【高考新風(fēng)向】專題四七選五2-英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)講義教師版

專題四七選五（二）【題型把握】該題型的閱讀材料長度為300詞左右，文中有五處空白，文后有七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求考生從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出五個(gè)能填入文章空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。該題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和前后文聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)分析和理解長難句的能力?！究季V解讀及命題趨勢】近年來，高考“7選5”的選文以說明文居多，主要考查標(biāo)題概括、主題句和過渡句等。今后，對主題句及過渡句的考查將仍是“7選5”的考查重點(diǎn)?！窘忸}技巧】步驟1通讀整篇文章快速瀏覽文章，把握段落文脈，尋找主題句，理出文章中心，掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章大意。注意文章的開始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章首段及末段的首尾句，因?yàn)椤伴_門見山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”為常見的寫作方式。首段的首尾句很可能是全文的主題所在，并可能簡要指出了文章的寫作思路，有時(shí)甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式呈現(xiàn)。步驟2詳讀段落在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，找出每段的關(guān)鍵詞，注意關(guān)鍵詞之間的關(guān)系。將所有句子按意義分出層次，再分析各層次之間的關(guān)系，明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。步驟3定位選項(xiàng)明確各選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中。填寫時(shí)尤其要注意各選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。步驟4通讀復(fù)檢將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)檢查邏輯關(guān)系。【知識(shí)清單】一．命題方式1、體裁以說明文為主，間或考查記敘文或議論文。主要圍繞人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與自我三大主題。2、傾向于不帶標(biāo)題或段落小標(biāo)題，但文章大都結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。3、設(shè)空位置以段中為主，從功能上來說主要考查：(1)主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容)(2)過渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu))(3)注釋性句子(上下文邏輯關(guān)系)選項(xiàng)特征文中的五處空白一般分布于各個(gè)段落的段首、段中或段尾。其選項(xiàng)一般分為四類：主題概括句、過渡句(反映文章結(jié)構(gòu))、細(xì)節(jié)理解句(反映上下文邏輯關(guān)系)、結(jié)論句。多余的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)也往往從這四個(gè)方面設(shè)置，例如主題概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過渡句不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，細(xì)節(jié)理解句與上下文脫節(jié)等。常用解題方法策略1分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及把握全文脈絡(luò)是解題的關(guān)鍵。語篇通常由段落構(gòu)成，所以分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)包括兩個(gè)層次：一是分析段落之間的層次，也就是語篇層次；二是分析每個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次，即句際層次，尤其是選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這是確定答案的主要依據(jù)。策略2辨別語境線索語境線索主要指反映上下文關(guān)系的銜接手段，如篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、原文復(fù)現(xiàn)、邏輯關(guān)系、連接、指稱、同構(gòu)等。原文復(fù)現(xiàn)是指詞或短語的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，但這里不僅是指詞或短語的簡單重現(xiàn)，還指某一詞或短語可能以不同詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)，如read,reading,reader,readers，還可能是以同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等形式出現(xiàn)。邏輯關(guān)系是指上下文之間內(nèi)在的、必然的聯(lián)系，包括時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等。連接是指用連接詞或連接語表明上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如and,however。指稱是指用代詞替代前文已出現(xiàn)的人物、事件、物品等，如he,she,they。同構(gòu)是指上下文使用了相同或類似的句式。策略3注意一些關(guān)鍵詞(1)注意代詞。代詞是用來指代名詞或句子的。做題時(shí)，一定要注意句中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或指示代詞，通過代詞在句中所作的成分推斷出它指代的成分的類型，進(jìn)而從選項(xiàng)中找到答案。(2)注意疑問詞。如果選項(xiàng)中或設(shè)空處前出現(xiàn)疑問詞，一定要把這句話仔細(xì)讀幾遍，因?yàn)獒槍Σ煌蓡栐~的回答方式是不一樣的。比如對why的回答，要用because等表示原因的詞；對when的回答，要用表示時(shí)間的狀語；對where的回答，要用表示地點(diǎn)的狀語；對how的回答，要用表示方式或程度的狀語等。(3)注意連接詞或短語。①因果關(guān)系：so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等；②并列關(guān)系：first,second,third;firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;foronething,foranother等；③轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,instead,though,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,conversely,otherwise等；④遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：also,further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,what'smore,notonly…butalso…等。【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】ACatbehaviorscanvaryenormouslyfromonecattoanother.Theyarecertainlyinterestingcreatureswithmanycuteandsometimesstrangehabitsthatoftenhaveuswondering.1Whydocatslikehighplaces?Wildcatswerehunters,andfrequentinghighplacesmeanttheyhadsomewheresafetoviewtheirterritory,watchfordanger,andattackprey.2Ourdomesticatedcatsalsoenjoywatchingtheworldfromabove,whichprovidesthemwithasafe,calmplaceawayfromtheactivityinahouse.3Bothwildanddomesticcatsaredrawntohidingandsleepingincontainedareas.Athome,itisoftenthehumblecardboardbox.Catsarepredators,andaboxoffersaperfectplacetohidewhilewaitingforpreyandalsotopouncefrom,asonlyoneentranceexists.Whydoesmycatgive“gifts”?Catsarewellknownforleavingusgiftsthatwemaynotwant,suchaslizardsormice.4Showingofftheircatchtoyoumeansyouareapartoftheirfamilyandtheywanttoshowyoutheirhuntingskills.5Besuretoofferyourcatavarietyoftoystohelpthemsatisfythesenaturalhuntinginstincts.【選項(xiàng)】A．Whydocatssitinboxes?B．Catsarepredatorsandwillhuntifallowedoutdoors.C．Whydocatslikeplayingwithboxes?D．ThisappearstobeembeddedintotheirDNA．E．Don’texpressanger,astheywillnotunderstand.F．Acat’snaturalbehavioristowithdrawandhideinstresssituation.G．VeterinarianDrKatrinaWarrenprovidesanswerstoyourquestionsaboutcatbehaviors.【答案】1．G

2．D

3．A

4．B

5．E【詳解】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了關(guān)于貓的一些奇怪行為的解答；1．上文“Catbehaviorscanvaryenormouslyfromonecattoanother.

Theyarecertainlyinterestingcreatureswithmanycuteandsometimesstrangehabitsthatoftenhaveuswondering.”（貓的行為因貓而異。它們當(dāng)然是有趣的生物，有許多可愛的，有時(shí)是奇怪的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常讓我們感到好奇。）引出話題，說明貓的行為讓人好奇。以及下文“Whydocatslikehighplaces?”（為什么貓喜歡高處？）和“Whydoesmycatgive“gifts”?”（為什么我的貓會(huì)送“禮物”？）兩個(gè)問題。故可推斷空格處內(nèi)容為將會(huì)為你解答有關(guān)貓行為的問題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)G項(xiàng)“獸醫(yī)卡特里娜·沃倫博士將為您解答有關(guān)貓行為的問題?！狈洗送茢啵鸬缴舷挛牡某猩蠁⑾伦饔?。故選G項(xiàng)；2．上文“Whydocatslikehighplaces?Wildcatswerehunters,andfrequentinghighplacesmeanttheyhadsomewheresafetoviewtheirterritory,watchfordanger,andattackprey.”（為什么貓喜歡高處？野貓是獵人，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在高處意味著它們有一個(gè)安全的地方來觀察自己的領(lǐng)土，觀察危險(xiǎn)，攻擊獵物。）說明貓喜歡從高處看東西。下文“Ourdomesticatedcatsalsoenjoywatchingtheworldfromabove,whichprovidesthemwithasafe,calmplaceawayfromtheactivityinahouse.”（我們家養(yǎng)的貓也喜歡從上面看世界，這為它們提供了一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離室內(nèi)活動(dòng)的安全、平靜的地方。）再次舉例證明貓的這一性格特點(diǎn)。故可推斷空格處內(nèi)容為這或許是貓的一種天生具有的特性。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)“這似乎是嵌入到它們的DNA中?！狈洗送茢啵瑸樯舷挛牡某猩蠁⑾?，上下文語意連貫。故選D項(xiàng)；3．由文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空為小標(biāo)題，為總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容，也是其中之一的問題。該段下文“Bothwildanddomesticcatsaredrawntohidingandsleepingincontainedareas.Athome,itisoftenthehumblecardboardbox.Catsarepredators,andaboxoffersaperfectplacetohidewhilewaitingforpreyandalsotopouncefrom,asonlyoneentranceexists.”（野貓和家貓都喜歡躲在封閉的地方睡覺。在家里，它通常是簡陋的紙板箱。貓是掠食者，盒子是等待獵物和猛撲的絕佳藏身之處，因?yàn)橹挥幸粋€(gè)入口。）可知，講的是貓喜歡待的地方。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A項(xiàng)“貓為什么坐在盒子里？”意思一致，為總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)；4．根據(jù)下文“Showingofftheircatchtoyoumeansyouareapartoftheirfamilyandtheywanttoshowyoutheirhuntingskills.”（向你炫耀它們的獵物意味著你是它們家庭的一員，它們想向你展示它們的狩獵技能。）可知，講的是關(guān)于捕獵方面的話題，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)“貓是食肉動(dòng)物，如果被允許到戶外，它們就會(huì)捕獵?！币彩侵v的關(guān)于捕獵方面的事情，下文是對該空格處內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充解釋，上下文語意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)；5．根據(jù)上文“Catsarewellknownforleavingusgiftsthatwemaynotwant,suchaslizardsormice.”（眾所周知，貓會(huì)給我們留下我們可能不想要的禮物，比如蜥蜴或老鼠。）和“Showingofftheircatchtoyoumeansyouareapartoftheirfamilyandtheywanttoshowyoutheirhuntingskills.”（向你炫耀它們的獵物意味著你是它們家庭的一員，它們想向你展示它們的狩獵技能。）講的是貓給我們帶來不喜歡的東西，但這只是貓想向你展示它們的狩獵技能。以及下文“Besuretoofferyourcatavarietyoftoystohelpthemsatisfythesenaturalhuntinginstincts.”（一定要給你的貓?zhí)峁└鞣N各樣的玩具，幫助它們滿足這些自然的狩獵本能。）講的是盡量滿足貓的狩獵本能，可知貓沒錯(cuò)，故可推斷空格處內(nèi)容為不要對貓表達(dá)出我們的不滿。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)E項(xiàng)“不要表達(dá)憤怒，因?yàn)樗鼈儾粫?huì)理解?！狈洗送茢啵舷挛恼Z意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)。BFriendshipisaverybeautifulbondinwhichnooneisbigorsmall,nooneisrichorpoor,andnooneisuglyorbeautiful.6Infriendship,therearenotermsandconditions.Thereisnoagefactorinfriendship.Eachpersonhashisorherownmind,ownviews.andownperspectiveonlife.Youcanlearnalotfromeveryoneofyourfriends.7Itisbesttohaveonegoodfriendwhoacceptsyouasyouare,whobridgesgapsandneverletsyoufall.AstheancientGreekpoetEuripidesputit,“Friendsshowtheirloveintimesoftrouble,notinhappiness.”Behappyandcheerfulaboutyourfriends’success.Alwaysstandbyyourfriends.8Givewhateveryouwantfromyourfriends,likehonesty,love,supportandunderstanding,andneverboasttoyourfriendswhenyouaremoresuccessful.9,youwillbefriendless.Everybodyhaslaws.Andforagoodfindship,weneedpatience,becausepatienceisthekeytoeverything.Abeautifulfriendshipislikeachildhoodfriendship,freeofjealousyandfulloflove.Childrenareunawareofbadfeelings,whereangercansuddenlyarise.Thisisthequalitythatmakeschildrenpureandspecial.10Thatiswhytheyarelovedbyeveryone.【選項(xiàng)】A．WhenyoumeetanoldfriendinapartyB．IfyouarelookingforafriendwhoisfaultlessC．Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.D．Friendshipmeansunderstanding,bondingandhelpfulness.E．Onegoodfriendisbetterthanthousandsofordinaryfriends.F．Neverbeselfish,andalwaystrytogivemoreandexpectless.G．Foragoodfriendship,oneneedstruelove,andchildrenarefulloflove.【答案】6．D

7．E

8．F

9．B

10．G【詳解】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是作者對友誼的見解和看法；6．根據(jù)上文“Friendshipisaverybeautifulbondinwhichnooneisbigorsmall,nooneisrichorpoor,andnooneisuglyorbeautiful.(友誼是一種非常美麗的紐帶，其中沒有人是大是小，沒有人是富人或貧窮，沒有人是丑陋或美麗的)”可知，友誼沒有大小，貧賤，丑美之分；下文中的“Infriendship,therearenotermsandconditions.(在友誼中。沒有條款和條件)”可知，友誼沒有條款和條件，所以該空應(yīng)該為承上啟下，D選項(xiàng)“Friendshipmeansunderstanding,bondingandhelpfulness.(友誼意味著理解、聯(lián)系和樂于助人)”切合題意。故選D項(xiàng)；7．下文“Itisbesttohaveonegoodfriendwhoacceptsyouasyouare,whobridgesgapsandneverletsyoufall.(最好有一個(gè)好朋友，他接受你的本來面目，彌合差距，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)讓你跌倒)”中的onegoodfriend與E選項(xiàng)“Onegoodfriendisbetterthanthousandsofordinaryfriends.(一個(gè)好朋友勝過萬千個(gè)普通朋友)”中的onegoodfriend所指內(nèi)容相同。故選E項(xiàng)；8．根據(jù)上文“Behappyandcheerfulaboutyourfriends’success.Alwaysstandbyyourfriends.(為朋友的成功感到高興和快樂。永遠(yuǎn)支持你的朋友)”可知，此處講述的是要始終站在朋友這邊支持自己的朋友，下文“Givewhateveryouwantfromyourfriends,likehonesty,love,supportandunderstanding,andneverboasttoyourfriendswhenyouaremoresuccessful.(從朋友那里得到你想要的任何東西，比如誠實(shí)、愛、支持和理解，當(dāng)你更成功時(shí)，永遠(yuǎn)不要向你的朋友吹噓)”講述的是要給予朋友誠實(shí)，愛，支持和理解，所以該處選擇的內(nèi)容是對待朋友的態(tài)度，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Neverbeselfish,andalwaystrytogivemoreandexpectless.(永遠(yuǎn)不要自私，總是努力付出更多，期望更少)”切合題意。故選F項(xiàng)；9．分析該空的特點(diǎn)，空后為逗號(hào)，且空后為句子，所以根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空應(yīng)該為帶有連詞的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，或者是非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，B選項(xiàng)“Ifyouarelookingforafriendwhoisfaultless(如果你正在尋找一個(gè)完美無缺的朋友)”與A選項(xiàng)“Whenyoumeetanoldfriendinaparty(當(dāng)你在聚會(huì)上遇到老朋友時(shí))”符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)條件，結(jié)合下文“youwillbefriendless.(你會(huì)沒有朋友)”可知，B選項(xiàng)銜接上下文。故選B項(xiàng)；10．根據(jù)上文“Thisisthequalitythatmakeschildrenpureandspecial.(正是這種品質(zhì)讓孩子變得純潔而特別)”與下文“Thatiswhytheyarelovedbyeveryone.(這就是為什么他們受到所有人的喜愛)”可知，代詞they指代的是children，且講述的是友誼與兒童一樣，都需要愛，G選項(xiàng)“Foragoodfriendship,oneneedstruelove,andchildrenarefulloflove.(為了一段美好的友誼，一個(gè)人需要真愛，而孩子充滿了愛)”將上下文銜接，符合上下文內(nèi)容。故選G項(xiàng)。CAreyoufrequentlydepressedbythefeelingthatlifeisleavingyoubehindparticularlywhenyoulookoversocialmediasitesandarefacedwithalltheexcitingthingsyourfriendsareupto?11FOMO,orFearofMissingOutreferstotheperceptionthatotherpeople’slivesaresuperiortoourown.Itappearsasadeepsenseofenvy,andconstantexposuretoitcanhaveaweakeningeffectonourself-esteem(自尊).Whilefeelingsofenvyandlackofconfidenceseemtobehumannature,socialmediaseemstohaveaddedfueltothefire.12Socialmedia,withitsbuilt-inappeal,allowsustoshareonlythebestpresentationsofourlife,whileleavingoutthemoreboringaspects.Althoughthiscouldbecharacterizedasdishonest,itistheatmospheresocialmediaseemstodemand.Sohowdoweavoidbeingtrappedintoourowninsecuritiesbysocialmedia?Consideryourownsocialmediaposts.13Well,sohaveothers.Andwhatthey’velefthiddenisthefactthatboredom,lonelinessandunpleasantchoresareanunavoidablepartofeveryone’slife,andyou’renottheonlyonefeelingleftout.14Youmaynotbearegularatfancypartiesoraclimberofdizzyingpeaks,butyouhaveyourhealth,aplacetoliveandrealfriendswhoappreciateyourpresenceintheirlives.Leantoshakeitoff.Weareallfloodeddailywithphotosofotherpeople’sperfections,butreally,whatdoesitmatter?15Andevenifyouaremoreeasilyaffectedthanothersbysocialmediaenvy,allyouneedtodoistolookaroundyouandacknowledgethatyouaredoingprettywellafterall.【選項(xiàng)】A．Ifso,youarenotalone.B．Valueyourfriendsinreallife.C．Learntoappreciatethepositives.D．Whydoesithavesuchastimulatingeffect?E．TheyareprobablynomorerealthanthefunniestrealityTVshow.F．Thefeelingthatweareleftouthaslong-termdamagingpsychologicalconsequences.G．Haveyoueverchosenphotosthatleadotherstotherosiestconclusionsaboutyourlife?【答案】11．A

12．D

13．G

14．C

15．E【詳解】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何避免社交媒體中的嫉妒感；11．根據(jù)前句“Areyoufrequentlydepressedbythefeelingthatlifeisleavingyoubehindparticularlywhenyoulookoversocialmediasitesandarefacedwithalltheexcitingthingsyourfriendsareupto?(你是否經(jīng)常感到生活離你而去，尤其是當(dāng)你瀏覽社交媒體網(wǎng)站時(shí)，面對著朋友們正在做的所有令人興奮的事情?)”及下一段“FOMO,orFearofMissingOutreferstotheperceptionthatotherpeople’slivesaresuperiortoourown.Itappearsasadeepsenseofenvy,andconstantexposuretoitcanhaveaweakeningeffectonourself-esteem(自尊).(FOMO指的是別人的生活比我們自己的生活更優(yōu)越的看法。它表現(xiàn)為一種強(qiáng)烈的嫉妒感，持續(xù)暴露在這種情緒下會(huì)削弱我們的自尊。)”可知，空處為承上啟下句，即強(qiáng)烈的嫉妒感是很多人都有的感覺，引出下文對FOMO的介紹。所以選擇項(xiàng)A“Ifso,youarenotalone.(如果是這樣，你并不孤單。)”符合上下文語境。故選A；12．根據(jù)前句“Whilefeelingsofenvyandlackofconfidenceseemtobehumannature,socialmediaseemstohaveaddedfueltothefire.(嫉妒和缺乏自信似乎是人類的天性，而社交媒體似乎在火上澆油。)”和后文“Socialmedia,withitsbuilt-inappeal,allowsustoshareonlythebestpresentationsofourlife,whileleavingoutthemoreboringaspects.Althoughthiscouldbecharacterizedasdishonest,itistheatmospheresocialmediaseemstodemand.(社交媒體，以其固有的吸引力，讓我們只分享我們生活中最好的一面，而忽略了更無聊的方面。雖然這可以被定性為不誠實(shí)，但這似乎是社交媒體所需要的氛圍。)”可知，空處提問社交媒體為什么會(huì)有火上澆油的刺激作用，以引出下文對其原因的介紹。所以選擇項(xiàng)D“Whydoesithavesuchastimulatingeffect?(為什么它有這樣的刺激作用？)”符合上下文語境。故選D；13．根據(jù)前句“Consideryourownsocialmediaposts.(考慮一下你自己的社交媒體帖子。)”和后文“Well,sohaveothers.Andwhatthey’velefthiddenisthefactthatboredom,lonelinessandunpleasantchoresareanunavoidablepartofeveryone’slife,andyou’renottheonlyonefeelingleftout.(其他人也是如此。而他們所隱藏的事實(shí)是，無聊、孤獨(dú)和不愉快的家務(wù)是每個(gè)人生活中不可避免的一部分，你不是唯一一個(gè)被忽略的人。)”可知，呈現(xiàn)在社交媒體上一般都是經(jīng)過選擇過的，代表生活美好方面的。所以選擇項(xiàng)G“Haveyoueverchosenphotosthatleadotherstotherosiestconclusionsaboutyourlife?(你有沒有選擇過一些照片，讓別人對你的生活得出最美好的結(jié)論？)”符合上下文語境。故選G；14．空處為本段主題句，根據(jù)后文“Youmaynotbearegularatfancypartiesoraclimberofdizzyingpeaks,butyouhaveyourhealth,aplacetoliveandrealfriendswhoappreciateyourpresenceintheirlives.(你可能不是高檔派對的常客，也不是攀登令人眼花繚亂的高峰的人，但你有健康的身體，有居住的地方，有真正的朋友，他們會(huì)欣賞你在他們生活中的存在。)”可知，本段主要介紹要學(xué)會(huì)欣賞積極的事物。所以選擇項(xiàng)C“Learntoappreciatethepositives.(學(xué)會(huì)欣賞積極的事物。)”符合上下文語境。故選C；15．根據(jù)前句“Weareallfloodeddailywithphotosofotherpeople’sperfections,butreally,whatdoesitmatter?(我們每天都被別人完美的照片淹沒，但說真的，這有什么關(guān)系呢?)”可知，我們不能社交媒體上的完美照片的影響，因?yàn)樗鼈儾灰欢ㄊ钦鎸?shí)的。所以選擇項(xiàng)E“TheyareprobablynomorerealthanthefunniestrealityTVshow.(它們可能并不比最有趣的電視真人秀更真實(shí)。)”符合上下文語境。故選E。DInlife,therearelotsofskillsweneedtolearntonavigatetheworld.Wegotoschooltolearnhowtoread,write,anddomath,etc.Buttherearesomeskillsyoudon’tgettaughtinschoolthatcanhelpyougrowandenduppayingoffnotjustintheshortterm,butthroughoutyourwholelife.16.WorkingOutConsistentlyThehardestpartaboutworkingoutisn’tliftingweightsorrunninglongdistances.17.Learninghowtomaketimeinyourlife,atallstagesofyourlife,togotothegym,hitthepavement,orrolloutyouryogamatisoneofthegreatestbattlesyoumayfacewithinyourself.Ifyoucanmasterexercisingconsistently,thepayoffwillbehuge.Meditation(冥想)18.Manypeoplepracticemeditationduringtheirentirelivestoimprovetheirmeditationskills.Butscienceshowsthatevenmeditatingforjustafewminutesadaycanhavevastimprovementsonyourlifeandbrain.Meditationcanhelpyoufocusonthepresentmoment,buildstress-managementskills,increasecreativityandpatience,andreducenegativeemotions.Meditationalsohassomemajorlong-termbenefits.19Thewayyoucommunicatewiththeworlddetermineshowtheworldinteractswithyou.Ifyoucanorallycommunicateyourneeds,thoughts,andgoalswithothersinaneffectiveway,youhaveasuperpowerthatwillhelpyougetveryfarinbusiness,relationships,andlife.Beingabletocommunicatewiththewrittenwordsalsogoesalongway—frombeingabletocraftanemailaskingyourbossforaraise,towritingoutabusinessproposal.Beingabletocommunicatethroughwritinghasenormousbenefitsforyourlifeinthelongterm.WakingUpEarly20.Forothers,ittakessomegettingusedto.However,wakingupearlyisoneofthoseskillsthatcanhelpyoumakegooduseofyourday,getmorehours,andworkonthethingsthatmattermosttoyou.Manyhigh-earningCEOshaveearlymorningroutinessuchasJeffBezos,ElonMusk,andsoon.Themostimportantaspectofwakingupearlyisthatitforcesyoutoplanyourdayconsciously,insteadofjustlettingotherpeopletellyouwhenyouwakeup.Whenyoutakecontrolofyourschedule,youcanmakeroomforthethingsthatreallymatterandimproveyourlife.【選項(xiàng)】A．MeditationMattersALotB．Verbal&WrittenCommunicationSkillsC．ThehardestpartisactuallymakingitaroutineD．Forsome,wakingupearlyisasnaturalasbreathingE．SittinginsilenceforanyamountoftimecanbedifficultF．SomesuccessfulpeopleattachgreatimportancetogettingupearlyG．Herearesomedifficultskillsthat,oncelearned,willpayoffforever【答案】16．G

17．C

18．E

19．B

20．D【詳解】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何提高你的技能；16．根據(jù)前文“Inlife,therearelotsofskillsweneedtolearntonavigatetheworld.Wegotoschooltolearnhowtoread,write,anddomath,etc.Buttherearesomeskillsyoudon’tgettaughtinschoolthatcanhelpyougrowandenduppayingoffnotjustintheshortterm,butthroughoutyourwholelife.(在生活中，我們需要學(xué)習(xí)很多技能來駕馭這個(gè)世界。我們?nèi)W(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)如何讀、寫和做數(shù)學(xué)等等。但是，有些技能是你在學(xué)校里沒有學(xué)到的，它們可以幫助你成長，最終不僅在短期內(nèi)，而且在你的一生中都能得到回報(bào))”可知，此處是承上啟下句，既總結(jié)這一段的內(nèi)容，又引出下文所講的幾項(xiàng)技能。所以選擇項(xiàng)G“Herearesomedifficultskillsthat,oncelearned,willpayoffforever(這里有一些困難的技能，一旦學(xué)會(huì)，就會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)受益)”符合上下文語境。故選G；17．根據(jù)前句“Thehardestpartaboutworkingoutisn’tliftingweightsorrunninglongdistances.(健身最難的部分不是舉重或長跑)”可知，鍛煉最難的部分不是舉重或跑很遠(yuǎn)的路程，而是將之形成日常習(xí)慣。所以選擇項(xiàng)C“Thehardestpartisactuallymakingitaroutine(最難的部分是把它變成例行公事)”符合上下文語境。故選C；18．根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Meditation(冥想)”可知，此段講冥想。根據(jù)空后一句“Manypeoplepracticemeditationduringtheirentirelivestoimprovetheirmeditationskills.(許多人一生都在練習(xí)冥想，以提高他們的冥想技能)”可知，冥想并不容易。所以選擇項(xiàng)E“Sittinginsilenceforanyamountoftimecanbedifficult(安靜地坐上一段時(shí)間都是很困難的)”符合上下文語境。故選E；19．這里為本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本段中的“Ifyoucanorallycommunicateyourneeds,thoughts,andgoalswithothersinaneffectiveway,youhaveasuperpowerthatwillhelpyougetveryfarinbusiness,relationships,andlife.Beingabletocommunicatewiththewrittenwordsalsogoesalongway—frombeingabletocraftanemailaskingyourbossforaraise,towritingoutabusinessproposal.(如果你能用口頭有效地與他人交流你的需求、想法和目標(biāo)，你就擁有了一種超能力，這將幫助你在商業(yè)、人際關(guān)系和生活中走得更遠(yuǎn)。能夠用書面文字進(jìn)行交流也有很長的路要走——從能夠起草一封向老板要求加薪的電子郵件，到寫出一份商業(yè)計(jì)劃書)”可知，本段主要介紹提高自己的口頭和書面溝通能力。所以選擇項(xiàng)B“Verbal&WrittenCommunicationSkills(口頭和書面溝通能力)”符合上下文語境。故選B；20．根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“WakingUpEarly(早起)”和后句“Forothers,ittakessomegettingusedto.(對其他人來說，這需要一些時(shí)間來適應(yīng))”可知，早起習(xí)慣對各人不一樣。所以選擇項(xiàng)D“Forsome,wakingupearlyisasnaturalasbreathing(對一些人來說，早起就像呼吸一樣自然)”符合上下文語境。選擇項(xiàng)中Forothers與D項(xiàng)中的Forsome構(gòu)成呼應(yīng)。故選D。ENetworkingisaboutbeinggenerouswithourprofessionalknowledgeandhelpingeachothersucceedinourcareersandwelcomepeopleintoyourspace.21?First,findwaystogivebackandsupportthoseinyournetwork.Thatincludessharingyourexperiencewithyournewcolleaguesorvolunteeringyourtimetoacolleague’sdifficultproject.Ifyouareseenasagiver,thenothersmightbemorelikelytoturntoyouforopportunitiesorintroduceyoutoothersintheirnetwork.22.Ifyou’rejuststartingout,forexample,youmightshareagreatappwithyourteamoroffertotakemeetingnotes.23.Ifyounoticesomeonehasthesamehouseplantasyoudo,ormentionsamovieyoulove,goaheadandpointitout.That’saformofnetworking,too.Commoninterestscanofferanopeningforastrongerbondwithyourcolleagues.Thinkaboutyourgoalsandcreateaplanofactionbeforeanetworkingevent.Yougotoconferencesandjobfairsinthehopesthatyou’llcomeawaywithrealandmeaningfulconnections.However,networkingisn’tabouttalkingtothemostpeopleorcollectingthemostbusinesscards.24.Forexample,areyoulookingforinspiration?Thenreachouttopeopleyouadmireinyourfieldandbrainstormnewideaswiththem.Rememberthatnetworkingcanhappenanywhere.25.Ifyoualwayskeepyourdoorsopen,you’llbesurprisedhowoftenluckandopportunityfindyou.【選項(xiàng)】A．ShareyourhobbieswithyourcolleaguesB．Meetingonetimeisn’tgoingtoleadtoanythingC．It’saboutfocusingyourenergyontherightpeopleD．SowhatcanyoudotobuildandstrengthenyournetworkingE．ThisstrategyappliesnomatterwhatstageyouareinyourcareerF．ThenhowtorecognizeopportunitieswhentheyarerightinfrontofyouG．Trytolookoutsideyourregularprofessionalcirclesforlike-mindedpeople【答案】21．D

22．E

23．A

24．C

25．G【詳解】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)建立、強(qiáng)化及擴(kuò)大職業(yè)關(guān)系網(wǎng)的方法；21．根據(jù)前文“Networkingisaboutbeinggenerouswithourprofessionalknowledgeandhelpingeachothersucceedinourcareersandwelcomepeopleintoyourspace.(人際交往就是慷慨地傳授我們的專業(yè)知識(shí)，幫助彼此在事業(yè)上取得成功，歡迎他人進(jìn)入你的空間)”可知，本文主要講述人際交往有關(guān)的話題，空處位于首段段尾，需起到引起下文的作用，所以D項(xiàng)“Sowhatcanyoudotobuildandstrengthenyournetworking(那么，你能做些什么來建立和加強(qiáng)你的人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)呢)”符合文意，能引出下文，開始講述如何建立和加強(qiáng)你的人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)。故選D項(xiàng)；22．根據(jù)前文“First,findwaystogivebackandsupportthoseinyournetwork.

Thatincludessharingyourexperiencewithyournewcolleaguesorvolunteeringyourtimetoacolleague’sdifficultproject.(首先，想辦法回饋和支持你社交圈里的人。這包括與新同事分享你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或者自愿為同事的困難項(xiàng)目貢獻(xiàn)你的時(shí)間)”可知，本段是在講述在工作中如何建立和加強(qiáng)人際關(guān)系，在根據(jù)后文的例子“Ifyou’rejuststartingout,forexample,youmightshareagreatappwithyourteamoroffertotakemeetingnotes.(例如，如果你剛剛起步，你可以和你的團(tuán)隊(duì)分享一個(gè)很棒的應(yīng)用程序，或者主動(dòng)做會(huì)議筆記)”可知，E項(xiàng)“Thisstrategyappliesnomatterwhatstageyouareinyourcareer(無論你處于職業(yè)生涯的哪個(gè)階段，這個(gè)策略都適用)”起到承上啟下的作用。故選E項(xiàng)；23．分析設(shè)空可知，空處位于本段段首，應(yīng)該點(diǎn)明本段主題，根據(jù)后文“Ifyounoticesomeonehasthesamehouseplantasyoudo,ormentionsamovieyoulove,goaheadandpointitout.

That’saformofnetworking,too.

Commoninterestscanofferanopeningforastrongerbondwithyourcolleagues.(如果你注意到有人和你有一樣的室內(nèi)植物，或者提到了一部你喜歡的電影，大膽地指出來。這也是一種社交方式。共同的興趣可以為你和同事建立更緊密的關(guān)系提供一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì))”可知，本段主要講述了和同事分享共同的愛好，所以A項(xiàng)“Shareyourhobbieswithyourcolleagues(和你的同事分享你的愛好)”符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)；24．根據(jù)前句的例子“However,networkingisn’tabouttalkingtothemostpeopleorcollectingthemostbusinesscards.(然而，建立人脈并不僅僅是和最多的人交談或收集最多的名片)”可知，空處承接上文說明建立人脈的重點(diǎn)是什么。空處應(yīng)是C項(xiàng)“It’saboutfocusingyourenergyontherightpeople(而是把你的精力集中在對的人身上)”符合文意且和上句構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)；25．分析設(shè)空，謂語首句之后，應(yīng)該是對首句的進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明，根據(jù)首句“Rememberthatnetworkingcanhappenanywhere.(記住，社交可以發(fā)生在任何地方)”可知，G項(xiàng)“Trytolookoutsideyourregularprofessionalcirclesforlike-mindedpeople(試著在你的正常工作圈子之外尋找志同道合的人)”是對前句的進(jìn)一步說明，故選G項(xiàng)?！靖呖颊骖}】A[全國甲2022]ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(禮節(jié))mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.1.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.2．HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it'sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.3，insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile,youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.PeopleinThailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.MakingRequests4.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.5，themorecomfortableyou'llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A．ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB．ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC．MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD．Don'tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE．It'sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF．NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG．Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【答案】1．D；2．F；3．C；4．G；5．B【詳解】本文主要介紹了在不同文化背景下，外出就餐的禮儀和需要注意的細(xì)節(jié)。1．根據(jù)設(shè)空處前一句可知，與文化有關(guān)的就餐禮儀中有一些重要的規(guī)矩可能會(huì)讓你吃驚；再根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily可知，了解一些技巧將幫助你與朋友或家人愉快地吃飯。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“不要被人發(fā)現(xiàn)你在餐廳(就餐時(shí))犯了令人尷尬的錯(cuò)誤”承上啟下，符合語境。2．根據(jù)設(shè)空處所在段落的小標(biāo)題ChopstickRules可知，本段主要介紹筷子的使用規(guī)則。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)介紹如何擺放筷子。故F項(xiàng)“永遠(yuǎn)不要把它們(筷子)豎直地插在你的食物上，也不要在使用筷子時(shí)將它們交叉”承接上文內(nèi)容，符合語境。3．根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的insteadpreferringtousetheirhands并結(jié)合本段的小標(biāo)題HandsorUtensils可知，此處表示在某些文化中，人們更喜歡用手而不是用餐具。故C項(xiàng)“墨西哥人認(rèn)為用餐具吃飯是不得體的”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。4．根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題可知，本段談?wù)摼筒蜁r(shí)提出請求的相關(guān)內(nèi)容；再根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills可知，此處表示空處提到的這種錯(cuò)誤的行為會(huì)讓廚師覺得你在質(zhì)疑他的調(diào)味技巧。G項(xiàng)“吃飯時(shí)要鹽和胡椒粉似乎是一個(gè)簡單的請求”中的asimplerequest呼應(yīng)本段小標(biāo)題，askforsaltandpepper也與后文中的askforextracheese相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。5．根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的逗號(hào)，以及設(shè)空處后一句中的themore可以將答案鎖定在A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)之中。再根據(jù)本文的主要內(nèi)容與文化相關(guān)可以推斷出，此處應(yīng)表示“你在任何一個(gè)國家待的時(shí)間越長，你就會(huì)對這個(gè)國家的異域文化習(xí)俗感到越舒服”。故選B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“你在生活中交的朋友越多”與本文的話題不相符。B[全國乙2022]Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯(lián)系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.1．·Moreisn'talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.2．Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)3．Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·4Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don'trelyontechnologyalone5，butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A．RememberimportantdatesB．CompensatebywritinglettersC．ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD．TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE．FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF．ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG．Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【答案】1．D；2．E；3．G；4．A；5．F【詳解】本文主要介紹了維持遠(yuǎn)距離友誼的五種方法：設(shè)定一個(gè)固定日期；選擇合適的交流方式；練習(xí)共情；記住朋友之間的重要日子；不要只依賴技術(shù)。1．設(shè)空前講在繁忙的日程中擠時(shí)間打電話是一種挑戰(zhàn)，再結(jié)合段落標(biāo)題“設(shè)定固定日期”可知，D項(xiàng)(盡力找到一個(gè)適合雙方的時(shí)間并堅(jiān)持)承接上文，且其中的findatime和sticktoit與段落小標(biāo)題相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。2．設(shè)空前講你要和朋友溝通好交流的頻率和方法，設(shè)空處下文列舉了具體的交流方式。E項(xiàng)(朋友需要溝通更喜歡的交流方式)承上啟下，其中的methodsofcommunication與上文相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。3．根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“練習(xí)共情”和空后內(nèi)容可推知，本段主要講留下來的朋友和去了新環(huán)境的朋友分別后如何共情。G項(xiàng)(你可能是那個(gè)離開的朋友或者是留下來的朋友)分別對應(yīng)下文中的兩類人，引出下文，符合語境。4．根據(jù)語境可知，本段主要講