約。Re-orientingtheglobalenvironmentisn'taneasyjob.Therearealotofvestedinterestwehavetocontendwith.ButwiththeEarth'spopulationexpectedtoreachalmost10billionby2050,weneedtofindwaystorelievethepressureontheplanet.重新規(guī)劃全球環(huán)境發(fā)展方向并非易事，我們必須與許多既得利益者博弈。但到2050年，全球人口預(yù)計(jì)將達(dá)100億，因此我們需要找到能緩解地球人口壓力的方法。解析（1）AnewUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)report,jointlyproducedwiththeInternationalResourcesPanel,saysthatatypeofunbridledinternationaltradeishavingadamagingeffectnotonlyonrainforestsbuttheentireplanet.聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（UNEP）與國際資源委員會(huì)聯(lián)合發(fā)布的一份新報(bào)告稱，這種不受約束的國際貿(mào)易不僅對熱帶雨林，而且對整個(gè)地球都有破壞性影響。[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。haveadamagingeffectnotonlyon…but(alsoon)…，這里省略了alsoon，可以譯為“不僅對…而且對…也有毀滅性影響”。UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme和InternationalResourcesPanel都是專有名詞，有固定譯稱。（2）Thereport,whichcalledforaraftofnewEarth-friendlytraderules,foundthattheextractionofnaturalresourcescouldsparkwatershortages,driveanimalstoextinctionandaccelerateclimatechange-allofwhichwouldberuinoustotheglobaleconomy.該報(bào)告呼吁制定一系列新的地球友好型貿(mào)易規(guī)則。報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，開采自然資源可能會(huì)引發(fā)水資源短缺，導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物滅絕，加速氣候變化——所有這些都將對全球經(jīng)濟(jì)造成毀滅性影響。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。非限制性定語從句whichcalledforaraftofnewEarth-friendlytraderules在翻譯時(shí)可以進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，將名詞動(dòng)詞化，譯為“呼吁制定一系列…”。theextractionofnaturalresources也可以譯為“開采自然資源”，體現(xiàn)中文的動(dòng)態(tài)性。（3）Withthedemandfornaturalresourcessettodoubleby2060,thereportcalledonpolicymakerstoembracewhatisknownasa“circular”economicmodel.人類對自然資源的需求到2060年將翻一番，因此，該報(bào)告呼吁政策制定者考慮發(fā)展“循環(huán)”經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。第一個(gè)小分句是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，此處表示伴隨，后一句與前文暗含因果的邏輯關(guān)系，可以補(bǔ)充邏輯連詞“因此”。Embrace原意為“擁抱”，此處表示“欣然接受，樂意采納（思想、建議等）”。（4）There'sthisideaoutthere,thatwehavetolog,mine,anddrillourwaytoprosperity.Butthat'snottrue.Byembracingcirculareconomyandreusingmaterial,wecanstilldriveeconomicgrowthwhileprotectingtheplanetforfuturegenerations.外界有這樣一種說法，我們必須通過伐木、采礦和鉆探來實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮。但事實(shí)并非如此。我們還可以發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)、利用回收材料，既能推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，又能保護(hù)地球，造福子孫后代。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。There’sthisideaouttherethat...:是固定句型，表示“有一種說法認(rèn)為…”。Log，mine和drill三個(gè)并列動(dòng)詞在翻譯時(shí)要注意保持原文的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。（5）Re-orientingtheglobalenvironmentisn'taneasyjob.Therearealotofvestedinterestwehavetocontendwith.重新規(guī)劃全球環(huán)境發(fā)展方向并非易事，我們必須與許多既得利益者博弈。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。Re-orient指“重新定位…”。vestedinterests是“既得利益”。contendwith是“與……作斗爭”，此處可以譯為“博弈”。[問答題]3.Passage1北京市婦女聯(lián)合會(huì)是北京地區(qū)各族各界婦女的群眾組織，也是中華全國婦女聯(lián)合會(huì)的地方組織。其基本職能是代表和維護(hù)婦女權(quán)益，促進(jìn)男女平等。北京市婦聯(lián)的最高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)是北京市婦女代表大會(huì)，每五年舉行一次。北京市第十四次婦女代表大會(huì)于2019年6月18日開幕。過去五年，北京市認(rèn)真貫徹男女平等的基本國策，制定了一系列惠及婦女兒童的法規(guī)政策，大力實(shí)施婦女兒童發(fā)展規(guī)劃，持續(xù)完善婦女工作的科學(xué)機(jī)制，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和支持婦聯(lián)改革不斷取得新成效。當(dāng)前，北京正努力把北京市建成國際一流的和諧宜居之都。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，需要包括婦女在內(nèi)的全市人民共同奮斗。北京市各級(jí)婦聯(lián)組織應(yīng)認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)貫徹習(xí)近平總書記關(guān)于婦女和婦女工作的重要論述，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)責(zé)任感和使命感，堅(jiān)持服務(wù)大局，深化婦聯(lián)改革，充分發(fā)揮婦女的“兩個(gè)獨(dú)特作用”，維護(hù)婦女合法權(quán)益，幫助她們解決最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問題。同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)廣大婦女踐行社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀，堅(jiān)守社會(huì)公德、職業(yè)道德，弘揚(yáng)家庭美德、個(gè)人品德，傳承中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德，積極引領(lǐng)文明風(fēng)尚，鼓動(dòng)?jì)D女踏實(shí)干事創(chuàng)業(yè)，做自尊自信自立自強(qiáng)的新時(shí)代女性。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】北京市婦女聯(lián)合會(huì)是北京地區(qū)各族各界婦女的群眾組織，也是中華全國婦女聯(lián)合會(huì)的地方組織。其基本職能是代表和維護(hù)婦女權(quán)益，促進(jìn)男女平等。北京市婦聯(lián)的最高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)是北京市婦女代表大會(huì)，每五年舉行一次。北京市第十四次婦女代表大會(huì)于2019年6月18日開幕。TheBeijingWomen’sFederation(BWF)isamassorganizationofwomenfromallwalksoflifeandwomenofallethnicgroupsinBeijing,aswellasalocalorganizationundertheAll-ChinaWomen’sFederation.Withthefunctionofrepresentingandsafeguardingwomen’srightsandinterests,BWFiscommittedtopromotinggenderequality.AsthehighestauthorityofBWF,theBeijingWomen’sCongressisheldeveryfiveyears,withthe14thCongressconvenedonJune18,2019.過去五年，北京市認(rèn)真貫徹男女平等的基本國策，制定了一系列惠及婦女兒童的法規(guī)政策，大力實(shí)施婦女兒童發(fā)展規(guī)劃，持續(xù)完善婦女工作的科學(xué)機(jī)制，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和支持婦聯(lián)改革不斷取得新成效。當(dāng)前，北京正努力把北京市建成國際一流的和諧宜居之都。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，需要包括婦女在內(nèi)的全市人民共同奮斗。Overthepastfiveyears,Beijing,fullyinlinewiththebasicstatepolicyofgenderequality,hasputinplaceaseriesoflawsandpoliciesthatbenefitwomenandchildrenandcarriedoutplansdedicatedtobothgroups’development.Asaresultofitsexcellentleadershipandrelentlessreforms,wenowhaveasoundermechanismtodealwithwomen-relatedwork,andabetter-performingBWF.Atpresent,Beijingstrivestobuilditselfintoaworld-classharmoniousandlivablecity,whichcallsforthejointeffortsfromallinthecity,includingwomen.北京市各級(jí)婦聯(lián)組織應(yīng)認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)貫徹習(xí)近平總書記關(guān)于婦女和婦女工作的重要論述，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)責(zé)任感和使命感，堅(jiān)持服務(wù)大局，深化婦聯(lián)改革，充分發(fā)揮婦女的“兩個(gè)獨(dú)特作用”，維護(hù)婦女合法權(quán)益，幫助她們解決最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問題。同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)廣大婦女踐行社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀，堅(jiān)守社會(huì)公德、職業(yè)道德，弘揚(yáng)家庭美德、個(gè)人品德，傳承中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德，積極引領(lǐng)文明風(fēng)尚，鼓動(dòng)?jì)D女踏實(shí)干事創(chuàng)業(yè)，做自尊自信自立自強(qiáng)的新時(shí)代女性。Women’sfederationsatalllevelsinBeijingshallthoroughlystudyandpracticethethoughtsofGeneralSecretaryXiJinpinginhisstatementonwomenandwomen-relatedwork,furtherenhancetheirsenseofresponsibilityandmission,andservetheoverallinterests.Theyshalldeepenreformswiththepurposeofgivingfullplaytowomen's“twospecialroles”insocialandfamilylife,andprotectthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofwomenbyaddressingproblemsthatconcernwomenthemost.Atthesametime,womenshallbeencouragedtopracticethesocialistcorevalues,adheretosocialmoralityandprofessionalethics,promotefamilyvirtuesandpersonalintegrity,inheritthegeneoftraditionalChinesevirtues,andfosteracivilizedculture.Moreshouldbedonetoencouragewomentodeveloptheirowncareers,andthat’showtheycanbecomemodernwomenfeaturingself-esteem,self-confidence,self-relianceandself-improvement.解析（1）北京市婦聯(lián)的最高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)是北京市婦女代表大會(huì)，每五年舉行一次。北京市第十四次婦女代表大會(huì)于2019年6月18日開幕。AsthehighestauthorityofBWF,theBeijingWomen’sCongressisheldeveryfiveyears,withthe14thCongressconvenedonJune18,2019.[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。“北京市第十四次婦女代表大會(huì)于2019年6月18日開幕”這個(gè)句子譯為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，而沒有保留原句的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，既避免時(shí)態(tài)問題，又能使得合句后結(jié)構(gòu)清晰明了?！白罡邫?quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)”是highestauthority，“北京市婦女代表大會(huì)”是專有術(shù)語，譯為theBeijingWomen’sCongress。（2）過去五年，北京市認(rèn)真貫徹男女平等的基本國策，制定了一系列惠及婦女兒童的法規(guī)政策，大力實(shí)施婦女兒童發(fā)展規(guī)劃，持續(xù)完善婦女工作的科學(xué)機(jī)制，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和支持婦聯(lián)改革不斷取得新成效。Overthepastfiveyears,Beijing,fullyinlinewiththebasicstatepolicyofgenderequality,hasputinplaceaseriesoflawsandpoliciesthatbenefitwomenandchildrenandcarriedoutplansdedicatedtobothgroups’development.Asaresultofitsexcellentleadershipandrelentlessreforms,wenowhaveasoundermechanismtodealwithwomen-relatedwork,andabetter-performingBWF.[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。這個(gè)長句中有多個(gè)謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，在翻譯時(shí)要進(jìn)行切分，按照邏輯點(diǎn)將句子重整?！罢J(rèn)真貫徹男女平等的基本國策”可以作為狀語成分，譯為inlinewiththebasicstatepolicyofgenderequality?！爸贫恕ㄒ?guī)政策，大力實(shí)施…發(fā)展規(guī)劃”結(jié)構(gòu)一致，可以在一句內(nèi)進(jìn)行翻譯。后面的內(nèi)容則可以另起一句，轉(zhuǎn)譯為“在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和改革下，我們已經(jīng)建立起科學(xué)的機(jī)制和更加完善的婦聯(lián)”,即Asaresultofitsexcellentleadershipandrelentlessreforms,wenowhaveasoundermechanismtodealwithwomen-relatedwork,andabetter-performingBWF。（3）同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)廣大婦女踐行社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀，堅(jiān)守社會(huì)公德、職業(yè)道德，弘揚(yáng)家庭美德、個(gè)人品德，傳承中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德，積極引領(lǐng)文明風(fēng)尚，鼓動(dòng)?jì)D女踏實(shí)干事創(chuàng)業(yè)，做自尊自信自立自強(qiáng)的新時(shí)代女性。Atthesametime,womenshallbeencouragedtopracticethesocialistcorevalues,adheretosocialmoralityandprofessionalethics,promotefamilyvirtuesandpersonalintegrity,inheritthegeneoftraditionalChinesevirtues,andfosteracivilizedculture.Moreshouldbedonetoencouragewomentodeveloptheirowncareers,andthat’showtheycanbecomemodernwomenfeaturingself-esteem,self-confidence,self-relianceandself-improvement.[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。這個(gè)句子是無主句結(jié)構(gòu)，可以將主語變?yōu)閣omen，“鼓勵(lì)廣大婦女”譯為womenshallbeencouragedto…。注意區(qū)分“社會(huì)公德”和“職業(yè)道德”，ethics多和行業(yè)、職業(yè)連用，morality多和社會(huì)、個(gè)人連用。[問答題]4.Passage2“十三五”期間，中國堅(jiān)定不移走生態(tài)優(yōu)先，綠色發(fā)展之路，全力以赴建設(shè)人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化。第一，建制度，立規(guī)章，依靠法制護(hù)航綠色發(fā)展。近年來，從生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償?shù)缴鷳B(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)督察，從修訂大氣污染防治法到民法典，都充分體現(xiàn)綠色發(fā)展理念，并出臺(tái)了60多項(xiàng)相關(guān)配套制度，構(gòu)建起完善的生態(tài)環(huán)境法律框架，為綠色發(fā)展提供有力支撐。第二，治污染，調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，堅(jiān)決打好污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。5年來，我國向污染宣戰(zhàn)，實(shí)施大氣、水、土壤污染防治三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。不斷創(chuàng)新污染防治方式，不斷拓展防治領(lǐng)域，加大防治力度。2019年，全國重點(diǎn)城市PM2.5和二氧化硫平均濃度分別比2013年下降43%和73%，重污染天數(shù)下降81%。藍(lán)天越來越多，水質(zhì)越來越好，生態(tài)環(huán)境越來越美。第三，劃紅線，筑牢生態(tài)屏障，夯實(shí)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的綠色基礎(chǔ)。近年來，各地紛紛發(fā)布生態(tài)環(huán)境管控方案。如今，25%的陸地國土面積已被劃入生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線，并建立了1.18萬處自然保護(hù)地，占陸地國土面積的18%。隨著這些政策和措施的落實(shí)，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)逐步走向雙贏。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】“十三五”期間，中國堅(jiān)定不移走生態(tài)優(yōu)先，綠色發(fā)展之路，全力以赴建設(shè)人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化。Overtheperiodofthe13thFive-YearPlan(2016-2020),Chinahasstayedcommittedtogreendevelopmentwithaparticularfocusonecologicalconservation,anddevoteditselftoachievingmodernizationmarkedbyharmonybetweenmanandnature.第一，建制度，立規(guī)章，依靠法制護(hù)航綠色發(fā)展。近年來，從生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償?shù)缴鷳B(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)督察，從修訂大氣污染防治法到民法典，都充分體現(xiàn)綠色發(fā)展理念，并出臺(tái)了60多項(xiàng)相關(guān)配套制度，構(gòu)建起完善的生態(tài)環(huán)境法律框架，為綠色發(fā)展提供有力支撐。First,developlawsandregulationstoenhancethelegalframework.Legaldevelopmentsinrecentyearsfullyillustratethecountry’scommitmenttothephilosophyofgreendevelopment,fromlaunchingpilotprogramsoftheecologicalandenvironmentaldamagecompensationsystemtolaunchinginspectionsonecologicalandenvironmentalprotection,fromrevisingtheLawonthePreventionandControlofAtmosphericPollutiontoenactingtheCivilCode.Inaddition,morethan60supportingsystemshavebeenestablished.Inthisway,acomprehensivelegalframeworkforecologicalconservationhastakenshapethatcanbolsterupgreendevelopment.第二，治污染，調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，堅(jiān)決打好污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。5年來，我國向污染宣戰(zhàn)，實(shí)施大氣、水、土壤污染防治三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。不斷創(chuàng)新污染防治方式，不斷拓展防治領(lǐng)域，加大防治力度。2019年，全國重點(diǎn)城市PM2.5和二氧化硫平均濃度分別比2013年下降43%和73%，重污染天數(shù)下降81%。藍(lán)天越來越多，水質(zhì)越來越好，生態(tài)環(huán)境越來越美。Second,tackleenvironmentalissuesandrestructuretheeconomytostrengthenpreventionandcontrolefforts.Overthepastfiveyears,Chinahaswagedawaragainstpollution,withaparticularfocusonheavyair,water,andsoilpollution,bydevelopinginnovativesolutionstopreventionandcontrol,expandingcleanupcampaignsintonewsectors,andscalingupenvironmentalactivitiesonallfronts.Thankstotheseefforts,theaverageconcentrationsofPM2.5andsulfurdioxideinprioritycitiesdroppedby43%and73%respectivelyin2019,comparedwiththelevelsin2013,andthenumberofheavilypollute