英語等級(jí)考試《PETS四級(jí)》試題真題及答案三

英語等級(jí)考試《PETS四級(jí)》試題真題及答案三[問答題]1.Directions:66.Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanes（江南博哥）sayonthem.Inyouressay,youshould(1)describethepicturesbriefly,(2)analyzethissituation,and(3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Nobodycanlivehappilywithoutdreams,andnobodycanlivehappilyonlywithdreams.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考范文】DreamsandHardWorkInthefirstpicture,wecanseethatamanispullingaheavilyloadedcartwithdowncasteyes,notknowingtheroadbeforehim.Inthesecondone,themanislyingidlyanddaydreamingaboutbecomingamillionaireovernight,goingtothebestuniversity,andlivinginaluxuriousdepartment.Dreamsareimportantinthattheymotivatepeopleanddirectpeopletowardssuccess.Withdreams,peoplestriveforward,getcourageagainstobstacles,andworkhardtowardscertaingoals.Withoutdreams,wecannotachievegreatsuccess.Nomatterhowhardonetoils,hedoesn’tknowwhathegoesfor.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatonecouldachievesomethingonlywithdreams,fordreamthingsarenotreal.Imaginingthingswithoutmakingeffortsinthemisdaydreamingandamerewasteoftime.Onehastotakeactioninordertomakedreamscometrue.Dreamsareindispensableforsuccessinlife,yetdreamsalonewillnotwintheday.Onlywhenwetakedown-to-earthstepsshallsteadyprogressbemadeanddreamsberealized.Therefore,wemustcombineddreamsandhardworktoachievesuccess.【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】寫此類文章關(guān)鍵在于領(lǐng)悟圖片的深層含義。本文第一段對圖片進(jìn)行客觀描述；第二段陳述圖片所影射的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象并表達(dá)出你自己對該社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的看法，即夢想使人進(jìn)步，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該擁有夢想，但不能一味的空想，要付出實(shí)際行動(dòng)；第四段對以上內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，夢想是必不可少的，但不能只有夢想，而不行動(dòng)，因此我們要將夢想和勞動(dòng)結(jié)合起來?！鹃W光詞匯】dreamof／about夢想drivesb.forward推動(dòng)某人進(jìn)步dreamsareimportantinthat…夢想的重要性在于…directsth.towardssth.將某物引導(dǎo)到某處down-to-earth實(shí)際的，現(xiàn)實(shí)的共享題干題[問答題]1.Directions:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youmayraiseyourhandnowasyouwillnotbeallowedtospeakoncethetesthasstarted.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutBuckinghamPalaceandQueenElizabethwholivesinit.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someofthein-formationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.正確答案：1.1952(錄音中聽到“Shebecamequeenin1952”，由此可知伊麗莎白是在1952年成為女王的，即她是在1952年繼承王位的；cametothethrone“登基，繼承王位”。)2.summer(錄音中聽到“Shealsohasthreegardenpartiesinthesummer.”，即她是在夏天有三個(gè)花園宴會(huì)的。)3.seven(錄音中聽到“Sevenpeopletakecareofher”，由此可知，七個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)照料她。)4.breakfast(錄音中聽到“Duringbreakfast,amusicianplaysScottishmusicoutside”，由此可知再吃早飯的時(shí)候，外面播放著蘇格蘭音樂。)5.hospitals(錄音中聽到“Afterlunch,shevisitshospitalsorschools”，午餐過后，她通常會(huì)去拜訪醫(yī)院和學(xué)校，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校已經(jīng)給出，故此空應(yīng)填醫(yī)院。)【錄音原文】BuckinghamPalaceisinLondon,England.Itwasbuiltaround1705.It’sfamousbecauseQueenElizabethofEnglandlivesthere.Shebecamequeenin1952.BuckinghamPalaceisabigandbeautifulbuilding,aflagfliesonthepalace.Itfliesontopofthepalacewhenthequeenisthere.QueenElizabethandherfamilylivesonthesecondfloorofthepalace.Thequeenalsohasherofficeinthepalacewhereshemeetswithpresidents,kings,andpoliticians.QueenElizabethoftenaskssomeimportantpeopletohavedinneratthepalace.Shealsohasthreegardenpartiesinthesummer.Sheinvites9000peopletoeachparty.QueenElizabeth’sdaystartsat7:00inthemorning.Sevenpeopletakecareofher.Onepersonpreparesherclothes.Anotherpersontakescareofherdogs.Thequeenlovesdogs.Rightnowshehaseightdogs.EverydayamanbringsfoodforthedogstoQueenElizabeth’sroom.Thequeenputsthefoodinthebowlswithasilverspoon.At8:30everymorning,thequeenhasbreakfastwithherhusband,PrincePhilip.Theydrinkaspecialcoffeewithhotmilk.Duringbreakfast,amusicianplaysScottishmusicoutside.ThenQueenElizabethworksinherofficetherestofthemorning.Afterlunch,shevisitshospitalsorschools.[問答題]2.PartBDirections:ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearthelifestoryofAlexandertheGreat.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenomorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Alexanderwascalledagodbecausehewas6.______InwhichyeardidAlexanderbecomeking?7.______InwhichcountrydidAlexanderfoundanewcity?8.______WhatkindofpeopledidAlexanderrecruittoliveinthecitieshebuilt?9.______AtwhatagedidAlexanderdie?10.______正確答案：6.sopowerful(錄音開頭聽到“AlexandertheGreatwassopowerful—somepeoplecalledhimagod”，由此可知，亞歷山大帝很強(qiáng)大，所以一些人稱他為神。)7.336B.C(錄音中聽到“Inthesummerof336B.C.,hisfatherwasmurderedbyoneofhisbodyguards.AlexanderthenbecameKing”，由此可知，在公元前336年的夏天，他的父親被護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)里的一員謀殺了，他成為了國王。)8.Egypt.(錄音中聽到“AtthemouthofNileRiverinnorthernEgypt,Alexanderfoundedanewcity”，由此可知亞歷山大帝在埃及建立了一個(gè)新的城池。)9.soldiers,merchantsandscholars(錄音中聽到“Herecruitedsoldiers,merchantsandscholarsfrommanylandstosettleinthem”，由此可知，在新建的城池里，他招收士兵，商人和學(xué)者來定居。)10.33(錄音結(jié)尾聽到“WhilehewasinIraq,hecaughtafeveranddiedattheageof33.Hisempirewastridedup”，由此可知，亞歷山大帝在33歲的時(shí)候就英年早逝了，他的帝國也走向分裂。)【錄音原文】HewasaKing,acommander,andaconqueror.AlexandertheGreatwassopowerful—somepeoplecalledhimagod.He’soneofthegreatestgeneralsinhistory.Alexanderwasbornin356B.C.Hisfather,KingPhilipII,hiredthefamousGreekphilosopherAristotletotutoryoungAlexander.Inthesummerof336B.C.,hisfatherwasmurderedbyoneofhisbodyguards.AlexanderthenbecameKing.Manypeople,insideandout-sidethiscountry,floodedagainsttheyoungking.ButAlexanderwasshrewd.Hequicklyorderedtheexecutionofallthosewhowereagainsthim.Crashedtherebellionsandrestoredhisrule.Nextin334B.C.,AlexanderturnedhisattentiontowardthePersianEmpireinsouthwestAsia.Theirarmiesmetin333B.C.andfoughtafiercebattle.AlexanderwonandthePersianEmperorfled.AlexanderthenlethissoldierssouthintotheEgyptwhereheceasedpower.AtthemouthofNileRiverinnorthernEgypt,Alexanderfoundedanewcity.Henamedthecity“Alexanderia”.Alexanderwasamilitarygeniusandagreatestexplorer.Healsohadagrandambition.Hewantedtoruleaworldempirewherepeoplecouldliveinpeacewithoneanother.Ashetraveled,hebuiltmorecities.Herecruitedsoldiers,merchantsandscholarsfrommanylandstosettleinthem.In326B.C.AlexanderturnedsouthintoIndia.Butbythenhismenweretiredandweak.Thesoldiersrebelledandrefusedtogofarther.Althoughhewasnotwilling,Alexanderhadtoturnback.By323B.ChereachedBabyloninIraq.WhilehewasinIraq,hecaughtafeveranddiedattheageof33.Hisempirewastridedup.[單選題]3.PartCDirections:Youwillhearthreedialoguesormonologues.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhave5secondstoreadeachofthequestionswhichaccompanyit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhave10secondstocheckyouranswertoeachquestion.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingconversationbetweenadriverandapoliceofficer.Whydidthepoliceofficerstopthedriver?A.Thedriverexceededthespeedlimit.B.Thedriverdidn’tstopatthezebracrossing.C.Theofficerwasconductingaroutinecheck.D.Theofficerfoundthecar’sbrakelightswereout.正確答案：A參考解析：錄音中聽到女士詢問“Sir,didyourealizeyouwerespeedingintheschoolzone?”，即“先生，你知道你在學(xué)校區(qū)域超速了嗎？”，由此可推知警察叫住司機(jī)的原因是他超速了。[單選題]4.Whydidthedrivermentionhiswife’scousin’shusband?A.Toprovehisconnectionwiththeofficer.B.Toshowhimselfasaninfluentialman.C.Toinfluencethepoliceofficer.D.Toestablishanewfriendship.正確答案：A參考解析：錄音中聽到“Mywife’scousin’shusband,IthinkhisnameisBrad,worksforthepolicedepartmenthere.Orwasthereafiredepartment?Anyway,Ithinkyoumightbegoodfriends,andyouknow,…”，由此可知男士是想證明他和這位警察有關(guān)系。[單選題]5.Whatdidthepoliceofficerthreatentodo?A.Givethedriveraticket.B.Takethedrivertocourt.C.Retainthedriver’scar.D.Takethedrivertothepolicestation.正確答案：C參考解析：錄音中聽到“Sowhat’sthatgottodowithit?Doyouwantmetore-holdyourcarrightnowbecauseoftheseviolations?”，女士明顯有些生氣，提示男士是否想再次因?yàn)檫`規(guī)拘押扣留他的車。violations“違規(guī)”；由此可知警察威脅拘押扣留他的車?！句浺粼摹縒:OK.MayIseeyourdriver’slicense,please?M:What?DidIdoanythingwrong?W:License,please,andyourcarregistration.M:Ohyeah...It’sheresomewhereintheglovecompartment.Yeah,hereitis.W:Sir,didyourealizeyouwerespeedingintheschoolzone?M:What?No,Ididn’t.That’sprobablybecausemymeterisbroken.Imean“milefunctioning”.W:Yes,youweregoing50milesperhourina20milesperhourzone.And...M:What?W:Andyoufailedtocometothecompletestopatthecrossroadbackthere.M:Rollingstopsdon’tcome.W:Andoneofyourbrakelightsisout.M:Oh...W:Youwerenotwearingaseatbelt.Andyourdriver’slicense’sexpiredsixmonthsago.M:And...Yournameis...OfficerSmiths.Hey!AreyourelatedtotheSmithsintown?Mywife’scousin’shusband,IthinkhisnameisBrad,worksforthepolicedepartmenthere.Orwasthereafiredepartment?Anyway,Ithinkyoumightbegoodfriends,andyouknow,...W:Sowhat’sthatgottodowithit?Doyouwantmetore-holdyourcarrightnowbecauseoftheseviolations?M:No,ofcoursenot.W:OK,then.Hereisyourticket.Youcaneitherpayitorcallhimtopayinthefinalminute.Haveaniceday!M:Doyoutakecash?[單選題]6.Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingtalkonKwanzaa,anAfricanAmericanculturalholiday.WhatistheoriginofKwanzaarelatedto?A.Religion.B.Familylife.C.Agriculture.D.Community.正確答案：C參考解析：錄音中聽到“Theword“Kwanzaa”pronounced“kuangza”,comesfromaSwahiliphrasethatmeans“firstfruits”，fruits指的是農(nóng)業(yè)收獲的果實(shí)，由此可知寬扎節(jié)的來源與農(nóng)業(yè)有關(guān)。[單選題]7.WhichofthefollowingcolorsisusedfordecorationinKwanzaa?A.Yellow.B.Green.C.White.D.Blue.正確答案：B參考解析：錄音中聽到“ThecolorsofKwanzaaareblack,red,andgreen.”，由此可知寬扎節(jié)的顏色通常是紅的，黑色和綠色，選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合。[單選題]8.Whatdothesevencandlesstandfor?A.Principles.B.Cultures.C.Tribes.D.Colors.正確答案：A參考解析：錄音中聽到“EachdayacandleislittorepresentoneofthesevenprinciplesofblackculturedevelopedbyKarenga.”，由此可知，每一枝點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭代表黑人文化的一個(gè)原則。【錄音原文】KwanzaaisanAfricanAmericanculturalholiday.BeginsontheDecember26th,andlastssevenfulldaysthroughJanuary1st.Kwanzaacelebratesfamily,community,andAfricanheritageandculture.MillionsofpeoplecelebrateKwanzaaeveryyearintheUnitedStates.Africancommunitiesandmanyotherpartsoftheworldalsocelebratetheholiday.Theword“Kwanzaa”pronounced“kuangza”,comesfromaSwahiliphrasethatmeans“firstfruits”.SwahiliisoneofthemostwidelyspokenlanguagesinAfrica.Thefirstfruitsorthefirstcropsharvestedattheendoftheyear’sgrowingseason.HarvestcelebrationinAfricadatebackthousandsofyears.ModernharvestcelebrationsstilltakeplaceinmanypartsofAfrica.AndanAfricanAmericanscholarnamedMaulunaKarengadevelopedKwanzaaintheUnitedStatesin1966.KarengawantedaspecialtimeforAfricanAmericanstohonortheirAfricanheritage,andtheirownAfricanAmericanculture.KarengawantedKwanzaatobeatimeofgatheringforfamiliesandfriendsforgivingthanks.Sincethe1960s,Kwanzaahasspreadtomanyotherpartsoftheworld.ThecolorsofKwanzaaareblack,red,andgreen.ThesecolorswereimportantsymbolsinancientAfrica.PeoplecelebrateKwanzaabydecoratingtheirhomeswiththesecolors.OtherdecorationsincludetraditionalAfricancrafts,suchascolorfulclothandwovenbaskets.Inmanyhomes,familiesexchangegifts.AmajorpartofKwanzaaisthelightingofsevencandles,calledIIshumma.EachdayacandleislittorepresentoneofthesevenprinciplesofblackculturedevelopedbyKarenga.TheseprinciplesencouragepeopletolivewellaccordingtoAfricanideals.[單選題]9.Questions17—20arebasedonthefollowingtalkabouttheWorldBank.WhenwastheWorldBankofficiallyfounded?A.In1944.B.In1946.C.In1949.D.In2000.正確答案：B參考解析：錄音中聽到“ItsfoundationsrelateattheUNMonetaryandFinancialConferenceatBreatwoodsin1944,andofficiallycametolifein1946.”，由此可知世界銀行的成立是在1944年，但是官方認(rèn)證的成立時(shí)間是1946年，而題目問的是官方認(rèn)證的。[單選題]10.TheWorldBankdreamsofaworldwithoutA.inequalityB.povertyC.oppressionD.conflicts正確答案：B參考解析：錄音中聽到“Itsaysthatitsdreamisaworldfreeofpoverty.”，由此可知，世界銀行的理想是世界沒有貧窮。[單選題]11.WhatdoweknowabouttheWorldBankmembercountries?A.Theyhaveequalsay.B.Theydecideonthebank’swork.C.Theyaretheboardmembers.D.Theyareitsshareholders.正確答案：D參考解析：錄音中聽到“MembersareshareholdersoftheBank”，由此可知世界銀行的成員都是它的股東。[單選題]12.HowmanyleadingcontributorsdoestheWorldBankhave?A.24.B.19.C.5.D.3.正確答案：C參考解析：錄音中聽到“TheleadingcontributorsaretheUnitedStates,Japan,Germany,France,andtheUnitedKingdom.”，由此可知，世界銀行的重要參與者是美國，日本，德國，法國和英國，一共5個(gè)國家?！句浺粼摹縏heWorldBankisanUNorganization.Itwassetuptofinanceprojectstofurthertheeconomicdevelopmentofitsmembernations.ItsfoundationsrelateattheUNMonetaryandFinancialConferenceatBreatwoodsin1944,andofficiallycametolifein1946.Backinthepost-warera,theBankmadeloansforthereconstructionofEurope.LatertheemphasisshiftedfromEuropetothedevelopingworld.In2000,theBanklentalmost16billiondollarstoitsclientcountries.Itsaysthatitsdreamisaworldfreeofpoverty.Muchofthemoneythengoestowardstheefforttostrengthenandbuildcapitalmarkets.Anothersliceofmoneyisloanedforprojects,suchaswatersupply,andsanitation.TherearethreemainsourcesoffundsfortheBank—subscriptionshitupbymembercountries,bondissuesontheworldfinancialmarkets,andnetearningsontheBank’sassets.TheWorldBankhas183membercountries.AllmembersmustfirstjointheInternationalMonetaryFund.MembersareshareholdersoftheBank.Theydonotallpullequalweightwithintheorganization.TheleadingcontributorsaretheUnitedStates,Japan,Germany,France,andtheUnitedKingdom.TheyhavethebiggestsayinWorldBankpolicy.EachofthesefivecountrieshasanomineeontheBank’sboardofexecutivedirectors.Theremaining178countriesare—betweenthem—allowedtonominateatotalof19otherboardmembers.ItisthisselectboardthatdecidesontheBank’swork.Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly(21)______whichunderstandsthatothershavetheirownpersonalthoughts.Thatunderstandingisknowninthe(22)______ashavinga“theoryofmind,”anditisconsideredthe(23)______tosuchcherishedhuman(24)______assympathyanddeception.Biologistshavelearnedtotreatsuch(25)______withcaution.BerndHeinrichandThomasBugnyardescribeanexperimenttheyhavecarriedout(26)______ravens.(27)______togazeisreckonedtobeagood(28)______ofthedevelopmentoftheoryofmindinhumanchildren.(29)______about18months,mostchildrenareabletofollowthegazeofanotherperson,and(30)______thingsaboutthegazerfromit.Failureto(31)______thistrickisanearlysymptomofautism,asyndromewhosemainunderlyingfeatureisa(n)(32)______tounderstandthatotherpeoplehave(33)______,too.To(34)______whetherravenscouldfollowgaze,DrHeinrichusedsixsix-month-oldhand-rearedravens.Thebirdswereset,oneatatime,onaperchononesideofaroomdividedbyabarrier.Anexperimenterinfrontofthebarrier(35)______hisheadandeyesinaparticular(36)______andgazedfor30secondsbeforelooking(37)______DrHeinrichfoundthatallthebirdswereabletofollowthegazeoftheexperimenters,even(38)______thebarrier.Inthe(39)______case,thecuriousbirdseitherjumpeddownfromtheperchandwalkedaroundthebarriertohavea(40)______orleaptontopofitandpeeredover.[單選題]13.______.A.categoryB.groupC.raceD.species正確答案：D參考解析：category種類；group群體；race種族；species物種。根據(jù)空前哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類是唯一的……，及下文對渡鴉的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，此處表達(dá)的意思是人類自認(rèn)為是一個(gè)知道他人有自己想法的特殊物種，這里從科學(xué)的角度看待自然界的事物，并不是單純的分類，故答案為D項(xiàng)。Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly(21)______whichunderstandsthatothershavetheirownpersonalthoughts.Thatunderstandingisknowninthe(22)______ashavinga“theoryofmind,”anditisconsideredthe(23)______tosuchcherishedhuman(24)______assympathyanddeception.Biologistshavelearnedtotreatsuch(25)______withcaution.BerndHeinrichandThomasBugnyardescribeanexperimenttheyhavecarriedout(26)______ravens.(27)______togazeisreckonedtobeagood(28)______ofthedevelopmentoftheoryofmindinhumanchildren.(29)______about18months,mostchildrenareabletofollowthegazeofanotherperson,and(30)______thingsaboutthegazerfromit.Failureto(31)______thistrickisanearlysymptomofautism,asyndromewhosemainunderlyingfeatureisa(n)(32)______tounderstandthatotherpeoplehave(33)______,too.To(34)______whetherravenscouldfollowgaze,DrHeinrichusedsixsix-month-oldhand-rearedravens.Thebirdswereset,oneatatime,onaperchononesideofaroomdividedbyabarrier.Anexperimenterinfrontofthebarrier(35)______hisheadandeyesinaparticular(36)______andgazedfor30secondsbeforelooking(37)______DrHeinrichfoundthatallthebirdswereabletofollowthegazeoftheexperimenters,even(38)______thebarrier.Inthe(39)______case,thecuriousbirdseitherjumpeddownfromtheperchandwalkedaroundthebarriertohavea(40)______orleaptontopofitandpeeredover.[單選題]14.______.A.perspectiveB.tradeC.businessD.skill正確答案：A參考解析：perspective觀點(diǎn)、視角；trade貿(mào)易；business商業(yè)；skill技能。根據(jù)上文中提到的“thatunderstanding”和下文中的“theoryofmind”可知，此處表達(dá)的是從這一角度來看，故答案為A項(xiàng)。Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly(21)______whichunderstandsthatothershavetheirownpersonalthoughts.Thatunderstandingisknowninthe(22)______ashavinga“theoryofmind,”anditisconsideredthe(23)______tosuchcherishedhuman(24)______assympathyanddeception.Biologistshavelearnedtotreatsuch(25)______withcaution.BerndHeinrichandThomasBugnyardescribeanexperimenttheyhavecarriedout(26)______ravens.(27)______togazeisreckonedtobeagood(28)______ofthedevelopmentoftheoryofmindinhumanchildren.(29)______about18months,mostchildrenareabletofollowthegazeofanotherperson,and(30)______thingsaboutthegazerfromit.Failureto(31)______thistrickisanearlysymptomofautism,asyndromewhosemainunderlyingfeatureisa(n)(32)______tounderstandthatotherpeoplehave(33)______,too.To(34)______whetherravenscouldfollowgaze,DrHeinrichusedsixsix-month-oldhand-rearedravens.Thebirdswereset,oneatatime,onaperchononesideofaroomdividedbyabarrier.Anexperimenterinfrontofthebarrier(35)______hisheadandeyesinaparticular(36)______andgazedfor30secondsbeforelooking(37)______DrHeinrichfoundthatallthebirdswereabletofollowthegazeoftheexperimenters,even(38)______thebarrier.Inthe(39)______case,thecuriousbirdseitherjumpeddownfromtheperchandwalkedaroundthebarriertohavea(40)______orleaptontopofitandpeeredover.[單選題]15.______.A.secretB.attributionC.alternativeD.gateway正確答案：B參考解析：secret秘密；attribution歸因；alternative選擇；gateway門，途徑。由句意可知此處表達(dá)的意思是“心理理論”是人類同情與欺騙等寶貴特質(zhì)的原因，解釋人類的秘密，故答案為B項(xiàng)。Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly(21)______whichunderstandsthatothershavetheirownpersonalthoughts.Thatunderstandingisknowninthe(22)______ashavinga“theoryofmind,”anditisconsideredthe(23)______tosuchcherishedhuman(24)______assympathyanddeception.Biologistshavelearnedtotreatsuch(25)______withcaution.BerndHeinrichandThomasBugnyardescribeanexperimenttheyhavecarriedout(26)______ravens.(27)______togazeisreckonedtobeagood(28)______ofthedevelopmentoftheoryofmindinhumanchildren.(29)______about18months,mostchildrenareabletofollowthegazeofanotherperson,and(30)______thingsaboutthegazerfromit.Failureto(31)______thistrickisanearlysymptomofautism,asyndromewhosemainunderlyingfeatureisa(n)(32)______tounderstandthatotherpeoplehave(33)______,too.To(34)______whetherravenscouldfollowgaze,DrHeinrichusedsixsix-month-oldhand-rearedravens.Thebirdswereset,oneatatime,onaperchononesideofaroomdividedbyabarrier.Anexperimenterinfrontofthebarrier(35)______hisheadandeyesinaparticular(36)______andgazedfor30secondsbeforelooking(37)______DrHeinrichfoundthatallthebirdswereabletofollowthegazeoftheexperimenters,even(38)______thebarrier.Inthe(39)______case,thecuriousbirdseitherjumpeddownfromtheperchandwalkedaroundthebarriertohavea(40)______orleaptontopofitandpeeredover.[單選題]16.______.A.qualitiesB.operationsC.habitsD.values正確答案：A參考解析：qualities特質(zhì)；operations手術(shù)；運(yùn)營；habits習(xí)慣；values價(jià)值觀。根據(jù)空后提到的“sympathyanddeception”可知，此處表達(dá)的是人類的特質(zhì)，類似同情與欺騙等特質(zhì)是其他物種不具有的，故答案為A項(xiàng)。Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly(21)______whichunderstandsthatothershavetheirownpersonalthoughts.Thatunderstandingisknowninthe(22)______ashavinga“theoryofmind,”anditisconsideredthe(23)______tosuchcherishedhuman(24)______assympathyanddeception.Biologistshavelearnedtotreatsuch(25)______withcaution.BerndHeinrichandThomasBugnyardescribeanexperimenttheyhavecarriedout(26)______ravens.(27)______togazeisreckonedtobeagood(28)______ofthedevelopmentoftheoryofmindinhumanchildren.(29)______about18months,mostchildrenareabletofollowthegazeofanotherperson,and(30)______thingsaboutthegazerfromit.Failureto(31)______thistrickisanearlysymptomofautism,asyndromewhosemainunderlyingfeatureisa(n)(32)______tounderstandthatotherpeoplehave(33)______,too.To(34)______whetherravenscouldfollowgaze,DrHeinrichusedsixsix-month-oldhand-rearedravens.Thebirdswereset,oneatatime,onaperchononesideofaroomdividedbyabarrier.Anexperimenterinfrontofthebarrier(35)______hisheadandeyesinaparticular(36)______andgazedfor30secondsbeforelooking(37)______DrHeinrichfoundthatallthebirdswereabletofollowthegazeoftheexperimenters,even(38)______thebarrier.Inthe(39)______case,thecuriousbirdseitherjumpeddownfromtheperchandwalkedaroundthebarriertohavea(40)______orleaptontopofitandpeeredover.[單選題]17.______.A.comparisonsB.findingsC.assertionsD.studies正確答案：C參考解析：comparisons比較；findings發(fā)現(xiàn)；assertions斷言，論斷；studies研究。根據(jù)第一段可知，主要通過哲學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)來進(jìn)論證“人類喜歡把自己當(dāng)作例外”這一論點(diǎn)，而下文中提到有科學(xué)家對渡鴉進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)反駁該觀點(diǎn)，所以此處表達(dá)的意思是生物學(xué)家對哲學(xué)家的“斷言”提出的質(zhì)疑，因?yàn)檎軐W(xué)家并未做過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明，故答案為C項(xiàng)。Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly(21)______whichunderstandsthatothershavetheirownpersonalthoughts.Thatunderstandingisknowninthe(22)______ashavinga“theoryofmind,”anditisconsideredthe(23)______tosuchcherishedhuman(24)______assympathyanddeception.Biologistshavelearnedtotreatsuch(25)______withcaution.BerndHeinrichandThomasBugnyardescribeanexperimenttheyhavecarriedout(26)______ravens.(27)______togazeisreckonedtobeagood(28)______ofthedevelopmentoftheoryofmindinhumanchildren.(29)______about18months,mostchildrenareabletofollowthegazeofanotherperson,and(30)______thingsaboutthegazerfromit.Failureto(31)______thistrickisanearlysymptomofautism,asyndromewhosemainunderlyingfeatureisa(n)(32)______tounderstandthatotherpeoplehave(33)______,too.To(34)______whetherravenscouldfollowgaze,DrHeinrichusedsixsix-month-oldhand-rearedravens.Thebirdswereset,oneatatime,onaperchononesideofaroomdividedbyabarrier.Anexperimenterinfrontofthebarrier(35)______hisheadandeyesinaparticular(36)______andgazedfor30secondsbeforelooking(37)______DrHeinrichfoundthatallthebirdswereabletofollowthegazeoftheexperimenters,even(38)______thebarrier.Inthe(39)______case,thecuriousbirdseitherjumpeddownfromtheperchandwalkedaroundthebarriertohavea(40)______orleaptontopofitandpeeredover.[單選題]18.______.A.onB.toC.againstD.for正確答案：A參考解析：on在……上；關(guān)于；to向…方向；against相反，反對；for為了?？涨疤岬揭豁?xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，空后ravens是實(shí)驗(yàn)對象，因此該空是表示“關(guān)于，在……上”的介詞，on符合文意，故答案為A項(xiàng)。Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly(21)______whichunderstandsthatothershavetheirownpersonalthoughts.Thatunderstandingisknowninthe(22)______ashavinga“theoryofmind,”anditisconsideredthe(23)______tosuchcherishedhuman(24)______assympathyanddeception.Biologistshavelearnedtotreatsuch(25)______withcaution.BerndHeinrichandThomasBugnyardescribeanexperimenttheyhavecarriedout(26)______ravens.(27)______togazeisreckonedtobeagood(28)______ofthedevelopmentoftheoryofmindinhumanchildren.(29)______about18months,mostchildrenareabletofollowthegazeofanotherperson,and(30)______thingsaboutthegazerfromit.Failureto(31)______thistrickisanearlysymptomofautism,asyndromewhosemainunderlyingfeatureisa(n)(32)______tounderstandthatotherpeoplehave(33)______,too.To(34)______whetherravenscouldfollowgaze,DrHeinrichusedsixsix-month-oldhand-rearedravens.Thebirdswereset,oneatatime,onaperchononesideofaroomdividedbyabarrier.Anexperimenterinfrontofthebarrier(35)______hisheadandeyesinaparticular(36)______andgazedfor30secondsbeforelooking(37)______DrHeinrichfoundthatallthebirdswereabletofollowthegazeoftheexperimenters,even(38)______thebarrier.Inthe(39)______ca