河南省許昌市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題【含答案】

第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber頁(yè)，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages頁(yè)第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber頁(yè)，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages頁(yè)河南省許昌市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題一、閱讀理解（本大題共5小題）Herearefourstudentpodcasts(播客)thatofferaglimpseintothemindsofstudentsandwhattheysayaboutnewsconcerningclimateintheircommunities—andwhattheyhopetodoaboutit.BehindtheScenesoftheMosquitoFireIna10-episodeseries,asixth-gradeclassattheGeorgetownSchoolofInnovationinGeorgetown,Calif.,sharesstoriesfromthedamagingMosquitoFirein2022.ThisgroupofeightstudentsaskstwofirefightersfromtheGeorgetownFireDepartmentwhatit’sliketofightfiresandprotectlovedonesintheirhometown.Fires:SetAblazeAtChautauquaElementary,theVashonfifth-graderstalkaboutthefar-reachingandlastingimpactofwildfiresandwildfiresmoke—andthedirecteffectsontheirlives,likewaitingfortheschoolbusonasmokyday.Thestudentsalsointerviewexpertsandsharetheirresearchonwildfireprecautions(預(yù)防措施).FlowingThroughTimeInthispodcastfromPeakAcademy,agroupofeightmiddleschoolersreportsondealingwithwatershortagesinBozeman,Montana.Theytracethehistoryoftheirgrowinghometown’swatersupply,whichhasbeendependentonmountainsnowmelt.Asthatsourcebecomeslessreliableinawarmingworld,thestudentsturntothegrown-upstoaskwhattheycandotoconservewater.WashedAwayThedeadlyfloodingineasternKentuckylastyearforeverchangedthelivesofhighschoolersRyleyBowman,CarolinaJohnsonandHunterNoble.ThethreeclassmatesatMorganCountyHighSchoolinWestLiberty,Ky.,sharefirsthandaccountsoftheirownandtheirfamily’sexperiencesduringthefloods.1．Whoshowsinterestinfirefighters’stories?A．PeakAcademystudents. B．ChautauquaElementarystudents.C．MorganCountyHighSchoolstudents. D．GeorgetownSchoolofInnovationstudents.2．Whichpodcastshowsconcernforwaterconservation?A．WashedAway. B．Fires:SetAblaze.C．FlowingThroughTime. D．BehindtheScenesoftheMosquitoFire.3．WhatdoFires:SetAblazeandWashedAwayhaveincommon?A．Theyconsultexperts’researchresults.B．Theyexplorethecausesofclimatechange.C．Theysharestudents’personalexperiences.D．Theydiscussprecautionsfornaturaldisasters.“I’veneverpickedthejobsI’vedoneinmylife,”saysMarkSadler,whospent20yearsworkingattheLondonunderground.Butwhenheretired,hebecamealifeguard.Threeyearsago,Sadlerwasgivingbloodwhenhefeltchestpain.Hesays,“Thedoctorasked:‘Doyoudrink?’Yeah,probablytoomuch.‘Doyousmoke?’Yes.TheycouldseebymysizethatIatetoomuch.”ThenSadlerstoppedsmokinganddrinking.“I’vealwayshadtoearnasmuchasIcantoprovideformyfamily,”Sadlersays.Attheunderground,helookedaftertheengineeringfleet(工程車隊(duì)).Heworked10-to12-hourdays,andoftenreturnedtovisitthetunnelsatnight.“IfIgotthecallat1,I’dbeonthegoat1:15.”Heregardshiswifeandtwodaughtersas“alwaysthemostimportantthinginmylife”,butwhileheworked,“theywerewrappedinclingfilm(保鮮膜)”.Hemeanshecouldseethem,buttheywereinaseparateworld.That’swhySadlermadehisdaughters,bythenadults,anoffer.“Itoldthem:‘Ifyouhaveachild,Iwillbecomeafull-timegrandparent.’”Forthepastcoupleofyears,hehascombinedcaringforhisgranddaughterwithlifeguardingverywell.Beingagrandparent,hesays,hasshown“howmuchImissed”asafather.Nowheispartofacommunity.“Inmyoldjob,Iusedtosaytoeveryone:‘Everydayyou’relearning.’IfeelthatevenmorenowthatI’vegotto60.I’mdoingsomethingthatIchose.Icanbalancemyjobwithmywifeandfamily.ItiseverythingIwant.”4．WhatmadeSadlerchangehislifestyle?A．Ahealthproblem. B．Pursuitofanidealjob.C．Anaccidentattheunderground. D．Financialpressuresfromhisfamily.5．WhatwasSadler’sexperiencelikewhileworkingattheunderground?A．Itofferedhimflexibility. B．Itwasphysicallydangerous.C．Itwasassociatedwithstress. D．Itallowedhimtotraveltheworld.6．WhydidSadlerdecidetobecomeafull-timegrandparent?A．Toescapejob-relatedburnout. B．Toenjoyhisretirement.C．Tochallengehimself. D．Tofocusonfamily.7．HowdoesSadlerfeelabouthiscareershift?A．Regretful. B．Nervous. C．Relieved. D．Satisfied.Humansareconstantlylookingforbettersolutionstotheproblemswefaceinourdailylives.Onenewschoolofthoughtsuggeststhatanswerscanbefoundinnature.Thisideaiscalled“biomimicry.”Biomimicryproposesthatifotherorganismshavealreadyfoundasolutiontoaproblem,wecancopythatsolutioninsteadofstartingfromthebeginning.Biomimicryusesthevastdevelopmentwe’vemadeinscienceandtechnology.Take,forinstance,thechallengeofkeepingabuildingcleanwithoutusingtoxic(有毒的)chemicals.AteamofGermanscientistslookedatalotus(蓮花)leafunderamicroscope,andtheydiscoveredthesurfaceoftheleafwascoveredwithmountains.Thetinypeaksstoppeddirtparticles(微粒)fromstickingtotheleaves’surface.Theyalsomaderaindropsformintoballs.Asthedropsrolledofftheleaf,theyliftedthedirtandcarrieditaway.Theyscientistsdevelopedatypeofpaintbasedonthestructureofthelotusleaf,whichhasasimilar“mountainous”surfacewhenitdries.Whenthepaintisusedontheoutsideofbuildings,rainwaterwashesthedirtaway.Anotherimportantideainbiomimicryisthathumansshouldtrytocopythewaythatnaturalsystemswork.Mostmodernkitchencabinetsaremadewithgluethatcontainsatoxicchemical.AscientistnamedDr.KaichangLiwantedtofindareplacementgluethatwouldworkjustaswellwithoutthatchemical.Walkingonthebeachoneday,henoticedtheanswerwasrightinfrontofhim.Mussels(貽貝)wereeverywhere,clingingtotherocksinthewater.Afterstudyinghowthemusselsmadetheirstickythreads,hecreatedanontoxicglue.8．Whatisthemaincharacteristicof“biomimicry”?A．Itreliesonreinventingsolutions.B．Itprioritizescopyingoverinnovation.C．Itemphasizestheapplicationofadvancedtechnology.D．Itencouragestheuseoftraditionalmethodsinproblem-solving.9．Whatisthesimilaritybetweenthedriedpaintandlotusleavesaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Theycollectwater. B．Theyhavearoughsurface.C．Theyresistdirtyraindrops. D．Theycontainthesamesubstance.10．Whatmighttheauthorconveythroughthecaseofmakinganontoxicglue?A．Productsshouldberecycledandreused.B．Wasteproductsareaconcerninbiomimicry.C．Glueproductionisasignificantenvironmentalissue.D．Studyingthewaynaturalsystemsworkcanhelpreducepollution.11．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Naturedoesitbetter B．LearningfromnatureC．Shouldweputtechnologybackintonature? D．Howcanbiomimicryhelpredesigncivilization?Picturethis:You’rehomealone,andit’snearingdinnertime.Yougrababoxofcookiesfromthecupboard,someolivesandbabycarrotsfromthefridge.Thenyoueatrightoffthekitchencounterwithyourfingers.Alltold,themealtakesfiveminutes,oneplate,andnoutensils(餐具).You,myfriend,havejustmadeyourselfa“girldinner.”WhatoncemayhavebeenasheepishtraditionhasrecentlyachievedviralfameontheinternetthankstoOliviaMaher,whofirstcoinedthephenomenoninaTikTok.Thetrendhassinceamassednearlyonebillionviews.Whereusershavestartedsharingtheirowncreations.Therearesomepotentialbenefitsofthiskindofmeal.Forone,slightlysmallerportions(份額)beforebedtimecouldbeagoodthing.“It’sreallynutritionallybettertoeatalargermealinthemiddleofthedayandalightermealatnight,”

saysKimaCargill,apsychologyprofessor.“Alotofcultureswilljusteat,likeleftovers,orsoupandbreadorsomethingfordinner,”shesays,“whichfromadigestionviewpoint,isabetter.”Womenoftenassumecaretakingrolesinahousehold,ontopofalltheirotherdailyliferesponsibilities.“Girldinnerencouragespeopletolistentoandfollowtheirheart.Itcanbeacelebrationoffreedom,ifonlyforonemeal,fromthatdomesticlabor,”nutritionistAlissaRumseysays.Thetrendhasalsoraisedeyebrowsforwhatsomeargueisasupportforlow-caloriesnacksinsmall,sometimesinsubstantialportions.“Mybiggestconcernwiththisisthatmanyofthese‘girldinners’thatweseeonsocialmediaarenotenough,whichcanbothpromoteandnormalizedisorderedeatingandunder-eating,”Rumseysays.Heradvice:avoidandunfollowanycontentcreatorsthatmakeyoufeelshame.Evenifavideoisn’tdirectlyaboutweightloss,it’shardnottoseeaperson’sdailyfoodintakeasguidelinesonhowtolooklikethem.Butwhatworksforthemmaynotworkforyou.12．Whatdoestheterm“girldinner”referto?A．Alow-effortmeal. B．Aweight-losingdiet.C．Atime-honoredrecipe. D．Amoney-savingsnack.13．WhataspectofthegirldinnerisappreciatedbyKimaCargill?A．It’srichnutritionally. B．It’softeninsmallportions.C．Itstendencytobeeatenathome. D．Itsexpressionofculturalidentity.14．WhatdoesthegirldinnermeantowomenaccordingtoAlissaRumsey?A．Tiresomehousework. B．Efforttomeetkids’wishes.C．Anopportunityforsocializing. D．Abreakfromdailyresponsibilities.15．WhatdoesAlissaRumseyrecommend?A．Limitingyourtimeonline.B．Avoidingfollowingothers’dietsblindly.C．Takinginlow-caloriesnacksinsmallportions.D．Reducingthefrequencyofeatingthegirldinner.ThepursuitofKnowledge:BenefitsofLifelongLearningLifelongLearninghasbecomeessentialinaworldconstantlychangingduetorapidlyadvancingtechnology,evolvingjobfields,andshiftingculturalnorms.16.Inthiscontext,wewillexplorethereasonsforengaginginlifelonglearning.Itincreasesmotivation.Gainingnewknowledgeanddevelopingskillscanbeafunandrewardingexperienceformanypeople.AccordingtothePewResearchCenter,80%oflifelonglearnerssaidthattheypursuedlearningbecausetheydesiredtoacquireknowledgethatwouldhelpmaketheirmoremotivatingandfulfilled(滿足的).17,asyouwouldoftenfeelasenseofaccomplishmentwhenyoulearnnewthings.18.AccordingtoresearchinthePsychologicalSciencejournal,acquiringnewskillsnotonlydeepsyourbrainactiveandsharpbutalsohelpsimprovecognitive(認(rèn)知的)function,delayingmemoryproblemsasyouage.Additionally,learningnewsubjectsenhancesproblem-solvingskills,asnotedbyDr.BarbaraOakley,anexpertinlearningandengineering.Ithelpsyougrowpersonally.Acquiringnewskillsnotonlyboostsyourconfidencebutalsoempowersyou,exposingyoutoabroaderperspectivebyintroducingdifferentviewsandcultures.19.Itimprovesyourcareer.20,astheyadaptbetteratwork.ALinkedInsurveyalsorevealedthat76%ofprofessionalsbelievelearningnewskillsiscriticaltosuccessintheircareers.A．IthelpsyoustaypositiveB．ItboostsyourbrainpowerC．Itisnolongerjustachoice;itisanecessityD．This,inturn,enhancesyourunderstandingofothersE．39%ofprofessionallearnerssaidtheydesiredtoimprovethemselvestoobtainaraiseF．Continuouslylearningandimprovingyourselfcouldprovideenormousself-satisfactionG．Thereport“TheFutureofJobs”highlightsthatemployersvaluelifelonglearnershighly二、完形填空（本大題共1小題）Attheageof41,Istillstutter(口吃).Iamfinewithitnowbutthatwasn’talwaysthe21.Itwasdifficultforthefirstcoupleofyearsofschool.Infact,Idon’trecallbeing22atall,thoughtherewasagreatdealofcuriosityaboutmy23speech.Afewyearslater,Ibeganto24beingdifferent.IfeltthatIstoodoutforallthewrongreasons.Just25thepainofnotevenbeingabletosayyourownname,Iwouldoftengive26nameswhenmeetingnewpeople,becauseitwaseasier.Itwas27formetobeJasonorMike,ChrisorKevinorjustwhateversoundsIwasconfidentIcouldmakeatthatparticularmoment.Sometimeineighthgrade,my28changed.IturnedwhatI’dalwaysthoughtofasanegativeintoapositive.Ifinally29thatdifferenceandranwithit.30waitinginfearfortheteacherto31myname,IraisedmyhandwhenIknewtheanswertoaquestion.Ialwaysvolunteeredtoreadandevenusedoralpresentationsasanopportunitytoshowmycomedictalents.Iwentfromastutteringkidwhoseldomspokeawordtoastutteringmanwhonowspeaksfora(n)32.Self-acceptancecontinuestobeessentialinthesuccessI’veexperiencedasaspeaker,comedian,writerandsoldier.Myonly33isthatitdidn’thappensooner.It’snevereasytobeakid.It’sespecially34whenyou’redifferent,butitdoesn’thavetobe.Thetimetoacceptyour35isnow.21．A．process B．reason C．case D．target22．A．madeuseof B．stirredup C．takencareof D．madefunof23．A．a(chǎn)bnormal B．long C．informal D．chosen24．A．desire B．promise C．dislike D．suspect25．A．imagine B．a(chǎn)void C．predict D．record26．A．similar B．false C．official D．personal27．A．fatal B．common C．familiar D．strange28．A．duty B．option C．identity D．a(chǎn)ttitude29．A．repeated B．postponed C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．spotted30．A．Insteadof B．Dueto C．Asfor D．Inreturnfor31．A．type B．change C．call D．spell32．A．a(chǎn)ward B．promise C．excuse D．living33．A．request B．regret C．decision D．explanation34．A．natural B．beneficial C．essential D．tough35．A．intelligence B．uniqueness C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．mistake三、語(yǔ)法填空（本大題共1小題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Themamianqunorhorse-facedskirtisaskirtthatfirstoriginatedsomewhereclosetotheSongDynasty.It’snamedthiswaybecauseit36(look)likethemarnianfortress(要塞),whichhasstairsoneithersideandadoorin37frontandback.The‘doors’sidesofthefortress38(know)asthe“horsefaces”ormamianbecausethesewerethefacesofthefortresswherehorseswouldpassthrough.Themamianqungainedgreat39(popular)duringtheMingDynastyandremainedfashionableduringtheQingDynasty.Thesedays,mamianqunhasbeenmodernized40anumberofways.Keeptheshirtsimple,usuallyjustplainwhite,sothatalltheattentioncanbeonthe41(color)skirtanditscomplicateddesigns.42(alternative),ifyoupreferamorefeminine(女性的)feel,youcanchoosemamianquninspiredbytheSongDynasty,43typicallycomesinlightercolorsandfeaturessimplerdesigns,thoughittakeslongertime44(find)them.Someofthefabricsformamianqunareincrediblethesedays,45(involve)imagesofadorablecartoonrabbitsandcatswhilestilllookingveryclassyfromadistance!四、書信寫作（本大題共1小題）46．世界海洋日即將到來(lái)，你校計(jì)劃組織同學(xué)們觀看自然紀(jì)錄片(documentary)《蔚藍(lán)之境》。該片以中國(guó)近海為舞臺(tái)，著眼海洋生態(tài)和資源，呈現(xiàn)一片神秘、壯闊、充滿活力的蔚藍(lán)之境。請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)寫一封信，邀請(qǐng)你的交換生朋友Allen一起觀看。內(nèi)容包括：1.簡(jiǎn)單介紹《蔚藍(lán)之境》(“TheBlueWorld”)；2.觀看時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右。2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡上的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearAllen,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasakid,myparentsbroughtmeafour-month-oldpuppy(小狗).MyfamilynamedthepuppyDusty.AlthoughIwantedtolayonlyclaimtoheraffections,inafamilyofsevenkids,noonelayspermanentclaimtothefamilypet.Dustywasourdog,not“my”dog.Wesoonrealizedthatshehadpatience.MybabysisteroftentransformedDusty’swarmfurintoanaptimepillow—fallingasleeponthecarpet.Likeaprotectivemother,Dustywaited—withoutmoving—untilmysisterwoke.Dustydoubledasaschoolcrossingguard,too.MondaythroughFridayshe’dwalkuskidstwoblockstoSt.Patrick’sParochial,lookingbothwaystocheckforthetrafficbeforeallowingustocrossthestreet.We’dwavegood-byeasweenteredthedoor,knowingDustywouldbewaitingattheschooldoortoclaimusatthecloseoftheschoolday.OfallthecontributionsDustymadetoourfamily,oneincidentstandsoutfaraboveallothers.Lateonenight,Dustyrushedtomyparents’bedroom.Shebarkedandbarked.Whenshegotnoresponse,Dustyracedupstairstomybedroomandmybrothers’bedroomandbarkedagainandagain.Whenshefailedtofullywakeus,sheflewbackdownthestepsandreturnedtomyparents’room.Finally,shegotMom’sattention.“Whatareyoudoing,Dusty?”Momsaid,stillhalfwayindreamland.Dustypersisted(堅(jiān)持).Finallymymothergavein.“Okay,whatisit?”DustyrushedoutofMom'sroom.Thinkingthedogneededtobeletouttorelieveherself,mymotherfollowedDustytothefrontdoor.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡上的相應(yīng)位置作答。WhenMomopenedthedoor,Dustytoreacrossthestreet,notstoppingtodoherbusinessasmymotherhadassumed.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mymothercalledthefiredepartmentimmediately.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案【答案】1．D2．C3．C【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四個(gè)學(xué)生播客，他們關(guān)注自己社區(qū)的氣候新聞，并分享他們的觀點(diǎn)和希望采取的行動(dòng)?！窘馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ina10-episodeseries,asixth-gradeclassattheGeorgetownSchoolofInnovationinGeorgetown,Calif.,sharesstoriesfromthedamagingMosquitoFirein2022.ThisgroupofeightstudentsaskstwofirefightersfromtheGeorgetownFireDepartmentwhatit’sliketofightfiresandprotectlovedonesintheirhometown.”（在一個(gè)10集的系列節(jié)目中，加州喬治城喬治敦創(chuàng)新學(xué)院的一個(gè)六年級(jí)班級(jí)分享了2022年破壞性的蚊子大火的故事。這組8名學(xué)生向來(lái)自喬治城消防局的兩名消防員詢問(wèn)在家鄉(xiāng)救火和保護(hù)親人是什么感覺(jué)）可知，GeorgetownSchoolofInnovation的學(xué)生對(duì)消防員的故事感興趣。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章FlowingThroughTime下“InthispodcastfromPeakAcademy,agroupofeightmiddleschoolersreportsondealingwithwatershortagesinBozeman,Montana.Theytracethehistoryoftheirgrowinghometown’swatersupply,whichhasbeendependentonmountainsnowmelt.Asthatsourcebecomeslessreliableinawarmingworld,thestudentsturntothegrown-upstoaskwhattheycandotoconservewater.”（在這個(gè)來(lái)自PeakAcademy的播客中，八個(gè)中學(xué)生報(bào)道了他們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對(duì)蒙大拿州博茲曼的水資源短缺。他們追溯了他們不斷發(fā)展的家鄉(xiāng)的供水歷史，這個(gè)供水源依賴于山上的雪水融化。隨著這個(gè)水源在全球變暖的世界中變得不可靠，學(xué)生們轉(zhuǎn)向成年人，詢問(wèn)他們可以做些什么來(lái)節(jié)約水資源。）可知，F(xiàn)lowingThroughTime的播客關(guān)注水資源保護(hù)。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AtChautauquaElementary,theVashonfifth-graderstalkaboutthefar-reachingandlastingimpactofwildfiresandwildfiresmoke—andthedirecteffectsontheirlives,likewaitingfortheschoolbusonasmokyday.Thestudentsalsointerviewexpertsandsharetheirresearchonwildfireprecautions(預(yù)防措施).”（在肖托夸小學(xué)，瓦松小學(xué)的五年級(jí)學(xué)生談?wù)撘盎鸷鸵盎馃熿F的深遠(yuǎn)而持久的影響，以及對(duì)他們生活的直接影響，如在煙霧彌漫的日子里等校車。學(xué)生們還采訪了專家，分享了他們對(duì)野火預(yù)防措施的研究）和第五段“ThedeadlyfloodingineasternKentuckylastyearforeverchangedthelivesofhighschoolersRyleyBowman,CarolinaJohnsonandHunterNoble.ThethreeclassmatesatMorganCountyHighSchoolinWestLiberty,Ky.,sharefirsthandaccountsoftheirownandtheirfamily’sexperiencesduringthefloods.”（去年發(fā)生在肯塔基州東部的致命洪水永遠(yuǎn)地改變了高中生賴?yán)U曼、卡羅萊納·約翰遜和亨特·諾布爾的生活?？纤菸髯杂墒心Ωh高中的三名同學(xué)分享了他們自己和家人在洪水中的親身經(jīng)歷）可知，F(xiàn)ires:SetAblaze和WashedAway共同之處是他們分享學(xué)生的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。故選C?！敬鸢浮?．A5．C6．D7．D【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了馬克?薩德勒在倫敦地鐵工作了20年，當(dāng)他退休后，他成為了一名救生員。講述了他的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷?！窘馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Threeyearsago,Sadlerwasgivingbloodwhenhefeltchestpain.Hesays,“Thedoctorasked:‘Doyoudrink?’Yeah,probablytoomuch.‘Doyousmoke?’Yes.TheycouldseebymysizethatIatetoomuch.”ThenSadlerstoppedsmokinganddrinking.(三年前，薩德勒在獻(xiàn)血時(shí)感到胸痛。他說(shuō)：“醫(yī)生問(wèn)我：‘你喝酒嗎？“是的，可能太多了?！愠闊焼幔俊堑摹Ｋ麄兛梢詮奈业纳聿目闯鑫页缘锰嗔?。”后來(lái)，薩德勒停止了吸煙和飲酒)”可知，健康問(wèn)題讓薩德勒改變了他的生活方式。故選A。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Heworked10-to12-hourdays,andoftenreturnedtovisitthetunnelsatnight.“IfIgotthecallat1,I’dbeonthegoat1:15.”(他每天工作10到12個(gè)小時(shí)，并經(jīng)常在晚上回到隧道?！叭绻以?點(diǎn)接到電話，我就會(huì)在1點(diǎn)15分開始工作?！?”可知，薩德勒在地鐵的工作是有壓力的。故選C。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“That’swhySadlermadehisdaughters,bythenadults,anoffer.“Itoldthem:‘Ifyouhaveachild,Iwillbecomeafull-timegrandparent.’”Forthepastcoupleofyears,hehascombinedcaringforhisgranddaughterwithlifeguardingverywell.Beingagrandparent,hesays,hasshown“howmuchImissed”asafather.(這就是為什么薩德勒給當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)成年的女兒們提議?！拔腋嬖V他們：‘如果你們有孩子，我就當(dāng)全職爺爺?！痹谶^(guò)去的幾年里，他把照顧孫女和救生員結(jié)合得很好。他說(shuō)，當(dāng)上了祖父母，讓我看到了自己當(dāng)父親時(shí)“錯(cuò)過(guò)了很多”)”可知，薩德勒決定成為一名全職祖父母是為了關(guān)注家庭。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“IfeelthatevenmorenowthatI’vegotto60.I’mdoingsomethingthatIchose.Icanbalancemyjobwithmywifeandfamily.ItiseverythingIwant.(現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)60歲了，這種感覺(jué)更加強(qiáng)烈。我在做我選擇的事情。我可以平衡我的工作與我的妻子和家庭。這是我想要的一切)”可知，薩德勒對(duì)自己的職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變感到滿意。故選D?！敬鸢浮?．B9．B10．D11．B【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了什么是“仿生學(xué)”以及仿生學(xué)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?！窘馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Biomimicryproposesthatifotherorganismshavealreadyfoundasolutiontoaproblem,wecancopythatsolutioninsteadofstartingfromthebeginning.(仿生學(xué)認(rèn)為，如果其他生物已經(jīng)找到了解決問(wèn)題的方法，我們可以復(fù)制這個(gè)方法，而不是從頭開始)”可知，“仿生學(xué)”的主要特征是優(yōu)先考慮復(fù)制而不是創(chuàng)新。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AteamofGermanscientistslookedatalotus(蓮花)leafunderamicroscope,andtheydiscoveredthesurfaceoftheleafwascoveredwithmountains.Thetinypeaksstoppeddirtparticles(微粒)fromstickingtotheleaves’surface.Theyalsomaderaindropsformintoballs.Asthedropsrolledofftheleaf,theyliftedthedirtandcarrieditaway.Theyscientistsdevelopedatypeofpaintbasedonthestructureofthelotusleaf,whichhasasimilar“mountainous”surfacewhenitdries.Whenthepaintisusedontheoutsideofbuildings,rainwaterwashesthedirtaway.(一組德國(guó)科學(xué)家在顯微鏡下觀察了一片荷葉，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)葉子的表面覆蓋著“山脈”。這些微小的尖峰阻止了污垢顆粒粘在葉子表面。它們還把雨滴做成球。當(dāng)水珠從葉子上滾下來(lái)時(shí)，它們把泥土帶走了?？茖W(xué)家們根據(jù)荷葉的結(jié)構(gòu)開發(fā)了一種涂料，這種涂料在干燥時(shí)具有類似的“山區(qū)”表面。當(dāng)油漆用于建筑物外部時(shí)，雨水會(huì)將污垢沖走)”可知，涂料和荷葉的相似之處是都表面粗糙。故選B。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AscientistnamedDr.KaichangLiwantedtofindareplacementgluethatwouldworkjustaswellwithoutthatchemical.Walkingonthebeachoneday,henoticedtheanswerwasrightinfrontofhim.Mussels(貽貝)wereeverywhere,clingingtotherocksinthewater.Afterstudyinghowthemusselsmadetheirstickythreads,hecreatedanontoxicglue.(一位名叫李開昌博士的科學(xué)家想找到一種替代膠水，它可以在沒(méi)有這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的情況下發(fā)揮同樣的作用。一天，他在海灘上散步，發(fā)現(xiàn)答案就在他面前。貽貝到處都是，粘在水里的巖石上。在研究了貽貝如何制造粘稠的線之后，他發(fā)明了一種無(wú)毒的膠水)”可知，作者想通過(guò)制造無(wú)毒膠水的案例來(lái)表明研究自然系統(tǒng)的工作方式有助于減少污染。故選D。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Humansareconstantlylookingforbettersolutionstotheproblemswefaceinourdailylives.Onenewschoolofthoughtsuggeststhatanswerscanbefoundinnature.Thisideaiscalled“biomimicry.”(人類一直在尋找更好的解決方案來(lái)解決我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪忻媾R的問(wèn)題。一種新的思想流派認(rèn)為答案可以在自然界中找到。這個(gè)想法被稱為“仿生學(xué)”)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了什么是“仿生學(xué)”以及仿生學(xué)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)可知，B選項(xiàng)“向自然學(xué)習(xí)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B?！敬鸢浮?2．A13．B14．D15．B【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了“girldinner”這一現(xiàn)象的起源、特點(diǎn)、利弊等?！窘馕觥?2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thenyoueatrightoffthekitchencounterwithyourfingers.Alltold,themealtakesfiveminutes,oneplate,andnoutensils(餐具).You,myfriend,havejustmadeyourselfa“girldinner.”(然后你可以直接在廚房的柜臺(tái)上用手指吃東西?？偠灾?，這頓飯只花了五分鐘，一個(gè)盤子，沒(méi)有餐具。你，朋友，剛剛為自己做了一頓“girldinner”)”可知，“girldinner”指的是一頓不費(fèi)力的飯。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Therearesomepotentialbenefitsofthiskindofmeal.Forone,slightlysmallerportions(份額)beforebedtimecouldbeagoodthing.“It’sreallynutritionallybettertoeatalargermealinthemiddleofthedayandalightermealatnight,”saysKimaCargill,apsychologyprofessor.(這種飲食有一些潛在的好處。首先，睡前少吃一點(diǎn)可能是件好事。心理學(xué)教授KimaCargill說(shuō)：“中午多吃一頓，晚上少吃一點(diǎn)，從營(yíng)養(yǎng)上來(lái)說(shuō)真的更好”)”可知，KimaCargill欣賞“girldinner”的地方在于它常常量少。故選B。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Girldinnerencouragespeopletolistentoandfollowtheirheart.Itcanbeacelebrationoffreedom,ifonlyforonemeal,fromthatdomesticlabor,”nutritionistAlissaRumseysays.(“girldinner”鼓勵(lì)人們傾聽和跟隨自己的內(nèi)心。它可以是對(duì)自由的慶祝，即使只是一頓飯，也可以擺脫家務(wù)勞動(dòng)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家阿麗莎·拉姆齊說(shuō))”可知，AlissaRumsey認(rèn)為“girldinner”對(duì)于女性而言，是擺脫日常責(zé)任的一個(gè)喘息機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butwhatworksforthemmaynotworkforyou.(但對(duì)他們有效的方法可能對(duì)你不起作用)”可知，AlissaRumsey建議不要盲目跟從別人的飲食習(xí)慣。故選B?！敬鸢浮?6．C17．F18．B19．D20．G【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了終身學(xué)習(xí)的重要性和好處，包括增加動(dòng)力、提升腦力、促進(jìn)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和改善職業(yè)生涯等方面。【解析】16．根據(jù)空前“LifelongLearninghasbecomeessentialinaworldconstantlychangingduetorapidlyadvancingtechnology,evolvingjobfields,andshiftingculturalnorms.(在一個(gè)因科技飛速進(jìn)步、職業(yè)領(lǐng)域不斷演變以及文化規(guī)范持續(xù)變化而日新月異的世界里，終身學(xué)習(xí)已變得至關(guān)重要)”可知，上文提到終身學(xué)習(xí)在不斷變化的世界中變得至關(guān)重要。選項(xiàng)C“Itisnolongerjustachoice;itisanecessity(它不再僅僅是一種選擇，而是一種必要)”進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了終身學(xué)習(xí)的必要性，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。17．根據(jù)上文“Itincreasesmotivation.Gainingnewknowledgeanddevelopingskillscanbeafunandrewardingexperienceformanypeople.AccordingtothePewResearchCenter,80%oflifelonglearnerssaidthattheypursuedlearningbecausetheydesiredtoacquireknowledgethatwouldhelpmaketheirmoremotivatingandfulfilled(滿足的).(終身學(xué)習(xí)能提升動(dòng)力。對(duì)許多人而言，獲取新知識(shí)和培養(yǎng)技能是一種有趣且有益的體驗(yàn)。皮尤研究中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，80%的終身學(xué)習(xí)者表示，他們追求學(xué)習(xí)是因?yàn)榭释@取能讓生活更具動(dòng)力和滿足感的知識(shí))”可知，段主題是終身學(xué)習(xí)能增加動(dòng)力，空前指出很多人認(rèn)為獲取新知識(shí)和技能是有趣且有回報(bào)的經(jīng)歷，80%的終身學(xué)習(xí)者因渴望獲取知識(shí)而學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)F“Continuouslylearningandimprovingyourselfcouldprovideenormousself-satisfaction(不斷學(xué)習(xí)和提升自己能帶來(lái)巨大的自我滿足感)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，同時(shí)與空后“asyouwouldoftenfeelasenseofaccomplishmentwhenyoulearnnewthings(因?yàn)楫?dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)新事物時(shí)，往往會(huì)有一種成就感)”相呼應(yīng)，解釋了學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)動(dòng)力的原因。故選F。18．空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“AccordingtoresearchinthePsychologicalSciencejournal,acquiringnewskillsnotonlydeepsyourbrainactiveandsharpbutalsohelpsimprovecognitive(認(rèn)知的)function,delayingmemoryproblemsasyouage.Additionally,learningnewsubjectsenhancesproblem-solvingskills,asnotedbyDr.BarbaraOakley,anexpertinlearningandengineering.(《心理科學(xué)》雜志的研究表明，掌握新技能不僅能讓大腦保持活躍和敏銳，還能幫助提升認(rèn)知功能，隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)延緩記憶問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)。此外，學(xué)習(xí)新學(xué)科能提高解決問(wèn)題的能力，學(xué)習(xí)與工程領(lǐng)域的專家芭芭拉?奧克利博士指出了這一點(diǎn)。)”可知，本段講述了獲取新技能能讓大腦保持活躍敏銳，有助于提高認(rèn)知功能，延緩記憶問(wèn)題，這都與大腦能力相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B“Itboostsyourbrainpower(它增強(qiáng)你的腦力)”符合本段主旨大意。故選B。19．根據(jù)上文“Ithelpsyougrowpersonally.Acquiringnewskillsnotonlyboostsyourconfidencebutalsoempowersyou,exposingyoutoabroaderperspectivebyintroducingdifferentviewsandcultures.(終身學(xué)習(xí)有助于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)。掌握新技能不僅能增強(qiáng)自信，還能賦予你力量，通過(guò)接觸不同的觀點(diǎn)和文化，讓你擁有更廣闊的視野)”可知，此段