大學(xué)英語四級模擬試卷694

大學(xué)英語四級模擬試卷694

一、作文（本題共7題，每題7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispari,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMyViewon

Charity.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.近

日，有些從事慈善事業(yè)的個人及機構(gòu)受到人們的批評2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因

3.我的看法MyViewonCharity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：MyViewonCharityCharityisofutmostimportancetoushumans.While

followingaspateofscandals,someindividualsandinstitutionsinvolvedinthisfieldhave

encounteredcriticisminrecentmonths.Thereareseveralreasonsforthisphenomenon.

Aboveall,comparedwiththoseofdevelopedcountries,thecharityawarenessinour

countryisbackward.Sonicpeopleequalcharitywithdonation,andthereforetheybelieve

thatcharityistherich'sresponsibilityandhasnothingtodowiththemiddle-classandthe

poor.Thesecondthingthatmustbetakenintoconsiderationisthatanumberof

individualsandcharitableorganizationslackasenseofsocialresponsibility,which

resultsinthedecliningsocialcredibility.Formypart,Ibelievethefollowingstepscan

addressthissituation.Firstly,people'sawarenessofhowprofoundinfluencecharitycan

bringtooursocietyshouldbeheightened.Secondly,rigoroussupervisionmustbecarried

outbytheadministrationsinvolved,sothatthecharityactivitieswillbecomemore

transparent.

知識點解析：暫無解析

二、快速閱讀理解（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共70

分。）

WhenItConiestoWater,WeareAllMayaNowIt'spossiblethattheimpressiveMaya

civilization—withmasteryofmathematics,farming,watermanagement,pyramid

buildingandcityplanning—wasundonebysummerrain.Notenoughsummerrain.

Undone,infact,byexactlythekindofrainfallchanges,weourselvesarestartingto

experience-smallshiftsinrainfallthatpersist,andenduphavinganoutsizedimpact.

TheMayadominatedtheYucatanPeninsulafor600years,andtheirsettlementand

civilizationtherespannedmorethan1,000years.AndyetthegreatMayacitiescollapsed

andwereabandonedtothejungleoveraperiodofbetween100and200years.What

happenedisthesubjectofwidescholarlydebates-althoughdrought（十旱）hasoften

beenarguedasthemajorsourceoftheMayas'termination,along-lastinganddamaging

drought.Thedebateshavelackedharddata,untillastweek.InthejournalScience,we've

nowgotagraphshowingtherainfallovertheYucatan,duringthelast200yearsofMaya

dominance—fromtheyear800totheyear1000.Actually,it'snotquiteagraphof

rainfall:It'sagraphofeachyear'sdifferencefromthetypicalrainfall.Theyears810to

815wereprettywet—10percentmorerainfallthanusual.Theyears820to840were

harsh—notasingleyearofevenaveragerainfall,anddecadesofyearswith30percent

lessrainfallthanusual.What'ssostrikingisthattheperiodsofdroughtwererelatively

short,oftenbrokenbybriefgoodrain,andtheactualfall-offinrainfallseemsrelatively

modest—20to40percentlessthanusualinthedryperiods.Infact,overaperiodof200

years,thereareonlyacoupledeeptroughs（波谷）reachingto40percentlessthanusual.

CouldtheMayashavebeenundonebythatkindofshiftinrainfallover100or150

years?Wcthinkthedisastrouscollapseofacivilizationrequiresanequallydisastrous

cause.Butwhatifourexpectationofwateravailabilityissofixedthatwelosetrackofit?

Whatifsmallshiftsinrainfallcanhaveasurprisinglydramaticimpact?"Perhaps,Hwrite

thepaper'sauthors,11theimpactofthesedroughtswasrathermodestdespitethelarge

associatedenvironmentalandsocietaldisruptions."ThedetailedpictureofMayarainfall

istheworkoftwoclimatescientists,MartinMedina-ElizaldeandEelcoRohling,and

theyanalyzedlakebedsubstancesthatrevealedtherainfall.Theirconclusionsare

remarkablydetailed-Mcdina-ElizaldcandRohlingwereabletoteaseoutthedifference

betweentherainyseasonrainfallofthesummersandthedrierseasonrainfallofthe

winters.Theyfoundthatitwasthesummerrainfallthatfelloff-andthatmuchofthe

fall-offmayhavebeenduetofewerhurricanes（颶風(fēng)）,orhurricanesofreducedintensity.

Wetendtobeprettyconfidentinourabilitytoseeandmeasurewhat'sgoingonaround

us,tounderstandit,andtoadjust.It'snotcertainwhathappenedtotheMaya—butone

thingistrue:1heyhadsophisticatedsystemstoraccessinggroundwaterandtor

collecting,storing,anddistributingrainwater,likeourownsystems,theMayasystems

wereelaboratedandfixedinplace.Whentherainfailedtoappearinthequantitiesthey

hadbecomeusedto,theydidn'thavetheflexibilitytoadapttheirwatersystemtoserve

themillionsofpeoplewhoreliedonit.Theyhadbuiltacivilizationassumingacertain

quantityofwater,andwhen20or30percentlesswaterappearedconsistently,theirentire

wayoflife,perhapsespeciallyfoodcultivation,becameunsustainable.Theauthors

themselvesnote,somewhatdryly,thatthevariationsinrainfalltheyfoundduringthe

periodwhenMayacivilizationdisintegrated"arcnotfaroutsidetherangeofthose

precedingthistimeinterval,whentheMayacivilizationflourished."Thatis,theamount

ofrain,andthevariationinthatrain,wasn'ttoodifferentbetweendominanceand

destruction.Here'stheamazingthing.We*renotactuallymuchbetteroffthanthe

Mayas—exceptforhavingawealthofdatatotrackourownvulnerability.Lastyear,

rainfallinHouston,Texas,was55percentlessthanusual.HowwillHoustongetalongif

thatpersistsforacoupleyears?Andthenthere'sthestoryofPerth,Australia.Perthisthe

firstwesterncitytoconfrontthepossibilityoftrulyrunningoutofwater.The

circumstanceinPerthin2012isstartlinglysimilartothatintheYucatanPeninsulain

912.Perthhasseenaveragerainfalldrop20percentoverthelast25years.Water

collectedbyitsreservoirsfellby75percentoverthatsameperiod.Why?Becausethe

reservoirswerebuiltassumingacertainamountandlocationofrainfall.AsonePerth

officialputit."Allofasudden,itlookedlikewe'dbuiltourreservoirsinthewrongplace.

"Forachillingbargraphofwhatitlookslikewhenacitylookswaterdisasterintheeye,

nothingmatchesthesimplechartPerth'swaterutilityhasputuponline.ThecrisisPerth

confrontedinthelate1990s,andavoided,wasidenticaltothatfacedbyMayawater

managers-exceptPerthgottheleadershipandvisiontofixitswaterproblems.Most

super-sizedmoderncitieswouldbeinasimilarcrisisiftheirlong-termwateravailability

suddenlydropped20percent—nottosay30or40percent.Ourcitywatersystemshave

nobetteradaptabilitythanthoseoftheMaya.Indeed,duringthecruel10-ycardroughtin

Australia,manybigreservoirsweredownto30or20or10percentcapacity——thereis

nothingmorethreateningthanacity-sizedreservoirthatis80percentempty.Thelesson

oftheMayaandthelessonofPertharethesame.Ourwaterassumptionsarejustthat;

assumptions.Weshouldbebuildingcitywaterculturesthathaveflexibility,multiple

sources,theabilitytore-usewater,theabilitytoconserve.Realstrategicthinkingabout

waterisn'taboutanewwatertreatmentplant,oraplantoreplaceagingwatermains.It's

aboutknowingwhatyou'lldoifyou'resuddenlyfacedwitha10or20percentlossof

availablewater,permanently.Beingreadyfbrthatkindofshiftwouldchangehowvveall

thinkaboutwater——fromfactorymanagerstodadsdoingthedishes.Infact,weareall

Maya.

2、WhatisthereasonfbrtheauthortomentionMaya'srainfallchanges?

A、Heconductedaresearchonthetopic.

B、Hereadanarticleconcerningthetopic.

C、Heusedthetopictoalarmreaders.

D、Heciteditasanexampleforargument.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：定位句指出，瑪雅文明的毀滅是由于降雨量的變化，而我們現(xiàn)在也正

經(jīng)歷著持續(xù)的少量的降雨變化，最終將造成大規(guī)模的影響。因此作者是在警示讀者

們不可小覷我們現(xiàn)今面臨的缺水危機，否則后果嚴(yán)重，故答案為C）。而且，從該

題也可以推測出本文不僅僅要講述瑪雅的缺水問題，還會擴展到我們當(dāng)今社會缺水

的現(xiàn)狀。

3、WhatisrevealedinthegraphpublishedinthejournalScience'!

A^ThedevelopmentandrediscoveryofMayacivilization.

B、ThedominanceofcivilizationinYucatanPeninsula.

C、Maya'ssophisticatedfarmingandcityplanning.

D^Maya'sannualdifferencefromthetypicalrainfall.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：定位句指出，圖表中顯示的是每年的降雨量與一般降雨量之間的差

別，故答案為D

4、WhatdiscoveryisconsideredsostrikinginthegraphofrainfalloverYucatan?

A、Droughtperiodswererelativelyshort.

B、Therehasbeennosnowfor200years.

C、Occasionalfloodshappened.

D、Therainfallwitnessedanannualdecline.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：定位句指出，從圖表中得出的驚人發(fā)現(xiàn)是：尤卡坦半島干旱期相對較

短，經(jīng)常有短暫的大雨緩解干旱，并且實際上降雨量的下降也相對不大。在干旱

期，降雨量比通常情況下減少了20%到40%。定位句中的第一個分句是A）的同義

轉(zhuǎn)換，其他選項均與定位句的內(nèi)容不符。

5、ItwasfoundthatthegreatdeclineofsummerrainfallinMayamayresult

from.

A^theincreasingheatfromthesun

B、fewerandweakerhurricanes

C、moreacidairintheatmosphere

D、environmentalandsocialdestructions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：題干中的decline,resultfrom分別對應(yīng)原文中的fall-off,dueto,B)

中的weaker與原文中的ofreducedintensity“強度減弱的”屬于同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故為答

案。

6^WhydidtheMayasfailtoadapttothequantitychangeofrainfalls?

A^Theirwatermanagementsystemswereinefficient.

B、Theylackedflexibilitytoadapttheirwatersystem.

C、Theirnumberofcitizenwastoolargetobewellserved.

D^Theyhadunrealisticexpectationsformorerainfalls.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：定位句指出，當(dāng)降雨量未能達(dá)到他們習(xí)慣的數(shù)量時，他們?nèi)狈`活

性，未能對水利系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行調(diào)整來滿足依賴降水的無數(shù)子民，故答案為B

7、Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichaspectarewebetteroffthantheMayas?

A、Wemasternewtechnologyforwatercleaning.

B、Weowncomplicatedmachinestodigdeepwells.

C、WearemoretalentedandindependentthanMayas.

D、Wehavesufficientdatatoreflectourrainfalldeficiency.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：定位句指出，我們并不比瑪雅人好多少一除了我們擁有大量的數(shù)據(jù)

來跟蹤記錄我們的脆弱。這里的脆弱指的就是我們現(xiàn)在正遭受的降雨量減少的問

題，故答案為D

8、WhathappenedtothecityofPerth,Australiaoverthelast25years?

A^Halfofitslandturnedtodesert.

B、Itspopulationexplodedtwice.

C、Itsaveragerainfalldropped20percent.

D^Twoofitsmajorriverswerepoisoned.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：定位句指出，在過去25年內(nèi)，佩斯的平均降雨量減少了20%,故答

案為C

9、A20percentdropinthelong-termwateravailabilitywouldinduceahugecrisis

for.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：mostsuper-sizedmoderncities

知識點解析：由定位句可知，如果現(xiàn)代的超級大城市的長期可用水資源突然減少

20%,那么它們將會經(jīng)歷同樣的危機。題干中的主語是定位句中的條件從句，題干

主謂完整，所缺部分作for的賓語，故答案為mostsuper-sizedmoderncitieso

10、Accordingtotheauthor,ourknowledgeandunderstandingaboutwaterare

just.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:assumptions

知識點解析：assumption意為“假定，設(shè)想“，ourwaterassumptions特指我們對水持

有的一些看法或者認(rèn)知；我們曾經(jīng)或許以為這些都是可靠的認(rèn)知，但在瑪雅的案例

面前，這些也僅僅是我們的猜想。題干與定位句句型相同，但是定位句中為了表示

強調(diào)，用了that：assumptions的形式，由于題干中未提到assumptions這個詞，則

在答案中要省略ihal,故答案為assumptions。

11、Weshouldknowwhatstepstotakeifsuddenlyfacedwitha10or20percent

permanentlossof.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：availablewater

知識點解析：題干中of后面需要填入一個名詞或名詞短語將其補充完整。定位句

中提到a10or20percentlossofavailablewater和permanently,題干中將副詞

permanently轉(zhuǎn)化成了形容詞permanent,修飾loss,故答案為availablewaler。

三、聽力短對話（本題共8題，每題7.0分，共8分0）

12、

A、Improvecommunityservicequickly.

B、StudyFrenchwithhim.

C、PracticeFrenchwithlocalpeople.

D、FindoutsomeFrenchcourses.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；D

知識點解析：暫無解析

13、

A、Thegallerymightbeclosedbeforetheyarrive.

B、Thegalleryisarightplacetovisit.

C^Itisn'tworthgettingupsetaboutthedelay.

D、It'srelaxingtoappreciatepaintings.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

14、

A、Pickupthewomanaifive.

B、Meetthewomanattherestaurant.

C、Buysomefoodfromarestaurant.

D、Repairhiscarafterdinner.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

15、

A、Sheneedstochangearoommate.

B、Sheisangrywiththetimechange.

C、Herroommatecan'tcometothemeeting.

D、Herroommateisaterriblemessage-taker.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D:

知識點解析：暫無解析

16、

A^HeprefersGermanytootherEuropeancountries.

B、Hepreferslargenoteswhentraveling.

C^He'drathertaketraveler'schecksthancash.

D^HelosthiswalletwhentravelinginEurope.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

17、

A、Hisclassesareverydifficult.

B、Hewillpublishabooksoon.

C、Hisworkiswellrespected.

D、Heisofteninterviewedbythepress.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

18、

A、It'sgoodofJonestohelphisfriend.

B>It'sconvenienttomoveatweekend.

C、Notmanypeoplespendweekendsathome.

D、Joneshelpedthemputupanewtent.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

19、

A、He'dliketotakethewomantowork.

B、He'lltrytogetaridefromsomeoneelse.

C、Judy'shomeisnearertotheoffice.

D、Judyhasagreedtogivehimaride.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

四、聽力長對話（含3小題）（本題共3題，每題1.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A^Shehasapart-timejobasaprivateteacher.

B、ShehasaclasstaughtbyatutoreverySaturday.

C、ShehasnothingtodoeverySaturday.

D^Sheworksata"TutorWanted'*center.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

21、

A、Bytheintroductionofherfriend.

B、Byaphonebook.

C>Bya"TutorWanted"notice.

D、ByanadvertisementontheInternet.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點解析：暫無解析

22>

A、Askprofessionalteachersforhelp.

Askhisfriendforhelp.

C、Postsomenoticesonthewirepoles.

D、Postsomenoticesonthenoticeboard.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)W:索.D

知識"解扁暫無解析

五、聽力長對話（含4小題）（本題共4題，每題7.0

分，共4分。）

23、

A、Itmaystaythere.

Itmaydisappear.

C、Itmaycolddown.

D、Itmaybedestroyed.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

24、

A^Byburninghydrogen.

B、Bycoolingotherplanets.

C、Byheatingupperlayers.

D、Bygivingoutradiation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

25、

A^itwillexplode.

B、Ilwillgetcolder.

C^Itwillgethotter.

D、Itwillbedark.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

26、

A、Awhiteplanet.

B、Aredgiantstar.

C、Anewbigplanet.

D、Ablackdwarfstar.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

六、聽力短文（含3小題）（本題共6題，每題7.0

分,共6分。）

27、

A、Worsethantheyreallyare.

B、Betterthantheyreallyare.

C、Morecompetentbutlessconfident.

D、Worsethanmenineverything.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A.-

知識點解析：暫無解析

28、

A、Theythinkhighlyofthemselves.

B>Theyarelesscompetentthanmen.

C、Theylackself-confidencecomparedwithmen.

D、Theyarediscriminatedintheircompanies.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

29、

A、Beconfinedtoentry-leveljobs.

B、Receivealowerpaythantheyshould.

C、Beadvancedmorequickly.

D、Gainlessworkingexperience.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

30、

A、Theyhidetheiremotionstoothers.

Theyarepuzzledbywomen.

C、Theysharetoomuchwithothers.

D、Theycomplainaboutothers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

31、

A、Mentendtothinklessoftheirpartners.

B、Theywerebroughtupindifferentways.

C、Womenaremoreemotionalthanmen.

D^Theyhavedifferentthinkingstyles.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

32、

A^Tomakeothersannoyedintentionally.

B>Toappearcalmandfirminfrontofothers.

C^Toavoidsomeunhappinesswithfriends.

D、Toprotectpartnersorimportantothers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

七、聽力短文（含4小題）（本題共4題，每題上0

分,共4分。）

33、

A、Theylikedoingsportswithchildren.

B、Theyareverylivelyintheirsports.

C、Theyarelikechildreninsports.

D、Theyaresmarterthanotheranimals.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

34、

A、Thefrogs.

B、Theants.

C、Theowls.

D、Thebeavers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

35、

A、Theyaregoodatfindingandarrangingmaterials.

B、Someofthemscarcelybuildtheirownhouses.

C^Someofthemaregoodatbuildinghouses.

D、Theythinklittlewhilebuildingtheirhouses.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

36、

A、Theylearnsoundsmorequicklythanotherbirds.

B、Theycanimitatethemostdifferentsounds.

C>Theythinkmuchwhilelearningsomething.

D、Theyarequitestupidinsomeaspects.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

八、聽力復(fù)合式聽寫（本題共〃題，每題7.0分，共

〃分。）

Manypeoplecondemnthsverythinfashionmodelswhoareconsideredtohavea

negativeimpactonthebodyimageofallwomen,andespeciallyyounggirls.Ifwelook

atmodelsfromthe1950sorearlier,theydidn't[Bl]tosufferfromlackof

beautyduetoa[B2]fullerfigure.Witha[B3]culturelikeAmerica,

manylookatfashionmodelswearingclothes,andhopesuchclotheswillmakethemlook

justasthinand[B4].Studiesshowthatwomentendtorespondmorepositively

toproducts[B5]onthinnerfashionmodels.However,designersinSpainhave

madeaclearstatementbysetting[B6]weightandbodyindexrequirementsfor

models.Thisperhaps[B7]aturningpointinthefashionindustrytoward

[B8]healthierweightsamongmodels.Fromthemanystatementsmadeby

bothfashionmodelsandactresseswithanorexia（厭食），[B9].Whilethereare

somewomenwhoseemtonaturallyrunverythin,othersdon'tseemto,anddiethasvery

littletodowithit.Forcingasuperthinidealonthepublicclearlyaffectspublictaste,

[BIO].ManyhopethatSpain'sdecisionleadsthetrendawayfromthevery

thin,toabetterfed,andhealthiermodel.Itcertainlyindicatesthat[B11].

37、[Bl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：叩pear

知識點解析：暫無解析

38、[B2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:slightly

知識點解析：暫無解析

39、[B3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：thin-obsessed

知識點解析：暫無解析

40、[B4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：attractive

知識點解析：暫無解析

41、[B5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：advertised

知識點解析：暫無解析

42、[B6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：minimum

知識點解析：暫無解析

43、[B7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：represents

知識點解析：暫無解析

44、[B8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：encouraging

知識點解析：暫無解析

45、[B9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：wcknowthattryingtomaintainsuperthinstatuscanbeverydifficult

知識點解析：暫無解析

46、[BIO]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：andmaybeveryharmfultoyounggirlsattemptingtodropweightto

unrealisticandunhealthygoals

知識點解析：暫無解析

47、[B11]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：somedesignersarenowwillingtotakebettercareoftheirmodels,who

throughtheirwork,enrichdesigners

知識點解析：暫無解析

九、閱讀(選詞填空)(本題共70題，每題7.0分，共

10分。)

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeoples

workhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,and

someofthechangesinwork[SI]whichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.

Thisseemsa[S2]thought.But,infact,itcouldofferthe[S3]ofa

betterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeant

economicfreedom.Employmentbecame[S4]whentheenclosuresofthe17th

and18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemofthe

useoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactory

systemdestroyedthecottageindustriesand[S5]workfrompeople'shomes.

Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlonger

distancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,[S6],manypeople'sworklostall

connectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.Meanwhile,

employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecame[S7]forthehusbandtogo

outtopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.It

wasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatus[S8].Asemploymentbecamethe

dominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewere[S9].Allthismay

nowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresources

awayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsfnrall,totheurgentpractical(askof[S10]

manypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.A)amazingI)helpingB)concepts

J)patternsC)customaryK)prospectD)definitelyL)removedE)deprivedM)suffered

F)discouragingN)visionG)eventuallyO)widespreadH)excluded

48、[SI]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識點解析：空格處缺少名詞與work搭配構(gòu)成名詞短語作in的賓語。此句句意

是：工業(yè)時代給工作所帶來的一些變化可能不得不被逆轉(zhuǎn)。workpatterns意為“工

作模式”,故答案為J)。B)concepts意為“概念,觀念”，不符合句意。

49、[S2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點解析：空格位于不定冠詞a之后，名詞thoughl之前，故應(yīng)填入一個形容

詞。此句句意是：這似乎是一個……的想法。根據(jù)上句句意及下句轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可

知，此處所填詞應(yīng)該是表達(dá)消極意思的，故答案為discouraging“令人沮喪的”。

amazing意為“令人驚異的”，不符合句意。

50、[S3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識點解析：空格處缺少與of搭配構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系的名詞。此句句意是：但是，事

實上，它可以為工作提供一個更美好的未來。prospect“前景”與future相照應(yīng)，故

為答案。vision意為“幻想，想象力”，不符合句意。

51、[S4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：0

知識點解析：空格位于系動詞became后，空格處缺少形容詞。此句句意是：當(dāng)

17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運動通過剝奪人們對土地的使用權(quán)使許多人依靠有償工作生

存，雇傭制變得很普遍，故答案為widespread”普遍的工

52、[S5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識點解析：空格前是并列連詞and,空格后是名詞work,可知空格處缺少與

destroyed并列的謂語動詞。此句句意是：之后，工廠系統(tǒng)摧毀了家庭手工業(yè)，把

工作從人們的家里removed“移走”符合題意，故為答案。deprived意為“剝

奪”，常與。f搭配使用，故排除。

53、[S6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點解析：空格前是連詞until,空格后是完整的句子，所以空格處缺少副詞作

插入語。此句句意是：……人們行走更長的距離到達(dá)他們工作的地點直到……許多

人的工作失去了與家庭生活和居住地的所有聯(lián)系。eventually“最終”符合句意，故

為答案。definitely意為“確切地”，不符合句意。

54、[S7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：空格在系動詞became后，缺少形容詞作表語。此句句意是：丈夫出

去做有償?shù)墓ぷ?，把家里和家庭中無償?shù)墓ぷ髁艚o妻子，這已經(jīng)成為……。

customary意為“習(xí)慣上的，慣常的，合乎習(xí)俗的“，符合句意，故為答案。

55、[S8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識點解析：空格位于定語從句中，從句中缺少謂語動詞，并且從句中不帶賓語，

因此應(yīng)填不及物動詞或可不帶賓語的及物動詞。根據(jù)空格前的was以及前文“雇傭

制使女性處于不利地位”可知，空格處應(yīng)填的是表示消極意義的動詞過去式。此句

句意是:不僅是女性的就業(yè)狀況。excluded與deprived都是及物動詞,后面需

帶賓語。suffered意為“受損害”既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞，符合句意，故

為答案。

56、[S9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識點解析：空格處缺少動詞的過去分詞與were構(gòu)成被動結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語。聯(lián)系上句

中的notonly可知此句與其并列，也表示消極的意思，因此空格處應(yīng)填的是表示消

極意義的動詞。此句句意是：隨著雇傭制成為主要的工作形式，年輕人和老人

被……。excluded意為“排除，驅(qū)除"，符合句意,故為答案。

57、[SI0]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識點解析：空格位于介詞of之后，而空格后出現(xiàn)了動詞不定式tomanage,因此

空格處缺少動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。此句句意是：將一些精力和資源從為所有人創(chuàng)造

工作的理想主義目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)移到……許多沒有全職工作的人維持生活這個緊迫的實際的

任務(wù)上來，這樣的時代必將到來。helping意為“幫助”，符合句意，故為答案。

十、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共10題，每題

分,共10分。）

ThepopularcollegerankingsfocusprimarilyonprestigeasmeasuredbytheSATscores

ofincomingstudentsandhowmanyapplicantsareturnedaway.Aninitiativestartedlast

fallbytheObamaadministrationcouldhelpfamiliesgobeyondtheselimitedindexesto

learnquicklyandeasilyhowacollegestacksupagainstitscompetitorsnationallyon

importantmetricslikegraduationrates,whatadegreeactuallycostsandhowmuchdebt

astudentcanexpecttoincur（招致）bygraduationday.Criticsmaycastthisinitiativeas

governmentoverreach.Butgiventhatthefederalgovernmentspendsnearly$190billion

ayearonhighereducationaidtostudents,ithasalawfulinterestinmakingsurethatthe

moneyflowstotheschoolsthatbestmeettheirresponsibilitiestofamiliesandstudents.

Congresshastakensomestepstodemandgreatertransparencyfromcolleges.The1990

StudentRighttoKnowAct,forexample,requiredcollegesanduniversitiesthatreceive

federalaidtodisclosegraduationrates.Andthe2008HigherEducationOpportunityAct

requiredschoolstoofferawayforconsumerstodetermineactualcostsafterstudentaid

istakenintoaccount.Butmanycollegeshavedoneapoorjobofcomplyingwithfederal

disclosurerules,andmuchoftheavailableinformationisnotinoneplace.The

administration'sneweffortswouldenforcereportingrequirementsandprovidesomenew

tools.ThenewfederalConsumerFinancialProtectionBureauhasdevelopeda

preliminaryversionofaone"shoppingsheet"withdatafromthecollegesthatwill

allowstudentstolearnhowmuchtheywillneedtopay,whattheywillowe,howthe

schoolranksnationallyinnetcost,andwhetherstudentswhohavegraduatedareearning

enoughmoneytorepaytheirloans.TheDepartmentofEducationhasalsocreateda

preliminaryversionofa"collegescorecard"withdatatohelpstudentscomparecolleges

onaffordabilityandvalue.Ascorecardforallcollegesshouldbeavailablelaterthisyear.

Byfederalregulation,for-profitschoolsarcalreadyrequiredtoreportsimilar

information,includingstudentearningsanddebt,tothegovernment.Thetransparency

initiativesshouldbeembracedbybothpartiesinCongress.Ifstudentsandfamilies,

facinghighertuitionandrisingdebt,aretomakesoundchoices,theyneedmoreand

betterinformation.

58、WhatmaybetheopinionofcriticsabouttheinitiativestartedlastfallbytheObama

administration?

A^Itisanabuseofgovernmentpower.

B、Itmaydisturbthecollegeteaching.

C^Itisanadministrativepunishment.

D^Itmaygeneratemorepressuretocolleges.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查評論家對于奧巴馬政府實行的法案的態(tài)度。題

干中的opinion和原文中的castas意思相近，都表示觀點、態(tài)度。由此可推斷as后

面的內(nèi)容即為答案。根據(jù)原文可知，評論家認(rèn)為這一法案是政府越權(quán)。因此，

A)“這是政府對權(quán)力的濫用”正確。B)“這可能擾亂大學(xué)的教學(xué)”、C)“這是一種行政

處罰”和D)“這可能會對大學(xué)產(chǎn)生更大的壓力”都與原文不符，故排除。

59、WhydoestheCongresshavetherighttodemandgreatertransparencyfrom

colleges?

A、Becauseithasissuedtwoactsrequiringtransparencyfromcolleges.

B、Becauseconsumersneedmoreinformationtodeterminecostforeducation.

C^Becauseitspends$190billiononhighereducationeachyear.

D、Becauseithastoensurethemoneygiventocollegesmeetingtheirresponsibilities.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。該題考查國會有權(quán)要求學(xué)校公開財務(wù)的原因。由原文可

知，聯(lián)邦政府每年給予高等學(xué)校學(xué)生.的資助為1900億美元，因而它有權(quán)確保這筆

資金投入的學(xué)校履行它們的職責(zé)，故D)“因為國會要確保這筆資金投入的學(xué)校履行

了它們的職責(zé)”正確。A)“因為國會發(fā)布了兩項要求學(xué)校公開的法令”、B)“因為消費

者需要更多的信息來確定教育的費用”都未在原文中體現(xiàn)，故排除；C)”因為國會每

年在高等教育中投入1900億美元”和原文意思不符，原文中提到的是國會每年對

學(xué)生資助方面的投入為1900億美元，故排除。

60、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthe1990StudentRighttoKnowAct?

A、Itasksallcollegesanduniversitiestoreportgraduationrates.

B、Itaimstomakecollegesmoretransparenttothesociety.

CNItprovidesnewtoolsforcollegestomeetreportingrequirements.

D、Itrequiresschoolstodisclosetostudentstheactualtuitionfees.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：推理判斷題。本題考查1990年《學(xué)生知情權(quán)法案》的相關(guān)信息。由

定位句可知，該法案規(guī)定那些受到聯(lián)邦政府資助的大學(xué)公開它們的畢業(yè)率。由此可

知，該法案的目的在于使人們了解更多的學(xué)校的相關(guān)信息，故B)”它旨在使學(xué)校對

社會更透明“正確。A)“它要求所有的大學(xué)報告畢業(yè)率”和原文不符，原文中被要求

報告畢業(yè)率的大學(xué)是有限制的，即那些接受了政府資助的學(xué)校，而不是所有學(xué)校；

C)“它為大學(xué)滿足報告要求提供了新的工具”和D)“它要求學(xué)校向?qū)W生公開實際的學(xué)

費”并未在原文中體現(xiàn)，故排除。

61>Theone"shoppingsheet"inPara.5mainlyintroduces.

A、theacademicstrengthofcolleges

B、thecomprehensivecostsofcolleges

C、theoverallprestigeofcolleges

D、thesenseofresponsibilityofcolleges

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查shoppingshe以的作用。定位句中的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)

wilhdata即表明了這個單子提供了一些信息。根據(jù)下文可知，這些信息主要是關(guān)于

接受大學(xué)教育的相關(guān)花費，如需要多少學(xué)費、凈花費是多少、能否在畢業(yè)后掙足夠

的錢來還貸款等。因此，B)“大學(xué)的總體花費”正確，A)“大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)實力"、C廣大

學(xué)的綜合影響力”和D)“大學(xué)的責(zé)任感”均不符合原文，故排除。

62Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

ANitiseasierforstudentsandfamiliestomakesoundchoices

B、bothpartiesinCongresssupporttransparencyfromcolleges

C、collegesshouldprovidepeoplewithmoreandbetterinformation

D、tuitionanddebtarehigherandhigherfbrstudentsandparents

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對末段信息的理解。根據(jù)定位段可知，這項公

開法案應(yīng)當(dāng)獲得兩黨的支持。面對著越來越高的學(xué)費和債務(wù)，學(xué)生和家長如果想要

做出一個正確的選擇的話，那么就需要更多、更好的信息，由此可知D)“對于學(xué)生

和家長來說學(xué)費和債務(wù)越來越高”正確。A)“對學(xué)生和家長來說，做正確的選擇更容

易了''和原文不符，原文提出學(xué)生和家長做正確的選擇是一個假設(shè)，而不是事實，

故排除；B)“國會兩黨都支持大學(xué)的透明公開”和原文不符，故排除；C)“大學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)

向人們提供更多、更好的信息”不是最后一?段討論的內(nèi)容.故排除.

Badteethcanbepainful-andworse.Theycanevenbedeadly.Infectionsofthegums

andteethcanreleasebacteriaintothebloodsystem.Thosebacteriacanincreasethe

chancesofaheartattackorstrokeandworsentheeffectsofotherdiseases.Andadults

arenottheonlyonesatrisk.Forexample,in2007,doctorsintheWashingtonareasaida

boydiedwhenatoothinlectionspreadtohisbrain.Theysaiditmighthavebeen

preventedhadhereceivedthe