推銷員之死主講

推銷員之死主講DeathofaSalesmanArthurMiller(1915-2005)ArthurMillerandMarilynMonroeMarriages1940CatholicgirlMarySlattery1956MarilynMonroedivorcesin19611964writesAftertheFallself-destructivemaincharacterbasedonMM1962IngeMorath(dies2002)ArthurMiller(1915-2005)anAmericanplaywrightandessayist.aprominentfigureinAmericantheatre,wrotedramasthatincludeaward-winningplayssuchasAllMySons,DeathofaSalesman,andTheCrucible.HisAchievementAmericanplaywrightwhocombinedinhisworkssocialawarenesswithdeepinsightsintopersonalweaknessesofhischaracters'.MillerisbestknownfortheplayDEATHOFASALESMAN(1949),orontheotherhand,forhismarriagetotheactressMarilynMonroe.Miller'splayscontinuedtherealistictraditionthatbeganintheUnitedStatesintheperiodbetweenthetwoworldwars.WithTennesseeWilliams,Millerwasoneofthebest-knownAmericanplaywrightsafterWWII.SeveralofhisworkswerefilmedHisplays1944.TheManWhoHadAlltheLuck--closedafter4performances1947.AllMySons,aboutairplanemanufacturer；openedattheCoronet(1/29)andranfor328performances--Miller'sfirstmajorsuccess.1949.DeathofASalesman,openedattheMorosco(2/10)for742performances.Hisplays1950.TheEnemyofthePeople,adaptedfromIbsen'splay,openedattheBroadhurst(12/28)for36performances.1953.TheCrucible.theSalemwitchtrials;Relatesto“theRedScare”;McCarthyism麥卡錫主義；OpenedattheMartinBeck(1/12)for197performances.1956.AViewFromtheBridge,one-actversionpairedwithanotheroneacter,AMemoryofTwoMondays.OpenedattheCoronet(9/29)for149performances.HiskeydramaticdevicesTheidealistwhopaystoomuchforhisinabilitytocompromise.TheGreatDepression.Thethemeofman'sresponsibilitytohisfellowman.TheGuiltofthesurvivor.Anordinaryman'stragedydoublingassymbolofalargersocietalflaw.APenchantforBigOperaticSpeeches.TheDeathofaSalesman(1949)DouglasHenshallasBiffandBrianDennehyasWillyLomanTheDeathofaSalesman(1949)WinsboththeTonyandthePulitzerOriginallytitledTheInsideofHisHeadThequestionofhowdoesourmindwork?“streamofconsciousness”Time—RealandRememberedAttimesmemoryandthepresentwillintertwineinWilly’sactionsMustreadstagedirectionsPresenttime—boundariesofthesetarerespectedPasttime—theboundariesdonotexistTragedyAristoteliandefinition—biggestpartsoftheplotsarethereversalsandrecognitionsReversal-changebywhichtheactionveersaroundtoitsoppositeRecognition—protagonistrealizeshis/herplaceinthetragedyArthurMilleronTragedy“Thecommonmanisasaptasubjectfortragedyinitshighestsenseaskingswere.”Tragedyspringsfromtheindividual’squestforaproperplaceintheworldandfromhisreadinessto“l(fā)aydownhislife,ifneedbe,tosecureonething—hissenseofpersonaldignity.”TheDeathofaSalesman(1949)TheplayattemptstoraiseacounterexletoAristotle'scharacterizationoftragedyasthedownfallofagreatman:thoughLomancertainlyhasHamartia,atragicflaworerror,hisdownfallisthatofanordinaryman.Inthissense,Miller'splayrepresentsademocratizationoftheancientformoftragedy;theplay'sprotagonistishimselfobsessedwiththequestionofgreatness,andhisdownfallarisesdirectlyfromhiscontinuedmisconceptionofhimself--atage63--assomeonecapableofgreatness,aswellastheunshakableconvictionthatgreatnessstemsdirectlyfrompersonalcharismaorpopularity.TheDeathofaSalesman(1949)--Style

TheplayismostlytoldfromWilly'spointofview,anditshowspreviouspartsofWilly'slifeinhistimeshifts,sometimesduringapresentdayscene.ItdoesthisbyhavingascenebegininthepresenttimeandaddingcharactersontothestagethatonlyWillycanseeandhear,representingcharactersandconversationsfromothertimesandplaces.Manydramatictechniquesarealsousedtorepresentthesetimeshifts.Forexle,leavesoftenappeararoundthecurrentsetting(representingtheleavesofthetwoelmtreeswhichweresituatednexttothehouse,priortothedevelopmentoftheapartmentblocks)TheDeathofaSalesman(1949)--StyleHoweversomeofthesetimeshifts/imaginingsoccurwhentherearepresentcharactersonstage,oneexleofthisisduringaconversationbetweenWillyandhisneighborCharley.Duringtheconversation,Willy'sbrotherBencomesonstageandbeginstalkingtoWillywhileCharleyspeakstoWilly.WhenWillybeginstalkingtohisbrother,theothercharactersdonotunderstandwhoheistalkingtoandsomeofthemevenbegintosuspectthathehas"lostit".TheDeathofaSalesman(1949)--StyleHowever,attimesitbreaksawayfromWilly'spointofviewandfocusesontheothercharacters,Linda,BiffandHappy.Duringthesepartsoftheplay,thetimeandplacestayconstantwithoutanyabruptflashbacksasusuallyhappenswhiletheplaytakesWilly'spointofview.Willydiesself-deceived.TheDeathofaSalesman(1949)--StyleTheplay'sstructureresemblesastreamofconsciousnessaccount:Willydriftsbetweenhislivingroom,downstage,totheapronandflashbacksofanidyllicpas