第三章滾動(dòng)軸承軸箱裝置RollingBearingAxle

第三章滾動(dòng)軸承軸箱裝置RollingBearingAxleBoxDevice-----滾動(dòng)軸承概述OverviewofRollingBearings主講教師：牛晨旭Speaker:NiuChenxu滾動(dòng)軸承代號(hào)RollingBearingDesignator01鐵道車輛滾動(dòng)軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和種類Structuralcharacteristicsandtypesofrollingbearingsforrailwayvehicles02滾動(dòng)軸承的選型Selectionofrollingbearings03滾動(dòng)軸承工作原理及特點(diǎn)Principleofoperationandcharacteristicsofrollingbearings04貨車轉(zhuǎn)向架軸箱FreightBogieBoxes客車轉(zhuǎn)向架軸箱

Bogieboxesforpassengercars軸箱油潤(rùn)裝置Axleboxoillubricationdevice傳遞車輛的垂直、水平載荷給輪對(duì)保持軸承的正常潤(rùn)滑，減少摩擦限制輪對(duì)過(guò)大的橫向移動(dòng)防止水、灰塵等異物侵入延誤行車軸頸激烈磨損，嚴(yán)重事故全部客車和絕大部分貨車采用：

滾動(dòng)軸承軸箱油潤(rùn)裝置UsedinallpassengercarsandthevastmajorityofFreights:RollingBearingAxleBoxDevice01滾動(dòng)軸承工作原理及特點(diǎn)Principleofoperationandcharacteristicsofrollingbearings初識(shí)軸承-組成Beginner'sBearing-Composition內(nèi)圈：隨軸一起轉(zhuǎn)Innerring:rotateswiththeshaft外圈：支承Outerring:support滾動(dòng)體：自轉(zhuǎn)、公轉(zhuǎn)Rollingelements:rotation,revolution保持架：維持各滾動(dòng)體的位置Cage:maintainsthepositionofeachrollingbody外圈Innerring內(nèi)圈Outerring保持架Cage滾動(dòng)體Rollingelements內(nèi)徑d內(nèi)徑表面外徑表面外徑D寬度B初識(shí)軸承-尺寸Beginner'sBearing-Dimensions初識(shí)軸承-受力分析Beginner'sBearing-ForceAnalysis尼龍nylon鋼材steels黃銅brass初識(shí)軸承-保持架材料Beginner'sknowledgeofbearings-cagematerials防止與滾動(dòng)元件的直接接觸，使摩擦和熱量生成降到最低Preventingdirectcontactwiththerollingelement,minimizingfrictionandheatgeneration引導(dǎo)滾動(dòng)體Guidingtherollingelement提供潤(rùn)滑空間Providespaceforlubrication在安裝或卸裝可分離設(shè)計(jì)的軸承時(shí)，固定滾動(dòng)元件Fixingtherollingelementwheninstallingorremovingbearingsofseparabledesign.初識(shí)軸承-保持架功能Beginner'sknowledgeofbearings-cagefunction滾動(dòng)軸承工作原理PrincipleofRollingBearings滾動(dòng)摩擦：運(yùn)動(dòng)物體與支承物之間的接觸點(diǎn)是在不斷地變化的摩擦。Rollingfriction:frictioninwhichthepointofcontactbetweenamovingobjectandasupportisconstantlychanging.1、借助于內(nèi)、外圈之間的滾動(dòng)體滾動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)傳力和滾動(dòng)；1,withthehelpoftherollingbodybetweentheinnerandouterringrollingtoachieveforcetransmissionandrolling;2、內(nèi)圈緊配合于軸頸上，當(dāng)車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)隨軸頸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；2.Theinnerringfitstightlyonthejournalandrotateswiththejournalwhenthewheelrotates;3、外圈裝配在軸箱內(nèi)，與軸箱之間允許有少量轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，起支承作用；3、Theouterringisassembledintheshaftbox,asmallamountofrotationisallowedbetweenitandtheshaftboxtoplayasupportingrole;4、有徑向游隙和軸向游隙，以保證滾動(dòng)體能自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。4,thereareradialclearanceandaxialclearancetoensurethattherollingbodycanrotatefreely.5、保持架用以維持各滾動(dòng)體之間的位置，防止歪斜和相互碰撞，保證

滾動(dòng)體能沿滾道均勻分布5、Cageisusedtomaintainthepositionbetweentherollingbodies,topreventskewingandmutualcollision,toensurethattherollingbodiescanbeevenlydistributedalongtheraceway.Rollingbodycanbeevenlydistributedalongtheraceway1、啟動(dòng)和運(yùn)行阻力較小，機(jī)車牽引噸數(shù)增加。因滾動(dòng)摩擦系數(shù)遠(yuǎn)小于滑

動(dòng)摩擦系數(shù)，提高列車牽引質(zhì)量和運(yùn)行速度。1,startandrunlessresistance,locomotivetractiontonnageincreased.Becausetherollingfrictioncoefficientismuchsmallerthantheslidingcoefficientofrollingfrictionismuchsmallerthanthecoefficientofslidingfriction,whichimprovesthetractionqualityandrunningspeedofthetrain.2、產(chǎn)生熱量少、適于高速度、長(zhǎng)距離行駛，且很少發(fā)生熱軸事故。2,produceslessheat,suitableforhighspeed,longdistancedriving,andrarelyoccurhotshaftaccident.3、節(jié)省大量潤(rùn)滑油、油卷和白合金以及此項(xiàng)工作的勞動(dòng)力。3.Savealotoflubricatingoil,oilrollsandwhitealloyaswellaslaborforthiswork.4、檢修周期延長(zhǎng)，維修費(fèi)用減少。4.Longeroverhaulcyclesandreducedmaintenancecosts.5、軸頸不磨耗，車軸使用壽命延長(zhǎng)。5、Noabrasionofaxlejournals,andlongerservicelifeofaxles.滾動(dòng)軸承的特點(diǎn)-與滑動(dòng)軸承相比Characteristicsofrollingbearings-comparedtoplainbearings02滾動(dòng)軸承代號(hào)RollingBearingDesignator滾動(dòng)軸承的種類及型號(hào)繁多，為了便于選擇和使用，采用代號(hào)來(lái)表示軸承的各種規(guī)格及特殊要求。有兩種代號(hào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：Rollingbearingtypesandmodelsarenumerous,inordertofacilitatetheselectionanduse,thecodeisusedtoindicatethevariousspecificationsandspecialrequirementsofthebearing.Therearetwokindsofdesignationstandards:一.老標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T273--1988（42724QT-152724QT、42726QT-152726QT、197726T、SKF197726等）I.OldstandardGB/T273--1988(42724QT-152724QT,42726QT-152726QT,197726T,SKF197726,etc.)二.新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T272—1993（NJ3226X1、NJP3226X1、352226X2-2RZ等，新造軸承均采用新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）II.ThenewstandardGB/T272-1993(NJ3226X1,NJP3226X1,352226X2-2RZ,etc.,thenewmanufacturingbearingsareusingthenewstandard)若為普通軸承，只標(biāo)中段，前后段省略。Inthecaseofplainbearings,onlythecentersectionismarkedandthefrontandrearsectionsareomitted.前段（數(shù)字+字母）中段（7位數(shù)字）后段（字母+數(shù)字）基本型號(hào)：寬度+特點(diǎn)+類型+直徑+內(nèi)經(jīng)Basicmodel:Width+Features+Type+Diameter+Innerdiameter游隙系列和精度等級(jí)ClearanceSeriesandAccuracyClasses結(jié)構(gòu)改變和特殊技術(shù)要求Structuralchangesandspecialtechnicalrequirements一.GB/T273--1988標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表示法（老標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）I.GB/T273-1988standardexpression(oldstandard)1.內(nèi)徑：右起1、2位，一般（內(nèi)徑20-495mm）此兩位*5=軸承內(nèi)徑尺寸1.Innerdiameter:1,2bitsfromtheright,generally(innerdiameter20-495mm)thetwo*5=bearinginnerdiametersize2.直徑系列：右起第3位，內(nèi)徑相同情況下，按外徑不同分為：超輕、特輕、輕、中、重等2.Diameterseries:thethirdfromtheright,thesameinnerdiameter,accordingtothedifferentouterdiameterisdividedinto:ultra-light,extra-light,light,medium,heavyandsoon.3.寬度系列：右起第7位，同一內(nèi)徑寬度不同:特窄、窄、正常、寬、特寬等3.Widthseries:7thfromtheright,differentwidthsofthesameinnerdiameter:extranarrow,narrow,normal,wide,extrawide,etc.4.軸承類型Bearingtype：圓柱滾子軸承承受徑向載荷的能力較大，承受軸向載荷稍差，軸向負(fù)荷主要靠?jī)蓚€(gè)擋邊承受，滾子端面與擋邊之間是滑動(dòng)摩擦。Cylindricalrollerbearingsbearradialloadcapacityislarger,bearaxialloadisslightlyworse,axialloadismainlybytworetainingedgetobear,rollerendfaceandretainingedgeisslidingfrictionbetween.圓錐滾子軸承既能承受徑向力，又能承受軸向力，軸向負(fù)荷主要是由滾道承受，而滾子與滾道的接觸面之間主要是滾動(dòng)摩擦。Taperedrollerbearingscanwithstandbothradialforce,butalsocanwithstandaxialforce,axialloadismainlybornebytheraceway,andtherollerandtheracewaybetweenthecontactsurfaceismainlyrollingfriction.5.結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：軸承代號(hào)中右起第五、六位表示軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。5.Structuralcharacteristics:bearingcodeinthefifthandsixthfromtherightindicatesthestructuralcharacteristicsofthebearing.6.滾動(dòng)軸承的游隙：徑向游隙和軸向游隙6.Rollingbearingclearance:radialclearanceandaxialclearance徑向游隙：內(nèi)外圈滾道與滾子之間的間隙。軸承自由狀態(tài)下，當(dāng)外圈不動(dòng)，內(nèi)圈和滾子轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，每轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)120°測(cè)量一次徑向間隙，共測(cè)量三次的數(shù)據(jù)的平均值。Radialclearance:theclearancebetweentheinnerandouterringracewaysandtherollers.Bearingfreestate,whentheouterringdoesnotmove,theinnerringandrollerrotation,every120°rotationmeasurementofradialclearance,atotalofthreemeasurementsoftheaveragevalueofthedata.軸向游隙：內(nèi)外圈沿其軸向的相互位移量。作用：避免滾子端部與內(nèi)外圈擋邊的經(jīng)常摩擦，保證軸承在轉(zhuǎn)向架傾斜或輪對(duì)蛇行運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)正常工作，防止車輛通過(guò)彎道時(shí)滾子被卡住。Axialclearance:theinnerandouterringalongitsaxialdisplacementofeachother.Role:toavoidtherollerendandinnerandouterringedgeofthefrequentfriction,toensurethatthebearinginthebogietiltorwheelsetserpentineoperationwhenthenormalwork,topreventthevehiclethroughthecurvewhentherollerisstuck.7.滾動(dòng)軸承的精度：基本尺寸精度和旋轉(zhuǎn)精度7.Accuracyofrollingbearings:basicdimensionalaccuracyandrotationalaccuracy

GEDC普高精密超精鐵道軸承用G不標(biāo)Plain,highprecision,ultra-precision,Gnon-standardforrailroadbearings8.補(bǔ)充代號(hào)：軸承若有結(jié)構(gòu)改變和特殊要求，在型號(hào)右邊加注普通代號(hào)。8.Supplementarycode:Iftherearestructuralchangesandspecialrequirementsforbearings,addthecommoncodetotherightofthemodelnumber.我國(guó)客車常用軸箱軸承，每軸箱內(nèi)一對(duì)軸承，代號(hào)為：152726QT-42726QT,表示方法及含義如下China'sbuscommonlyusedaxleboxbearings,apairofbearingsineachaxlebox,code:152726QT-42726QT,therepresentationandmeaningasfollows以上兩種軸承均為普通G級(jí)，所以前段均省去不寫。BothoftheabovebearingsareoftheordinaryGgrade,soalltheprecedingparagraphsareomittedandnotwritten.我國(guó)貨車無(wú)軸箱滾動(dòng)軸承，如：D型車軸用的197726和SKF197726,表示方法及含義如下FreighttrucksinChinawithoutaxleboxrollingbearings,suchas:D-typeaxlewith197726andSKF197726,saidthemethodandmeaningasfollows二.GB/T272—1993標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表示法GB/T272-1993standardexpression前置代號(hào)基本代號(hào)后置代號(hào)表示軸承的基本類型、結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸Indicatesthebasictypes,constructionanddimensionsofbearings表示軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)形狀特點(diǎn)Indicatesthestructuralshapecharacteristicsofthebearing表示軸承尺寸、公差、材料、技術(shù)要求有改變Indicatesachangeinbearingdimensions,tolerances,materials,andtechnicalrequirements.類型代號(hào)基本代號(hào)-軸承代號(hào)的基礎(chǔ)Basicdesignation-thebasisofbearingdesignation內(nèi)徑代號(hào)直徑、寬度、高度Diameter,width,height用數(shù)字或字母表示numericaloralphabeticalrepresentation表示軸承公稱內(nèi)徑Indicatesthenominalinnerdiameterofthebearing尺寸系列代號(hào)1.類型代號(hào)Typecode：2.尺寸系類代號(hào)SizeSeriesDesignator：3.內(nèi)徑代號(hào)I.D.Code：4.基本代號(hào)編制規(guī)則：軸承類型代號(hào)用字母表示，與軸承尺寸的系列代號(hào)、內(nèi)徑代號(hào)等數(shù)字之間留半個(gè)漢字距離。4.Basicdesignationpreparationrules:bearingtypedesignationwithletters,andbearingsizeoftheseriescode,diametercodeandotherfiguresleavehalfaChinesecharacterdistancebetween.5.常用的軸承類型、尺寸系列代號(hào)、軸承代號(hào)：5.Commonlyusedbearingtypes,sizeseriescode,bearingcode:前置代號(hào)和后置代號(hào)省略！Theforwardandbackwarddesignatorsareomitted!現(xiàn)以我國(guó)客車用新型軸承為例說(shuō)明其表示方法，軸箱內(nèi)一對(duì)軸承，代號(hào)為NJP3226X1-NJ3226X1,其表示方法及含義：Nowinourcountrypassengercarwithanewtypeofbearingsasanexampleofitsmethodofexpression,apairofbearingsintheaxlebox,codeNJP3226X1-NJ3226X1,itsmethodofexpressionandmeaning:03鐵道車輛滾動(dòng)軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和種類RollingbearingsforrailroadcarsStructuralcharacteristicsandtypes鐵道車輛滾動(dòng)軸承均配置在簧下，除承受車輛載荷外，還直接承受輪軌間發(fā)生的振動(dòng)、沖擊，其可靠性直接關(guān)系行車安全。Railwayvehiclerollingbearingsareconfiguredinthespring,inadditiontobearthevehicleload,butalsodirectlywithstandthevibrationandimpactbetweenthewheelandrail,anditsreliabilityisdirectlyrelatedtothesafetyoftraffic.客車用圓柱滾子軸承有軸箱、貨車用圓錐滾子軸承無(wú)軸箱Cylindricalrollerbearingsforpassengercarshaveaxleboxes,taperedrollerbearingsforFreightcarshavenoaxleboxes.（一）客車用圓柱滾子軸承Cylindricalrollerbearingsforpassengercars我國(guó)鐵路客車上應(yīng)用的滾動(dòng)軸承均為單列向心短圓柱滾子軸承,主要有42724QT-152724QT，42726QT-152726QT（原主型軸承，2001.1.1停止生產(chǎn)，庫(kù)存用完為止），NJ3226X1-NJP3226X1（與42726QT-152726QT外形尺寸相同）。China'srailroadpassengercarsontheapplicationofrollingbearingsaresingle-rowcentripetalshortcylindricalrollerbearings,mainly42724QT-152724QT,42726QT-152726QT(theoriginalmaintypeofbearings,2001.1.1tostoptheproductionofstockisexhausted),NJ3226X1-NJP3226X1(and42726QT-152726QT),NJ3226X1-NJP3226X1(withthesamesizeas42726QT-152726QT),NJ3226X1-NJP3226X1(withthesamesizeofthemaintypeofbearings).NJ3226X1-NJP3226X1(samesizeas42726QT-152726QT)此外，為適應(yīng)鐵路大提速及準(zhǔn)高速160km/h要求，還引進(jìn)瑞士SKF、日本NSK等軸承，尺寸與我國(guó)相同。Inaddition,inordertoadapttotherailroadspeedandquasihigh-speed160km/hrequirements,butalsotheintroductionofSwitzerlandSKF,JapanNSKandotherbearings,thesamesizeasourcountry.圓柱滾子軸承結(jié)構(gòu)：外圈（兩側(cè)帶擋邊）、滾動(dòng)體、保持架組合成一個(gè)組件，與內(nèi)圈（只有一側(cè)有固定單擋邊/活動(dòng)平擋圈）可以互相分離。Cylindricalrollerbearingsstructure:outerring(bothsideswithretainingedge),rollingelements,keepframecombinedintoacomponent,andtheinnerring(onlyonesidewithafixedsingleretainingedge/activityflatretainingring)canbeseparatedfromeachother.1.外圈outerring：外圈與軸箱筒體為間隙配合。材質(zhì)：GCr18M0軸承鋼，電渣重熔法制造，貝氏體等溫淬火方法進(jìn)行熱處理，表面硬度HRC58~62，兩側(cè)帶固定擋邊。NJ3226X1、NJP3226X1的外圈可以互換。Outerringandshaftboxbarrelareclearancefit.Material:GCr18M0bearingsteel,manufacturedbyelectroslagremeltingmethod,heat-treatedbybainiteisothermalquenchingmethod,surfacehardnessHRC58~62,withfixedretainingedgesonbothsides.TheouterringsofNJ3226X1andNJP3226X1areinterchangeable.外圈標(biāo)志打在外圈外端面（間隔120度機(jī)械打印）：NJ3226X1、制造廠代號(hào)、制造年月（年份后兩位）。Theouterringmarkingistypedontheouterfaceoftheouterring(mechanicallyprintedatintervalsof120degrees):NJ3226X1,themanufacturer'scode,andtheyearandmonthofmanufacture(thelasttwodigitsoftheyear).2.內(nèi)圈innerring：與軸頸過(guò)盈配合。材質(zhì)：GCr18Mo軸承鋼。Overfittingwithshaftjournal.Material:GCr18Mobearingsteel.NJ3226X1有固定單擋邊NJ3226X1withfixedsinglestopedgeNJP3226X1沒(méi)有固定單擋邊，設(shè)活動(dòng)平擋圈。NJP3226X1doesnothaveafixedsingleretainingedgeandhasamovableflatretainingring.按內(nèi)徑大小分為三個(gè)級(jí)別表3-12ClassifiedintothreelevelsaccordingtothesizeoftheinnerdiameterTable3-123.滾子trackroller：圓柱體，GCr15軸承鋼，每套軸承14個(gè)滾子，同一組滾子直徑變動(dòng)量≤0.002mm，長(zhǎng)度變動(dòng)量≤0.010mm。Cylinder,GCr15bearingsteel,14rollerspersetofbearings,diametervariationofthesamesetofrollers≤0.002mm,lengthvariation≤0.010mm.注：1）滾子的滾動(dòng)表面承受全部徑向負(fù)荷（處軸徑水平中心線上側(cè)時(shí)受力，下側(cè)時(shí)不受力。(1)Therollingsurfaceoftherollerissubjectedtoallradialloads(forceisappliedtotheuppersideofthehorizontalcenterlineoftheshaftdiameter,andnoforceisappliedtothelowerside.4.保持架cage：整體拉孔，一體式。Integralpullhole,onepiece.耐磨性可靠性好。保持滾子沿滾道均勻分布，不發(fā)生偏斜，合理分布載荷。Goodwearresistancereliability.Keeptherollersuniformlydistributedalongtheracewaywithoutskewing,andreasonablydistributetheload.滾子從保持架兜孔外側(cè)放入保持架正常位置后再向內(nèi)移動(dòng)一段距離，但不能從兜孔內(nèi)側(cè)脫出，使?jié)L子裝入后整體外圓直徑小于外圈擋邊內(nèi)徑。然后套上外圈，再裝進(jìn)內(nèi)圈，使軸承成為一個(gè)整體。Rollerfromthecagepocketholeoutsideintothecagenormalpositionandthenmoveinwardforadistance,butcannotbedisengagedfromthepocketholeinside,sothattherollerisloadedintotheoveralldiameteroftheoutercircleislessthantheouterringretainingedgeoftheinnerdiameter.Thenputontheouterring,andthenloadedintotheinnerring,sothatthebearingbecomesawhole.注：軸承的軸向負(fù)荷：通過(guò)內(nèi)外圈擋邊和滾子端面承受。Note:Theaxialloadofthebearing:throughtheinnerandouterringretainingedgeandrollerendfacetobear.（二）貨車密封式雙列圓錐滾子軸承FreightSealedDoubleRowTaperedRollerBearings我國(guó)鐵路貨車上的滾動(dòng)軸承，主要采用無(wú)軸箱密封式雙列圓錐滾子軸承。無(wú)軸箱密封式雙列圓錐滾子軸承具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、重量輕、裝卸方便、無(wú)維修化設(shè)計(jì)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，得到廣泛采用。TherollingbearingsonourrailroadFreightmainlyadoptshaftlessboxsealeddoublerowtaperedrollerbearings.Shaftlessboxsealeddoublerowtaperedrollerbearingshavetheadvantagesofcompactstructure,lightweight,easyloadingandunloading,nomaintenancedesign,etc.,andhavebeenwidelyused.1.197730型滾動(dòng)軸承Rollingbearingstype197730組成formation：外圈1個(gè)、1outerring,內(nèi)圈2個(gè)、2fortheinnerring,滾子、Roller,保持架、Cage,中隔圈1個(gè)、1fortheseptumring,密封裝置（密封罩、油封、密封座）前后各1套。1seteachofsealingdevice(sealingcover,oilseal,sealingseat)frontandrear.（1）外圈outerring：內(nèi)圓面——滾道Insideroundsurface-raceway兩端設(shè)牙口、油溝——嵌入密封罩，防脫落。Teethandoilgroovesatbothends-embeddedsealingcovertopreventdislodgement.（2）內(nèi)圈innerring：2個(gè)，雙擋邊結(jié)構(gòu)。2pcs,doubleblockededgeconstruction.小端相對(duì)安裝。Thesmallendsaremountedrelativetoeachother.外圓面——斜滾道Outsideroundsurface-inclinedraceway內(nèi)圓面——軸頸過(guò)盈配合，兩端設(shè)倒角，防拉傷軸頸Internalroundsurface-journalinterferencefit,chamferedatbothendstopreventstrainonthejournal注：內(nèi)外圈都由滲碳鋼制成，提高表面耐磨性，使內(nèi)部保持較高韌性，提高抗壓強(qiáng)度和沖擊韌性。Note:Bothinnerandouterringsaremadeofcarburizedsteeltoimprovesurfaceabrasionresistance,keephightoughnessinside,andimprovecompressivestrengthandimpacttoughness.（3）滾子trackroller：GCr15，圓錐體GCr15,cone磷化處理，防銹蝕，提高潤(rùn)滑性Phosphatetreatmenttopreventrustandcorrosionandimprovelubricity兩端均帶弧坡——使?jié)L子表面接觸應(yīng)力分布均勻，避免應(yīng)力集中。Bothendswithcurvedslopes-sothattherollersurfacecontactstressdistributionisuniform,toavoidstressconcentration.（4）保持架cage：10號(hào)低碳鋼沖壓而成，它將滾子和內(nèi)圈組合在一起，表面磷化處理StampedfromNo.10lowcarbonsteel,itcombinestherollerandinnerring,surfacephosphatingtreatment（5）中隔圈septum(anatomy)：45#，表面磷化處理，45#,surfacephosphatetreatment.隔離作用，選擇不同寬度中隔圈，調(diào)整軸承軸向間隙。Isolationeffect,choosedifferentwidthsofthespacerring,adjusttheaxialclearanceofthebearing.（6）密封裝置sealingdevice：防塵土雨雪侵入及內(nèi)部油脂流失。Protectsagainstdust,rainandsnowingressandinternalgreaseloss.密封罩、密封圈、密封座SealCover,SealRing,SealSeat1）密封罩sealingcover：A.δ2.2mm厚鋼板壓成臺(tái)階式，磷化處理，凸緣嵌入外圈牙口油溝內(nèi)。A.δ2.2mmthicksteelplatepressedintoasteppedform,phosphatized,withflangesembeddedintheoilgroovesoftheouterringteeth.B.大端外徑——（過(guò)盈）牙口油溝，防脫落。B.BigendO.D.-(overfilled)toothoilgroove,anti-detachment.C.另一端壓裝油封。C.Press-fitoilsealontheotherend.2）油封oilseal：A.鋼骨架：1.5mm厚鋼板壓型，提高油封的強(qiáng)度。A.SteelSkeleton:1.5mmthicksteelplateispressedtoimprovethestrengthoftheoilseal.B.橡膠密封圈：由耐油丁氰橡膠硫化在鋼骨架上，兩個(gè)唇口與密封座過(guò)盈。B.Rubbersealingring:madeofoil-resistantB氰rubbervulcanizedonasteelskeleton,withtwolipsoverfilledwiththesealingseat.主唇口——防油脂外泄Mainlipopening-preventsoilleakage副唇口——防雨水砂塵侵入Secondarylip-protectionagainstrainwatergritintrusionC.自緊彈簧：直徑0.5mm碳素鋼絲繞制成環(huán)形再對(duì)接成圓形，使油封主唇口與密封座有1.0~2.0過(guò)盈量，保證唇口有穩(wěn)定的密封性。C.Self-tighteningspring:0.5mmdiametercarbonsteelwirewoundintoaringandthendockedintoacircle,sothatthemainlipoftheoilsealandthesealingseathasa1.0~2.0interference,toensurethattheliphasastablesealing.2）油封oilseal：3）密封座SealSeat：GCr15，兩個(gè)圓階孔GCr15,tworoundstepholes小圓孔——與軸頸過(guò)盈Smallroundhole-interferencewithjournal大圓孔——4個(gè)油孔，供加油時(shí)油脂進(jìn)出、排氣之用。與軸頸表面的縫隙形成進(jìn)油與排氣通路Largeroundholes-4oilholesforgreaseinletandoutletduringrefueling.Thegapwiththejournalsurfaceformstheoilinletandexhaustpath.與內(nèi)圈接觸一端外徑加工成一段錐形——避免組裝時(shí)在插入油封過(guò)程中，使副唇口翻邊或磨損。Theouterdiameteroftheendincontactwiththeinnerringismachinedtoataperedsection-toavoidflangingorwearingthesecondarylipduringinsertionoftheoilsealduringassembly.密封座外圓面粗糙度較低，以減少與油封的阻力和磨損。Thesealseathasalowroughnessontheouterroundsurfacetominimizeresistanceandwearagainsttheoilseal.3.SKF197726型滾動(dòng)軸承SKF197726RollingBearings為適應(yīng)鐵路“高速、重載”的需求而生產(chǎn)的新型快速軸承，能滿足在靜態(tài)軸重21t，正常運(yùn)行速度為120km/h的運(yùn)行要求。主要使用在轉(zhuǎn)8G、轉(zhuǎn)K1、轉(zhuǎn)K2、轉(zhuǎn)K3等型號(hào)的提速、快速轉(zhuǎn)向架上。Inordertoadapttotherailroad"highspeed,heavyload"demandfortheproductionofanewtypeoffastbearings,canmeetthestaticaxleweightof21t,thenormaloperatingspeedof120km/hrunningrequirements.Mainlyusedinturn8G,turnK1,turnK2,turnK3andothertypesofspeed,fastbogies.與197726型相比，該軸承具有下列優(yōu)點(diǎn)：ThisbearingoffersthefollowingadvantagesovertheModel197726:1.

軸承壽命延長(zhǎng)，由原來(lái)的10年增至15年。1.Extensionofbearinglifefrom10to15years.2.提高了貨車質(zhì)量，增加了負(fù)荷量。2.ImprovedFreightqualityandincreasedloadcapacity.3.

操作順暢，經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠。3.Smoothandeconomicaloperation.4.軸承溫度降低，可提高速度。4.Lowerbearingtemperatureincreasesspeed.5.保持架耐磨損，耐振動(dòng)。5.Thecageiswear-resistantandvibration-resistant.3.SKF197726型滾動(dòng)軸承SKF197726RollingBearings組成：1.外圈outerring

:2.內(nèi)圈innerring:3.滾子:球基面Roller:Ballbase4.中隔圈septum(anatomy):5.塑鋼保持架PlasticCage:6.密封座SealSeat:7.密封罩組件

Sealcoverassembly:（1）塑鋼保持架PlasticCage：塑