2020年全國各類成人高等學(xué)?？荚嚒队⒄Z》（專升本）考試真題及答案

2020年全國各類成人高等學(xué)?？荚嚒队⒄Z》（專升本）考試真題及答案1.【語音知識】選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)（）A.shoutB.cloudC.mouseD.tough正（江南博哥）確答案：D參考解析：D選項(xiàng)讀[?]，其他選項(xiàng)讀[a?]。2.【語音知識】選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)（）A.fearB.bearC.wearD.pear正確答案：A參考解析：A選項(xiàng)讀[??]，其他選項(xiàng)讀[e?]。3.【語音知識】選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)（）A.postB.costC.mostD.host正確答案：B參考解析：B選項(xiàng)讀[?]，其他選項(xiàng)[??]。4.【語音知識】選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)（）A.chaseB.baseC.easeD.case正確答案：C參考解析：C選項(xiàng)讀[z]，其他選項(xiàng)讀[s]。5.【語音知識】選出下列選項(xiàng)中劃線部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)（）A.scareB.sceneC.scoreD.scale正確答案：B參考解析：B選項(xiàng)讀[s]，其他選項(xiàng)讀[sk]。6.【詞匯與語法知識】Johnson

___hismealwhenhisfriendTimcalledhimtoeatouttogether.A.hadfinishedB.hasfinishedC.finishedD.finishes正確答案：A參考解析：句意：當(dāng)Johnson的朋友叫他一起出去吃飯時(shí)，他已經(jīng)吃完飯了。空格后面時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意，空格處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，故選A。7.【詞匯與語法知識】Culturalexchangeplaysanimportantrole___promotingrelationbetweenthetwocountries.A.inB.onC.atD.to正確答案：A參考解析：句意：文化交流在促進(jìn)兩國關(guān)系方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。playanimportantrolein...為固定搭配，意為“在……中起重要作用”。8.【詞匯與語法知識】Thetwoteacherstaughthim30yearsago，but_____ofthemcanrecognizehimnow.A.eitherB.noneC.eachD.neither正確答案：D參考解析：句意：三十年前兩位老師都教過他，但是現(xiàn)在老師們都認(rèn)不出他了。根據(jù)but可知前后兩句意思相反，即“現(xiàn)在老師們認(rèn)不出他了”，故排除A，C兩項(xiàng)。none指“三者或三者以上任意一個(gè)都不……”，neither指“兩者之間任意一個(gè)都不……”，故選D。9.【詞匯與語法知識】Theeducationcommittee

___hisproposalwithoutgivinghimanyreason.A.turnedupB.turneddownC.turnedoutD.turnedin正確答案：B參考解析：句意：教育委員會(huì)沒有給他任何理由就拒絕了他的建議。turnup意為“出現(xiàn)；調(diào)大”，turndown意為“拒絕；關(guān)小”，turnout意為“結(jié)果是”，turnin意為“歸還”，故選B。10.【詞匯與語法知識】He

___lateintothenight，butnowhegoestobedearlyduetohealthreasons.A.usedtoworkB.usedtoworkingC.isusedtoworkingD.isusedtowork正確答案：A參考解析：句意：以前他經(jīng)常加班到深夜，但現(xiàn)在因?yàn)樯眢w原因，他早早就睡了。usedtodosth.意為“過去常常做某事”，beusedtodoingsth.意為“習(xí)慣做某事”，故選A。11.【詞匯與語法知識】Modernscienceandtechnologyhasshortenedthedistancebetweenpeopleandbroughtus

___closer.A.mostB.muchC.tooD.very正確答案：B參考解析：句意：現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)縮短了人與人之間的距離，拉近了我們的距離。分析句子可知，空格處需要填一個(gè)可以修飾形容詞比較級closer的副詞。most一般修飾形容詞的最高級形式，much可以修飾形容詞的比較級形式，too和very不能修飾比較級，故選B。12.【詞匯與語法知識】Thenews

___thegeneralmanagerhadbeenarrestedshockedeveryone.A.whichB.howC.thatD.why正確答案：C參考解析：句意：總經(jīng)理被抓的消息震驚了所有人。分析句子可知，空格處需要填一個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句，且只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句中的任何成分，故選C。13.【詞匯與語法知識】Researchersaretryingto

___what'swrongwiththeirexperiments.A.pulloutB.calloutC.takeoutD.figureout正確答案：D參考解析：句意：研究人員正試圖找出他們實(shí)驗(yàn)中存在的問題。pullout意為“退出；（火車）駛出”，callout意為“喚起，召集”，takeout意為“取出，除去”，figureout意為“弄清楚”，故選D。14.【詞匯與語法知識】Mycomputerbrokedownyesterday.I'llhaveit____assoonaspossible.A.fixingB.fixedC.fixD.tofix正確答案：B參考解析：句意：我的電腦昨天壞了，我會(huì)盡快修好的。havesth.done為固定用法，have在這個(gè)搭配里是使役動(dòng)詞，意為“使某事被做”，故選B。15.【詞匯與語法知識】ThequestionIamgoingtoraisetodayisin

___withyesterday'sdiscussion.A.connectionB.companyC.contrastD.contact正確答案：A參考解析：句意：我今天要提出的問題與昨天的討論有關(guān)。beinconnectionwith意為“與……有關(guān)”，為固定搭配，且符合句意，故選A。beincompanywith意為“隨同，隨行”，beincontrastwith意為“與某物形式對比”，beincontactwith意為“與某物接觸；與某人交往”。16.【詞匯與語法知識】lstillrememberthehouse

___welivedwhenwearrivedinSeattlein2010.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.where正確答案：D參考解析：句意：我仍然記得我們2010年到達(dá)西雅圖時(shí)住的房子。分析句子可知，空格處需要填一個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。先行詞是thehouse，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，where可以作地點(diǎn)狀語，故選D。17.【詞匯與語法知識】

___，theissuedoesn'tseemtobedifficultatall.A.WithmyviewB.FrommyviewC.FormyviewD.Inmyview正確答案：D參考解析：句意：在我看來，這個(gè)問題似乎并不困難。inmyview意為“在我看來”，為固定短語，故選D。18.【詞匯與語法知識】lcouldn'tgotothemeetingbecauseIhadto

___mybrotherafterhisaccident.A.takeafterB.lookafterC.lookoverD.takeover正確答案：B參考解析：句意；我不能去參加會(huì)議，因?yàn)槲也坏貌辉谖腋绺绯鍪潞笳疹櫵akeafter意為“效仿，長得像”，lookafter意為“照顧”，lookover意為“仔細(xì)檢查”，takeover意為“接管”。故選B。19.【詞匯與語法知識】Tom

___thecaraccidentifhehadn'tdrunkalcoholbeforedriving.A.wouldavoidB.avoidedC.wouldhaveavoidedD.willavoid正確答案：C參考解析：句意：如果Tom在開車前不喝酒，他本可以避免車禍。分析句子可知，該句是對過去的虛擬。從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用laddone形式，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用wouldhavedone形式，故選C。20.【詞匯與語法知識】WheneverIwasfree，IwouldchatwithJohn，Helenandafew____friends.A.theotherB.anotherC.otherD.others正確答案：C參考解析：句意：每當(dāng)我有空的時(shí)候，我就會(huì)和Johnson，Helen還有其他幾個(gè)朋友聊天?？崭窈鬄槊~的復(fù)數(shù)形式，分析句子可知，空格處需填一個(gè)形容詞。"theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)"特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其他的（人或物）”，相當(dāng)于theothers，指剩余的全部；another泛指同類事物中三者或三者以上中的“另一個(gè)”；other作形容詞時(shí)指“其他的”，作代詞時(shí)指“另外一個(gè)”；others相當(dāng)于“other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，指剩余的另一些，并非全部。故選C。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-35題Teachersaresomeofthemostimportantprofessionalsintheworld.Theyareresponsible（21）preparingfuturegenerationstobecomeproductiveandhonestcitizens，whowill（22）tosocietyforthewholeoftheiradultlife.Obviously，themostcommonreason（23）teachersdecidetoteachistheabilitytomakeadifference.Therearemanyprofessionsthatgivepeopletheabilitytohavea（n）（24）impactontheworldandchangepeople'slives，（25）fewprofessionshaveadirectimpacton（26）abettersocietyasteachersdo.Peopletendto（27）theirteachersforyearsaftertheyfinishschool，forgoodteacherscan（28）theirstudentstobecomesomethingthatthey（29）thoughttheycouldbe，ortowork（30）afieldthattheythoughttheydidnot（31）.Teachersarealsoimportantbecausetheyprovide（32）fortheirstudents.Incertainiow-incomeareas（33）somestudentsmaynothavebothoftheirparents（34），teacherscanprovideanimportantinfluencethathelpstheirstudentsmaketheright（35），evenwhentheyarenotintheclassroom.Generally，teachers'impactonstudentscanlastallthroughtheirlife.21.【完型填空】第（21）題選A.ofB.inC.forD.to正確答案：C參考解析：beresponsiblefor通常指"對……負(fù)責(zé)任”，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞；而beresponsibleto通常指“對某人負(fù)責(zé)”，后加人或物，或接動(dòng)詞原形，表示“對做某事負(fù)有責(zé)任”。22.【完型填空】第（22）題選A.attributeB.contributeC.substituteD.distribute正確答案：B參考解析：本句句意：他們有責(zé)任將后代培養(yǎng)成有貢獻(xiàn)的誠實(shí)公民，在其整個(gè)成年生活中為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)。attribute意為“把……歸因于”；contribute意為“捐獻(xiàn)，做貢獻(xiàn)”，常與to搭配；substitute意為“代替”；distribute意為“分配”。根據(jù)句意，故選B。23.【完型填空】第（23）題選A.whatB.whyC.whichD.how正確答案：B參考解析：分析句子可知，空格處需填一個(gè)引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞。根據(jù)句意可知，教師決定教書的最常見原因是能夠改變現(xiàn)狀。reason作先行詞，定語從句表示某事物的原因，則引導(dǎo)詞用why.故選B。24.【完型填空】第（24）題選A.firmB.positiveC.definiteD.absolute正確答案：B參考解析：本句句意：有很多職業(yè)讓人們有能力對世界產(chǎn)生積極的影響，改變?nèi)藗兊纳睢irm意為“堅(jiān)定的”，positive意為“積極的”，definite意為“明確的”，absolute意為“絕對的”。根據(jù)句意，故選B。25.【完型填空】第（25）題選A.orB.butC.soD.and正確答案：B參考解析：本句句意：但是很少有職業(yè)像教師一樣對創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更好的社會(huì)有直接的影響。根據(jù)空格前的manyprofessions和空格后的fewprofessions以及句意可知，空格前后句子之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，but意為“但是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，故選B。26.【完型填空】第（26）題選A.creatingB.discoveringC.inventingD.designing正確答案：A參考解析：本句句意：很少有職業(yè)能像教師那樣對創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更好的社會(huì)有直接影響。creating意為“創(chuàng)造”，discovering，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，inventing，意為“發(fā)明”，designing意為“設(shè)計(jì)”。根據(jù)句意，故選A。27.【完型填空】第（27）題選A.remindB.rememberC.reflectD.review正確答案：B參考解析：本句句意：人們在完成學(xué)業(yè)后往往會(huì)記住他們的老師很多年。remind意為“提醒，使想起”，remember意為“記得”，reflect意為“反映”，review意為“復(fù)查；重新考慮”。根據(jù)句意。故選B。28.【完型填空】第（28）題選A.inspireB.forceC.orderD.demand正確答案：A參考解析：本句句意；因?yàn)楹玫睦蠋熆梢约?lì)他們的學(xué)生成為他們從未想過成為的樣子。inspire意為”激勵(lì)”，force意為“強(qiáng)迫”，order意為“命令”，demand意為“要求”。根據(jù)句意，故選入。29.【完型填空】第（29）題選A.neverB.ratherC.everD.still正確答案：A參考解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)老師對學(xué)生能夠起到巨大的激勵(lì)作用，使他們成為從未想過的樣子。never意為“從不”，rather意為“相當(dāng)；稍微”，ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，still意為“仍然”。根據(jù)句意，故選八。30.【完型填空】第（30）題選A.inB.onC.asD.at正確答案：A參考解析：本句句意：好的老師可以激勵(lì)他們的學(xué)生成為他們從未想過成為的樣子，或者在他們認(rèn)為無法勝任的領(lǐng)域工作。inafield意為"在某一領(lǐng)域”，符合題意，故選A。31.【完型填空】第（31）題選A.actB.fitC.askD.sit正確答案：B參考解析：本句句意：好的老師可以激勵(lì)他們的學(xué)生成為他們從未想過成為的樣子，或者在他們認(rèn)為自己不適合的領(lǐng)域工作。act意為“行動(dòng)，表現(xiàn)”，fit意為“適合”，ask意為“詢問”，sit意為“坐下”。根據(jù)句意，故選B。32.【完型填空】第（32）題選A.requestsB.commandsC.guidanceD.reference正確答案：C參考解析：本句句意；教師的重要性還在于他們?yōu)閷W(xué)生提供指導(dǎo)。requests意為“要求"，commands意為“命令”，guidance意為”指導(dǎo)”，reference意為“參考”。根據(jù)句意，故選C.33.【完型填空】第（33）題選A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which正確答案：B參考解析：本句句意：在某些低收入地區(qū)，一些學(xué)生的父母可能不在他們身邊，教師可以產(chǎn)生重要的影響，幫助學(xué)生做出正確的決定。分析句子可知，空格所在處需填定語從句引導(dǎo)詞，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故選B。34.【完型填空】第（34）題選A.awayB.aheadC.alongD.around正確答案：D參考解析：away意為“離開，在別處”，ahead意為“在前面”，along，意為“向前；一起”，around意為“四周，周圍”，have...around意為“有……在身邊”，符合題意，故選D。35.【完型填空】第（35）題選A.decisionsB.revisionsC.correctionD.connection正確答案：A參考解析：decisions意為“決定”，revisions意為“修訂，復(fù)習(xí)”，connection意為“改正”，connection意為“聯(lián)系”，maketherightdecisions意為“做出正確決定”，符合題意，故選A。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答36-39題Musicispartofthestructureofoursociety；itsitsattheheartofhumanexperienceandenriches（豐富）somanylives.Why，then，isitnotcentraltooureducationsystem?ThisisaquestionIrecentlyputforwardtoanall-partygrouponmusiceducation.lam20yearsoldandbeganplayingthepianoattheBarracudasBandinBarrow-in-Furness，agedseven.Thefundingforthecentrehasnowbeencut.Itookpartintheprimarytuitionproject，aged11.Thefundingforthathasalsobeencutnow.Itisacommonproblemacrossthecountry.Musicisnotanadd-on，a“soft”subjectoraluxury—itisabsolutelyessentialtoourexistence.Everychilddeservestheopportunitytoexperienceitsbenefits.Untilmusicisheldinthesameregardasthe"core"subjectsofourcurriculum，oursocietywillbeworseoff.Weneedjoy，empathy（共情）andhopeonthisplanetmorethanever，andtakingawaychildren'sopportunitytodevelopmusicalskillsistosetourselvesupforafall.Despitethemanybrilliantprogramsandprojectstoencourageyoungmusicians（“EveryChildaMusician，”"AwardsforYoungMusicians，"tonamebutafew），wearereachingacrisispoint.Weareindangerofdestroyingcreativity，innovation（創(chuàng)新）andexpression.Learninganinstrumentcanhelpdevelopsomanyfundamentallifeskills.Itpromotesdiscipline，empathy，determinationandcooperationaswellasprovidingasenseofcommunityandworth.Musichaschangedmylife.ItisahugepartofwhoIam.IhavelearnedsomuchabouttheworldthroughmusicandtheinspiringfiguresIhavemetthroughit.IfeelIhaveadutytohelpensurethatotherscanbenefitfromitsmagic.Letusmakeitavailabletoeverysinglechild.36.【閱讀理解】Whydidtheauthorraisethequestiononmusiceducation?A.Thefundingformusiceducationhasbeencut.B.Thebandtheauthorjoinedinhasbrokenup.C.Theprojecttheauthorwasinnolongerexists.D.Thetuitionfeeformusictraininghasrisen.正確答案：A參考解析：文章第二段Thefundingforthecentrehasnowbeencut""Thefundingforthathasalsobeencutnow”表明，音樂教育的經(jīng)費(fèi)被削減了。故選A。37.【閱讀理解】Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheroleofmusic?A.Itisimportantfordealingwithsocialcrises.B.Itmayofferchildrenfuturejobopportunities.C.Itisfundamentaltothegrowthofachild.D.Itcanhelpchildrenlearncoresubjects.正確答案：C參考解析：文章第三段提到，音樂不是附加的，不是“軟”科目，也不是奢侈品——它絕對是我們生存的必需品，每個(gè)孩子都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)體驗(yàn)它的好處。由此可以推斷出，音樂對孩子成長是至關(guān)重要的。故選C。38.【閱讀理解】Whatisthethemeofthepassage?A.Musiceducationshouldbeavailabletoeverychild.B.Musictrainingprogramsshouldbeprovidedfree.C.Musicshouldbeplacedatthetopofthecurriculum.D.Musicshouldbemadepopularacrossthecountry.正確答案：A參考解析：文章第一段提到音樂是我們社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，它是人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)的核心。第二段提到如今對孩子的音樂教育的經(jīng)費(fèi)被削減了。第三段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)音樂是我們生存的必需品，每個(gè)孩子都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)體驗(yàn)它的好處，剝奪孩子們發(fā)展音樂技能的機(jī)會(huì)，就等于讓我們自己陷入困境。最后一段作者通過自己的經(jīng)歷強(qiáng)調(diào)音樂對人成長的重要性。所以文章的主旨是每一個(gè)孩子都應(yīng)該接受音樂教育。故選A。39.【閱讀理解】Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsmusic?A.Positive.B.Critical.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.正確答案：A參考解析：縱觀全文，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了音樂的重要性，認(rèn)為音樂可以帶來歡樂、共情和希望，能增強(qiáng)紀(jì)律、同情心，決心和合作，并提供一種社區(qū)感和價(jià)值感。因此，作者對于音樂懷有積極的態(tài)度。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答40-43題In2011，adogownernamedRobertuploadedavideotitled"Guilty!”toYouTube.Hehadcomehomefindinghistwodogsnearanemptybagofcattreats.Thefirstdogbehavedcalmly.Buttheseconddog，Denver，satshakinginacorner，hereyeslookingdown，whichmadeRobertbelieveitwasshewhohaddoneit.Seeingher"apparentadmissionofguilt，"heyelledather，“Youdidthis!”Denverbeathertailnervously.“Youknowtheroutine.Inthekennel（狗窩）!”Followingthecommand，thedogshutherselfin.Thevideoquicklygatheredafloodofcomments.Sincethen，“dogshaming"hasbecomepopularontheinternet，asownersaroundtheworldpostedbesidenotesshotsoftheirtremblingpetsinwhichthedogsseemedtoadmitbadbehavior.Forinstance，"Iateanextralargepizza，"admitsachocolateLab.Humanenthusiasmforguiltydogsseemedgrowing.ButaccordingtoaresearcheratBarnardCollege，whatweconsidertobeadog'sguiltylookisnosignofguiltatall.Ina2009study，theresearcherhadownersforbidtheirdogsfromeatinganattractivetreat，andthenaskedtheownerstoleavetheroom.Whileeachownerwasgone，theresearchereitherremovedthetreatorfedittothedog.Whentheownersreturned，theyweretold—regardlessofthetruth—thattheirdogseitherhadorhadnoteatenit.Ifownersthoughttheirdogshaddonesomethingwrong，blamesfollowed，andguiltylooksquicklyemerged.Yetdogswhohadn'teatenthetreatweremorelikelytoappearguiltythandogswhohad—solongastheirownersscoldedthem.Farfromsignalingregret，onegroupofresearcherswroteina2012paper，theguiltylookofdogsisverylikelyameanstoshowobedience（順從）totheirowners.40.【閱讀理解】WhatdidRobertwanttoshowwithhisvideoonYouTube?A.Dogs’conflictwithotherpets.B.Dogs’naughtybehaviors.C.Dogs’trustintheirowners.D.Dogs'apparentguiltylooks.正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)文章第一段中的“avideotitled*Guilty!’""seeingher'apparentadmissionofguilt’"可知l，Robert想在YouTube上用他的視頻展示狗內(nèi)疚的表情。41.【閱讀理解】HowdidpeoplereacttoRobert'svideo?A.Theystartedtosharedog-shamingphotos.B.Theybegantoblametheirowndogs.C.Theybegantoreadstoriesaboutdogs.D.Theystartedtoshowsympathyforhisdog.正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)文章第二段“‘dogshaming’hasbecomepopularontheinternet，asownersaroundtheworldpostedbesidenotesshotsoftheirtremblingpetsinwhichthedogsseemedtoadmitbadbehavior"可知，人們看到Robert的視頻后，開始在網(wǎng)上分享狗內(nèi)疚的表情的圖片。故選A。42.【閱讀理解】Whatdoes“achocolateLab"inParagraph2referto?A.Ascientist.B.Adog.C.Aresearcher.D.Acat.正確答案：B參考解析：文章第二段提到，人們看到Robert的視頻后，開始在網(wǎng)上分享狗內(nèi)疚的表情的圖片，它們顫抖著承認(rèn)自己干了壞事。由此可以推斷，achocolateLab是一只狗。43.【閱讀理解】Whydodogswearaguiltylookaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Toattracttheirowners’attention.B.Todeceivetheirowners.C.Tobegtheirownersfortreats.D.Toshowobediencetotheirowners.正確答案：D參考解析：文章最后一段最后一句提到，狗做出內(nèi)疚的表情很可能是向主人表示服從的一種方式。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答44-47題Intheracetothemoon，whocameinfirst?YoumightsaytheanswerisNeilArmstrong，BuzzAldrin，andMichaelCollins，thecrewofApollo11.OryoucouldrepresentforthecrewofApollo10，whichreachedthemooninMay1969andthenheadedbacktoEarthwithoutlanding.Butthereisamuchstrangeranswertothisquestion，dependingonhowmuchyoucareabouthumansandwhatyourdefinition（定義）ofreachingthemoonmightbe.Beforeanypeoplearrivedatthemoon，otheranimalshadgottherefirst.AndunlikethedogsandmonkeysthatweremadefamousinearlyspaceshotsandEarthorbits，thefirstcreaturestoreachthemoonwereapairoftortoises，Discovery'sAmyShiraTeitelremindedus.TheSovietspacecraft（航天器）senttheanimalsaroundthemoon—althoughnotintoitsorbit—duringamissioninthemiddleofSeptember，1968.Theunmanned（無人駕駛的）craftthenreturnedtoEarthanddashedintotheIndianOcean，afterwhichtheRussiansrecoveredthecraft.Amonthlater，Sovietscientistsrevealedthatthespacecrafthadbeenatinyship，carryingthetortoises，wineflies，mealworms，plants，seeds，bacteria，andotherlivingmatter.Thetortoises，ashistoryrecords，lostabout10percentoftheirbodyweight，buthadahealthyappetitewhentheyreturnedtoEarth.Inthefollowingcheckupscomparingtheanimalstostay-at-hometurtlesusedasatestcontrol，"mostthingsseemednormal，asidefromsomevaguelyexplainedminorproblemswiththeliver.Whatthisallmeansisthat，asTeitelexplained，"ThefirstlivingbeingstoseeanEarthrisefromtheMoonwereRussiantortoises.However，asfarasIcantell，theanimalswerenotnamed.”44.【閱讀理解】Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingreachedthemoonfirst?A.Apairoftortoises.B.Americanastronauts.C.Russianastronauts.D.Dogsandmonkeys.正確答案：A參考解析：文章第三段最后一句提到，最先到達(dá)月球的是一對烏龜。故選A。45.【閱讀理解】WhathappenedtotheSovietspacecraft?A.Itwaswreckedduringthemission.B.ItwasrecoveredafteritsreturntoEarth.C.Itstayedinthemoon'sorbit.D.Itdisappearedintheouterspace.正確答案：B參考解析：文章第四段提到，1968年9月中旬的一次任務(wù)中，蘇聯(lián)的航天器將動(dòng)物送入月球周圍——雖然沒有進(jìn)入月球軌道。無人駕駛的飛船隨后返回地球，沖入印度洋，之后俄羅斯人回收了飛船。故選B。46.【閱讀理解】WhatwasthebiggestchangeinthetortoisesinParagraph6?A.Theyshowedabnormalbehaviors.B.Theyhadseriousliverproblems.C.Theylosttheirappetiteforfood.D.Theyhadobviouslylostweight.正確答案：D參考解析：文章第六段提到，據(jù)史料記載，這些烏龜?shù)捏w重下降了約10%，但回到地球后卻有健康的食欲。在接下來的檢查中，將這些動(dòng)物與“作為試驗(yàn)對照的留守龜”進(jìn)行比較，除了一些解釋不清的肝臟小問題外，大多數(shù)事情似乎都很正常。故選D。47.【閱讀理解】WhatdoTeitel'swordsinthelastparagraphimply?A.ThetortoiseswerefondofseeingEarthrise.B.Thetortoiseswerenotgivenduecreditfortheirexperience.C.ThetortoiseswerenotnamedaftertheSovietspacecraft.D.Thetortoiseswerefamousallovertheworld.正確答案：B參考解析：文章最后一段提到，第一個(gè)從月球上看到地球升起的生物是俄羅斯烏龜。然而，據(jù)Teitel所知，這些動(dòng)物并沒有被命名。由此可知，這些烏龜并沒有因?yàn)樗鼈兊慕?jīng)歷而得到應(yīng)有的榮譽(yù)。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答48-51題Veganstrytolive，asmuchaspossible，inawaythatavoidsexploitingandbeingcrueltoanimals.Thismeansfollowingaplant-baseddiet.Vegansdonoteatanimalsoranimal-basedproductslikemeat，fish，seafood，eggs，honeyanddairyproductssuchascheese.Formanyvegans，livingacommittedveganlifestylemeansnotwearingclothesmadefromanimalskinsandavoidinganyproductswhichhavebeentestedonanimals.Vegansarguethatsufferingiscausedintheproductionofthesefoods.Forexample，theysaythat，onsomedairyfarms，malecalves（小牛）arekilledbecausetheyaretooexpensivetokeep，andcowsarekilledwhentheygetolderandproducelessmilk.Asforhoney，veganssaythatbeesmakehoneyforbee，notforhumans，andthatbees’healthcansufferwhenhumanstakethehoneyfromthem.Vegansbelievethattheproductstheyuseandconsumeshouldbefreefromnotjustcrueltybutanyexploitationofanimals.Themainreasonforgoingveganisprobablythattheybelieveanimalsandallothersentient（有感知能力的）beingsshouldhavetherighttolifeandfreedom.However，thereareotherreasons.Vegansarguethattheproductionofmeatandotheranimalproductsisverybadfortheenvironment.Theypointoutthatahugequantityofwaterisneededtogrowgraintofeedanimalsinthemeatindustry.Theenormousamountofgrainwhichthemeatindustryneedsoftenleadstoforestsbeingcutdownandhabitats（棲息地）beinglost.Incontrast，muchlowerquantitiesofgrainandwaterareneededtosustainavegandiet.Inaddition，manyveganssaythatallthenutritiouselementsourbodiesneedarecontainedinacarefullyplannedvegandietandthatthistypeofdiethelpspreventsomediseases.48.【閱讀理解】Whatisaveganinthispassage?A.Apersonwholikestogrowvegetables.B.Apersonwhoisfondofeatingmeat.C.Apersonwhokeepsaplant-baseddiet.D.Apersonwhostaysawayfromanimals.正確答案：C參考解析：文章第一段第一、二句提到，素食主義者盡量避免以剝削和虐待動(dòng)物的方式生活，這意味著他們吃的是以植物為基礎(chǔ)的食物。故選C。49.【閱讀理解】Whichofthefollowingcouldbefoundinavegan'sdiet?A.Eggs.B.Honey.C.Milk.D.Potatoes.正確答案：D參考解析：文章第一段第三句提到，素食主義者不吃動(dòng)物或以動(dòng)物為基礎(chǔ)的產(chǎn)品，如肉、魚、海鮮、雞蛋、蜂蜜和乳制品（如奶酪）。故選D。50.【閱讀理解】Whatbeliefdoveganshold?A.Animalscanhelpimprovetheenvironment.B.Animalshavetherighttolifeandfreedom.C.Animalproductsleadtotheriseofgrainoutput.D.Animalproductsarefarmorenutritious.正確答案：B參考解析：文章第三段第一句提到，素食主義者認(rèn)為動(dòng)物和所有其他有感知能力的生物應(yīng)該有生命和自由的權(quán)利。故選B。51.【閱讀理解】Whatdoestheauthorwanttoimplyinthispassage?A.Goingveganconsumesmorewaterandgrain.B.Goingveganenablespeopletoliveahealthierlife.C.Goingveganhelpstodevelopmeatindustry.D.Goingveganhasbeenalifestyleforthemajorities.正確答案：B參考解析：文章第一段描述了素食主義者的生活方式，第二、三段講成為素食主義者的原因，并且第三段最后一句提到，我們身體所需的所有營養(yǎng)元素都包含在精心規(guī)劃的素食中，這種飲食方式有助于預(yù)防一些疾病。所以成為素食主義者可以讓人們更健康地生活。故選B。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答52-55題TherearemanyinterestingnewsitemsinBP’s（英國石油公司）annualEnergyOutlookjustpublished.Butperhapsthemostastonishingsuggestioninthereportistheideathatcuttingbackonplasticusecouldmakemattersworse.ThismightbewhatyouwouldexpectBPtosay.Afterall，asoneoftheworld'sbiggestoilcompanies，itmakesalotofmoneyfromsellingproductsinplastic.Butlet'slookatthethinkingbehindBP'sargument.Ifthecurrentopposingideaabouttheuseofplasticcontinues，therecouldbeaworldwidebanonsingle-useplasticsby2040.Butthedocumentarguesthatswitchingplasticforothermaterialswillhaveabiggercostintermsofenergyandcarbonemissions（排放）.Thatsoundslikethelawofunintended（非故意的）consequencesinaction.Whenplasticbagsaremeasuredagainstpaperorcottonsubstitutes，aBBCanalysisfoundtherewasn'tagreatdealofdifferenceintheirenvironmentalimpact.Paperbagsrequirefewerreusestomakethemmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythansingle-useplasticbags，whichmeanscustomershavetoreplacepaperbagsmorefrequently.Environmentalists，though，arenotentirelyconvinced.TheythinkthatBPisstressingtheproblemofbanningplasticforitsowninterest.“Whileit'struethatittakeslessenergytoproduceandtransportplasticthanglass，aglassbottlecanbereuseddozensoftimesandisrecyclable.Plus，materialslikeglasswhentheyescapecollectiondon'tgoonpollutingouroceansandriversforhundredsofyears，"saidLouiseEdge，fromGreenpeaceUK.Stepstoencouragerecyclingarebeingtaken.TheUK，forexample，willintroduceanewtaxonthemanufactureandimportofplasticpackagingin2022.Therearealsolotsofdevelopmentstakingplacewithalternativematerials.T