閱讀六選四-上海高考英語一模試題分類匯編（解析版）

專題07閱讀大選四

（一）

（2024年楊浦區(qū)區(qū)一模）

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.There511stillbetimeswhenoldthoughtscausesadness,oryou'reanxiousaboutwhafsnext.

B.Theusefulnessofnostalgiaseemstovarywithage.

C.Todaywehaveamuchmorepositiveattitudetonostalgia.

D.You511getfasteratfindingit,andaddextralayersofdetaileachtime.

E.Theanswerliesinconnectingwithyourpastandfutureselves.

F.Butthere'salsoagrowingbodyofresearchintotimetravel"theotherway”.

HowtoTravelinTime

Theterm“NOSTALGIA”（懷舊）usedtodescribeamentaldisease.The"algia“bitmeans"pain”,andtheword

wascoinedbya17th-centurydoctortreatinghomesicksoldiers,whosesymptomsincludedhallucinations（幻覺）

anddepression.（67）Andifsagreatexampleofthebenefitsofastrongmemory一

choosingtorecapturemomentsfromthepasttoenjoythemalloveragain.

Asevidence,arecentreporthighlightedtheincreaseinoldsongsbeingstreamedonSpotifyduringlockdown.

Itseemsthatwefoundstrengthinmusicalmemoriesofhappiertimes.（68）Because

memoryskillscantakeyouintothefuture,too-bringingawholenewsetofrewards.

Inanotherpandemicexperiment,peoplewroteletterstotheirfutureselves,andfoundthattheyimprovedtheir

moodbyimaginingthemselvessafelyontheothersideofCOVID-19.Herearemytipsforbecomingaconfident

timetravelleryourself:

*Toreawakenhappyfeelings,useallyoursenses-notjustsight.Smell,taste,touchandsoundwillalsohelp

youtorecreatethepastinrichclarity.Ifyoufindamemorythafsparticularlyhelpful-forreassurance,say一

keepusingit!（69）__________________________

*Whenyou'reprocrastinating（拖延）,visualiseanendresult.Flashforwardtoseethefloorsweptorthe

essayfinished,andusethatpositiveimagetospuryouintoaction.

*Aheadofmajorchallenges,imaginethefullimpactofsuccess.Don'tjustpictureyourselfgettingthatgreat

job:fillyourmindwiththereallybigwaysit'sgoingtochangeyourlife.

（70）Butthemoreyoulearntocontrolyourmemory,thebetteryou'llbeat

miningyourpast,andshapingyourfuture,tobeyourbestselfnow.

【答案】67-70CFDA

【導(dǎo)讀】文章大意：本文討論了懷舊的概念，指出以前懷舊被視為一種精神疾病，但現(xiàn)在人們對懷舊有了

更加積極的態(tài)度。文章還提到了關(guān)于懷舊的一些調(diào)查和實驗證據(jù)，并給出了一些建議，教人如何善于利用

自己的記憶來創(chuàng)造更美好的未來。

【解析】

67.C.今天我們對懷舊有了更加積極的態(tài)度。

這一句是對文章中關(guān)于懷舊的觀點的總結(jié)。在過去，懷舊被視為一種精神疾病，但現(xiàn)在人們對懷舊有了更

加積極的態(tài)度。這可以從文章中提到的人們在鎖定期間通過流媒體平臺播放舊歌曲來尋找力量的例子得到

證實。因此，C選項與文章的主題和語境相符。

68.F.但是也有越來越多的關(guān)于“逆向”時間旅行的研究。

這一句提到了關(guān)于“逆向”時間旅行的研究。這與文章中提到的研究人員通過寫信給未來自己來改善情緒的實

驗相關(guān)。這種實驗可以被視為一種“逆向”時間旅行，即通過想象未來的情景來影響當(dāng)前的情緒。因此，F(xiàn)選

項與文章的內(nèi)容和上下文相符。

69.D.你會越來越快地找到它，并且每次都會增加更多的細(xì)節(jié)層次。

這一句提供了關(guān)于利用記憶的建議。文章中提到，使用所有的感官（包括視覺、嗅覺、味覺、觸覺和聽覺）

可以幫助我們在腦海中重現(xiàn)過去的情景。如果我們找到一個特別有幫助的記憶，就應(yīng)該保持使用它。因此，

D選項與文章中關(guān)于利用記憶的建議相符。

70.A.仍然會有一些舊思緒帶來悲傷，或者你會對接下來會發(fā)生什么感到焦慮。

這一句提到了在利用記憶的過程中可能遇到的困難，即舊思緒引起的悲傷和對未來的焦慮。文章中也提到

了可能出現(xiàn)舊思緒帶來悲傷或焦慮的情況。因此，A選項與文章的內(nèi)容和語境相符。

（二）

（2024年黃浦區(qū)一模）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.DoIevenwantthem?Onwhoseclock?

B.Whyshouldyouchallengethatsecrettimelineofmilestonesinyourhead?

C.Thistime,quittingherjobledtoherfirstalbum,televisionappearancesandsold-outshows.

D.Insteadoffeelingpressuretohitlifeeventsonsomeoneelse'stimeline,maybeit'sfinetomakeourown.

E.Peoplearefeelinglikethey'refallingbehind,wheninfactthey'reprobablydoingexactlywhattheyshould.

F.Shespentyearsfeelinglikeanoutsiderandfailureasshewatchedherpeersriseinschoolandwork,

figuringshe'dnevercatchup.

DefiningSuccessonYourOwnTerms

“Yougotocollegerightoutofhighschool.Thafstherule,right?^^saysNikkiIvey,asalestrainerand

consultantoutsideJacksonville,Fla.However,ifsnotthecaseforher.Actually,shegotherundergraduatedegree

at28._67_

Onebyone,shemissedthemilestonesshe'denvisionedinsomeimaginarydreamlife:earningsixfiguresby

30,buyingahouseby35.Thenshehitone——attainingahigh-levelexecutivepositioninacompany.Shedidn'tlove

thejob.Shedidlovesittingaroundthedinnertablelaughingwithherkids."_68_''sheaskedherself.Sheended

upleavingthejob,andstartedtowonderaboutallthosemilestones.

DaniellePonderhadacareerasalawyerbeforededicatingherselftosingingfulltime.Workingasapublic

defenderinRochester,N.Y.,DaniellePonderwouldfrequentlyGoogle,t6Didanyonemakeitaftertheageof35?”

Atonepoint,shequitherdayjob,onlytoreturnayearandahalflater,duetothepandemicanddisappointing

bookings.Onthelastdayof2021,fivedaysbeforeher40thbirthday,shetriedagain._69_"Idon'tknowifI

couldsurvivethishappeningtomeat19,“shesays.Shethinksherinsecureteenselfwouldn'thavehandledthe

stressofthepubliceyewell.

Itcanbehardtomakeatransitionlaterinlife.—70—

【答案】67,F68.A69.C70.D

【導(dǎo)讀】【文章大意】本文探討了人們?nèi)绾卧谧约旱臅r間軸上定義成功，而不是按照社會的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作者介紹

了兩個人的故事，一個得到了高管職位卻不滿意，另一個在40歲之前轉(zhuǎn)型成為歌手。最后，作者建議讀者

不要按照別人的時間軸來生活，而是為自己制定目標(biāo)。

67.F.她花了很多年感覺自己像一個局外人和失敗者，看著她的同齡人在學(xué)校和工作中嶄露頭角，她覺得自

己永遠趕不上他們的步伐。（根據(jù)前文“她花了很多年感覺自己像一個局外人和失敗者，看著她的同齡人在

學(xué)校和工作中嶄露頭角，她覺得自己永遠趕不上他們的步伐?！笨芍@是DaniellePonder的故事，她曾經(jīng)

感覺自己落后于同齡人的步伐。因此，答案為F。）

68.A.我是否真的需要它們？按照誰的時間表？（根據(jù)前文，“我是否真的需要它們？按照誰的時間表？‘她

問自己。她最終離開了這份工作，并開始懷疑所有那些里程碑?！笨芍?，NikkiIvey曾經(jīng)在想自己是否真正

需要這些所謂的里程碑，并開始質(zhì)疑自己內(nèi)心的想法。因此，答案為A。）

69.C.這一次，辭職讓她發(fā)行了第一張專輯，出現(xiàn)在電視節(jié)目中，并有了售罄的演出。（根據(jù)后文“Thistime,

quittingherjobledtoherfirstalbum,televisionappearancesandsold-outshows.”可知,這是DaniellePonder的

故事，她在40歲之前成為了一名歌手。因此，答案為C。）

70.D.與其感受到按照別人的時間軸來生活的壓力，不如為自己制定目標(biāo)。（根據(jù)后文“Insteadoffeeling

pressuretohitlifeeventsonsomeoneelse'stimeline,maybeit'sfinetomakeourown.“可知，作者建議讀者們不

要按照社會給出的時間軸來生活，而應(yīng)該制定自己的目標(biāo)。因此，答案為D。）

（三）

（2024年長寧區(qū)一模）

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Itwillnotbelongbeforehe'sbackinprisonagain.

B.We'reallrelievedthatthecriminalisbeingpunishedforhismisdeeds.

C.Communityserviceislikelytoturnprisonersintobetterpersons.

D.Offendersaretriedandsentencedaccordingtothelegalsystem.

E.Thethreatofanotherspellinjailwillstophimfrombreakingthelawagain.

F.Putthemoneyintosupportingdeprivedareaswhicharethegroundsforcrime.

Hello,everyone!

Areyouworriedaboutcrime?Iam.Wereaditeverydayinthenewspapers.Aterriblecrimehasbeen

committed,andthepolicehavearrestedsomeone.Hehasappearedincourtandclaimedhisinnocencebuthasbeen

foundguiltyofhiscrimeandhehasbeensentencedtotenyearsinprison.67

Innocentcitizenslikeyouandmecansleepmoresafelyatnight.

Butwhathappensnext?Weallhopetheprisonerwillbenefitfromsociety'sretribution.Aspell（一陣子）in

prisonwillreformhimandmakehimabetterperson.Weallhopehe'llreformandbecomelikeus.Weallhopethat

whenheiseventuallyreleased,hewillbeagoodcharacter.68But,lefs

faceit.Therealityisusuallyverydifferent.Theprisonermaybereleasedonparole（假釋）beforetheendofhis

sentence.Hewilltrytore-entersociety.Butthenheoftenbecomesavictimhimself,unabletofindworkandis

rejectedbysociety.69

Sowhatcanwedotomakesuretheoffenderdoesn'tcommitanothercrime?Ofcourse,thereare

alternativestoprison,suchascommunityserviceorhecanpayalargefine.Alternatively,wecouldestablisha

moreseveresystemofpunishment.

Theanswerisfarsimpler.Weneedtobetoughnotonthecriminal,butonthecauseofthecrime.Weshould

spendlessofthetaxpayer'smoneyinfundingthejudgesandalltheotherpeoplewhoareworkingforthelegal

system.70WeintheConLabPartybelievethateverybodyneedsa

goodchanceinlife,andthisisagoodstepforward.

Voteforusnow!

【答案】67-70BEAF

【導(dǎo)讀】

本文討論了刑事罪犯入獄后的情況以及預(yù)防再犯罪的方法。作者認(rèn)為，社會應(yīng)該針對犯罪原因采取措施，

而不是過分強調(diào)懲罰犯罪本身。作者提出了減少注資司法系統(tǒng)，將資金投入貧困地區(qū)改善生活條件的建議，

認(rèn)為這是預(yù)防犯罪的關(guān)鍵。

B.我們都感到寬慰，罪犯因為他的罪行而受到懲罰。

解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里是說罪犯被判有罪并被判刑后，像我們這樣的無辜公民可以更安心地睡覺了。選

項B恰好表達了這個意思。

E.再次入獄的威脅將阻止他再次違法。

解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里是說我們希望罪犯在服刑期間得到改造，并成為像我們一樣的好人。但現(xiàn)實通常

是非常不同的。罪犯可能會在刑期結(jié)束前獲得假釋，試圖重新融入社會，但由于找不到工作和被社會拒絕，

他常常會成為受害者。因此，我們需要采取措施防止罪犯再次犯罪。選項E恰好表達了這個意思。

A.社區(qū)服務(wù)有可能使罪犯轉(zhuǎn)變成好人。

解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里是說我們需要采取措施防止罪犯再次犯罪。選項A提到的社區(qū)服務(wù)是一種常見的

替代刑事監(jiān)禁的方式，通過讓罪犯為社區(qū)做義工等方式改造他們，從而預(yù)防再犯罪行。

F.把錢投入支持貧困地區(qū)，這是犯罪的根源所在。

解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里是說我們需要采取措施防止罪犯再次犯罪。作者認(rèn)為，應(yīng)該減少注資司法系統(tǒng)，

將資金投入貧困地區(qū)改善生活條件，以消除犯罪的根源。選項F恰好表達了這個意思。

(四)

(2024年徐匯區(qū)一模)

TherateofchildhoodobesityintheU.S.hastripledoverthepast50years.Butwhatthistrendmeansfor

children'slong-termhealth,andwhattodoaboutit(ifanything),isnotsoclear.

TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(AAP)madewavesthisyearbyrecommendingthatdoctorsputobese

kidsasyoungastwoyearsoldonintensive,family-orientedlifestyleandbehaviorplans.___67___Thisadvice

marksashiftfromtheorganization'spreviousstanceof"watchandwait,“anditreflectstheAAP'sbeliefthatobesity

isadiseaseandthegroup'sadoptionofamoreproactivepositiononchildhoodobesity.

YetthelifestyleprogramstheAAPrecommendsareexpensive,inaccessibletomostchildrenandhardto

maintain-andtheguidelinesacknowledgethesebarriers.Fewweight-lossdrugshavebeenapprovedforolder

children,althoughmanyareusedoff-label.___68___Andsurgery,whilebecomingmorecommon,hasinherentrisks

andfewlong-termsafetydata-itcould,forinstance,causenutritionaldeficitsingrowingchildren.Furthermore,

ifsnotclearwhetherinterventionsinyoungstershelptoimprovehealthormerelyaddtothestigmaoverweightkids

facefromafat-phobicsociety.Thisstigmacanleadtomentalhealthproblemsandeatingdisorders.

Ratherthanfixatingonnumbersonascale,theU.S.andcountrieswithsimilartrendsshouldfocusonan

underlyingtruth:weneedtoinvestinmoreandsaferplacesforchildrentoplaywheretheycanmoveandrunaround,

climbandjump,rideandskate.

.69___In2020theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionfound,unsurprisingly,thatkids9sports

participationincreaseswiththeirparents5incomes:about70percentofkidswhosefamiliesearnmorethan$105,000

ayearparticipateinsports,butonly51percentofmiddle-classkidsand31percentofchildrenatorbelowthepoverty

linedo.Thisdisparityhurtspeopleofcolorthemost.Morethan60percentofwhitechildren,forinstance,participate

inathletics,butonly42percentofBlackchildrenand47percentofHispanicchildrendo.Expertsblamethese

problemsontheprivatizationofsports-aspublicinvestmentinschool-basedathleticsdwindles,expensiveprivate

leagueshavegrown,leavingmanykidsout.

AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices9PhysicalActivityGuidelinesforAmericans,

childrenbetweenagessixand17shouldgetatleastanhourofmoderatetointensephysicalactivityeveryday.Yet

only21to28percentofU.S.kidsmeetthistarget,twogovernment-sponsoredsurveysfound.ThenonprofitActive

HealthyKidsGlobalAllianceevaluatesphysicalactivityinAmericanchildren,andin2022thegroupgavetheU.S.a

gradeofD-.

Whyisitsohardtogetkidsmoving?Inadditiontofeweropportunitiesatschool,researchersciteincreased

screentime,changingnormsaroundlettingkidsplayoutdoorsunsupervised,andalackofsafeplacesforthemto

playoutsidethehome.

NewYorkCity,forexample,had2,067publicplaygroundsasof2019——a"meager“amountforitslarge

population,accordingtoareportfromthecitycomptroller-andinspectorsfoundhazardousequipmentatone

quarterofthem.InLosAngelesin2015,only33percentofyouthslivedwithinwalkingdistanceofapark,according

totheL.A.NeighborhoodLandTrust.Lower-incomeneighborhoodstendtohavethefewestpublicplayspaces,

despiteoftenhavingahighpopulationdensity.___70___

Kidseverywhereneedmoreplacestoplay:trails,skateparksandclimbingwalls,gardensandballfields,bike

pathsandbasketballcourts.Vigorouspublicfundingtobuildandkeepuptheseareasiscrucial,butotheroptionssuch

asshared-useagreementscanmakeunusedspacesavailabletothepublic.

A.Movingmoremaynotpreventachildfrombecomingoverweight,butstudiesshowclearlythatithelpsboth

physicalandmentalhealth.

B.Andalthoughruralareashavemoreundevelopedoutdoorspace,theyoftenlackplaygrounds,tracksandexercise

facilities

C.Alackofsafeplacesforthemtoplayoutsidethehomealsocontributestokidsobesity.

D.Italsosuggestedprescribingweight-lossdrugstochildren12andolderandsurgerytoteens13andolder.

E.Increasedscreentimeandchangingnormsaroundlettingkidsplayoutdoorsareunsupervised.

F.Theyhavesignificantsideeffectsforbothkidsandadults.

【答案】67.D68.F69.A70.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述在過去的50年里，美國兒童肥胖率增加了兩倍，美國兒科學(xué)會提

出的建議難以實現(xiàn)，研究表明多運動有助于身心健康，因此需要投資更多、更安全的地方，讓孩子們玩耍

運動，文章還分析了孩子運動量減少的原因。

[67題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“Thisadvicemarksashiftfromtheorganization'spreviousstanceof'watchandwait,'anditreflectsthe

AAP'sbeliefthatobesityisadiseaseandthegroup'sadoptionofamoreproactivepositiononchildhoodobesity.（這

一建議標(biāo)志著該組織之前'觀望和等待'的立場發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，它反映了美國兒科學(xué)會認(rèn)為肥胖是一種疾病，

并在兒童肥胖問題上采取了更積極的立場）”可知，空處是關(guān)于對肥胖的治療建議，D項“它還建議給12歲

及以上的兒童開減肥藥，給13歲及以上的青少年開手術(shù)”符合語境，故選D。

[68題詳解】

上文“Fewweight-lossdrugshavebeenapprovedforolderchildren,althoughmanyareusedoff-label.（彳艮少有減月巴

藥被批準(zhǔn)用于年齡較大的兒童，盡管許多減肥藥是在標(biāo)簽外使用的）”提到，很少有減肥藥被批準(zhǔn)用于年齡

較大的兒童，F(xiàn)項“它們對兒童和成人都有明顯的副作用”說明不批準(zhǔn)減肥藥用于兒童的原因，故選F。

[69題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“In2020theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionfound,unsurprisingly,thatkids'sports

participationincreaseswiththeirparents'incomes:about70percentofkidswhosefamiliesearnmorethan$105,000

ayearparticipateinsports,butonly51percentofmiddle-classkidsand31percentofchildrenatorbelowthepoverty

linedo.（2020年，美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們的體育參與程度隨著父母收入的增加而增加，這并

不令人意外：年收入超過10.5萬美元的家庭中，約有70%的孩子參加體育運動，但只有51%的中產(chǎn)階級孩

子和31%的處于貧困線或貧困線以下的孩子參加體育運動）”可知，本段是描述運動和肥胖之間的關(guān)系，A

項“多運動也許不能防止孩子變胖，但研究清楚地表明，多運動有助于身心健康”符合語境。故選A。

【70題詳解】

根據(jù)上一段末“andalackofsafeplacesforthemtoplayoutsidethehome（他們在家以外的范圍缺乏安全的玩耍

場所）”以及本段中"InLosAngelesin2015,only33percentofyouthslivedwithinwalkingdistanceofapark,

accordingtotheL.A.NeighborhoodLandTrust.Lower-incomeneighborhoodstendtohavethefewestpublicplay

spaces,despiteoftenhavingahighpopulationdensity.（根據(jù)洛杉磯社區(qū)土地信托的數(shù)據(jù)，2015年，洛杉磯只有

33%的年輕人住在步行可達的公園內(nèi)。低收入社區(qū)往往擁有最少的公共游戲空間，盡管那里的人口密度通常

很高）”可知，本段是對上一段提到的“孩子們在家以外的范圍缺乏安全的玩耍場所”舉例說明，B項“盡

管農(nóng)村地區(qū)有更多未開發(fā)的戶外空間，但他們往往缺乏操場、跑道和鍛煉設(shè)施”符合語境，故選B。

（五）

（2024年閔行區(qū)一模）

TheMeaningandPowerofSmell

Asurveyrevealedthatsmellcancausestrongemotionalresponses.Asmellconnectedwithagoodexperience

canpleaseus,whileanodour（氣味）bondedwithabadmemorymaydisgust（使惡us.47Such

associationscanbesopowerfulthatodoursgenerallylabelledunpleasantbecomeagreeable,andthosegenerally

consideredsweetbecomedisagreeableforparticularindividuals.

48Onerespondentbelievesthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithoutsmellingalovedone.Infants

recognizetheirmothers'odourssoonafterbirth.Individualswereabletodistinguishbythesmellaloneclothingworn

bytheirpartnersfromsimilarclothingwornbyotherpeople.

Despiteitsimportancetoouremotionalandsensorylives,smellisprobablythemostundervaluedsenseinmany

cultures.Whileourolfactory（嗅覺的）powersarenothinglikeasfineasthosepossessedbycertainanimals,theyare

remarkablysensitive.49

Odours,unlikecolours,can'tbenamedinmanylanguagesbecausethespecificvocabularysimplydoesn'texist.

“Itsmellslikewehavetosaywhendescribinganodour,strugglingtoexpressourolfactoryexperience.Norcan

odoursberecorded:thereisnoeffectivewaytocaptureorstorethemovertime.50Smellsconsidered

offensiveinsomeculturesmaybeacceptableinothers.Therefore,oursenseofsmellisameansofinteractingwith

theworld.Thestudyoftheculturalhistoryofsmellisindeedaninvestigationintotheessenceofhumanculture.

A.Odoursarealsoessentialsignalsinsocialbonding.

B.Besides,odoursaregranteddifferentculturalvalues.

C.Human'sperceptionofsmellfacilitatesthespreadofhumanculture.

D.Ournosescanperceiveodourspresentinextremelysmallquantities.

E.Manyrespondentsnotedmanyoftheirolfactorylikesanddislikeswerebasedonemotionallinks.

F.Somerespondents9preferenceforaparticularodourwasinfluencedbyemotionalassociations.

【答案】47.E48.A49.D50.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一項調(diào)查顯示，氣味可以引起強烈的情緒反應(yīng)。與美好經(jīng)歷聯(lián)

系在一起的氣味會讓我們感到愉悅，而與糟糕記憶聯(lián)系在一起的氣味可能會讓我們感到厭惡。解釋了嗅覺

的意義和力量。

【47題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Suchassociationscanbesopowerfulthatodoursgenerallylabelledunpleasantbecomeagreeable,and

thosegenerallyconsideredsweetbecomedisagreeableforparticularindividuals4這種聯(lián)系是如止匕強大，以至于通

常被認(rèn)為不愉快的氣味變得令人愉快，而那些通常被認(rèn)為是甜的氣味對特定的人來說變得不愉快）”可知，

后文提到了某種聯(lián)系的強大影響，可知本句是在說明這種聯(lián)系是指什么：對嗅覺的好惡有很多是基于情感

聯(lián)系。故E選項“許多受訪者指出，他們對嗅覺的好惡有很多是基于情感聯(lián)系”符合語境，故選E。

[48題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Onerespondentbelievesthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithoutsmellingalovedone.Infants

recognizetheirmothers5odourssoonafterbirth.Individualswereabletodistinguishbythesmellaloneclothingworn

bytheirpartnersfromsimilarclothingwornbyotherpeople.（一位受訪者認(rèn)為，如果沒有聞到愛人的氣味，就沒

有真正的情感聯(lián)系。嬰兒在出生后不久就能認(rèn)出母親的氣味。個體僅憑氣味就能分辨出伴侶穿的衣服和其

他人穿的相似的衣服）”可知，本段的主旨是氣味可以幫助人分辨社會關(guān)系。故A選項“氣味也是社會關(guān)系

的重要信號”符合語境，故選A。

[49題詳解】

根據(jù)上文uDespiteitsimportancetoouremotionalandsensorylives,smellisprobablythemostundervaluedsense

inmanycultures.Whileourolfactoiy（嗅覺的）powersarenothinglikeasfineasthosepossessedbycertainanimals,

theyareremarkablysensitive.（盡管嗅覺對我們的情感和感官生活很重要，但在許多文化中，它可能是最被低

估的感覺。雖然我們的嗅覺能力遠不如某些動物的靈敏，但它們卻非常敏感）”可知，本句承接上文具體說

明鼻子敏感的表現(xiàn)：可以感知極少量的氣味。故D選項“我們的鼻子可以感知極少量的氣味”符合語境，

故選D。

【50題詳解】

根據(jù)后文aSmellsconsideredoffensiveinsomeculturesmaybeacceptableinothers.Therefore,oursenseofsmell

isameansofinteractingwiththeworld.Thestudyoftheculturalhistoryofsmellisindeedaninvestigationintothe

essenceofhumanculture.（在某些文化中被認(rèn)為令人不快的氣味在另一些文化中可能是可以接受的。因此，我

們的嗅覺是與世界互動的一種手段。對氣味的文化史的研究實際上是對人類文化本質(zhì)的研究）”可知，后文

主要補充說明了氣味在某些文化中的價值體現(xiàn)。故B選項“此外，氣味被賦予了不同的文化價值”符合語

境，故選B。

（六）

（2024年虹口區(qū)一模）

WhyDoYouFindItSoHardtoNotMultitask?

Mostofusdomultitaskingalmostdaily.Butifstimetochangethat.Yourattentionisalreadybeingpulledin

millionsofdirectionsdaily,soyoureallydon'tneedtoaddmultitaskingtothelist.Lefstakethesmartphonefor

example.Onaverageyoucheckyourphone110timesaday-thatmeansyou'respending23dayseveryyearglued

toyoursmartphone!Howproductivedoyouthinkthatmakesyou?___47___.

Butit'shardtoletgoofthesehabitsbecauseyou'veconditionedyourbraintosendmisleadingsignalstoyour

body.Researchhasshownthatwhenyoumultitask“successfully”,youactivatetherewardmechanisminyourbrain

thatreleasesdopamine,thehappyhormone.___48___.Thisrushcanalsomakeyouoverlyoptimistic,whichmeans

youarelesscarefulabouttheworkyoudoandmorelikelytomakemistakes.Multitaskersbasicallygetaddictedto

thisrushwhichleadsthemtobelievetheyarebeingeffectivewheninfactthey'renot.

Youcanfindhealthier,morebalanceddopaminereleasesthroughtickingthingsonyourto-dolistthrough

mono-,orsingle-taskingtoo.Sinceourbrainscanonlyeffectivelyfocusononethingatatime,thisisthewayforyou

toaccomplishmoreinlesstime.Researchhassuggestedyou're50%quickeronaveragetoaccomplishataskifyou

monotask,andyou'realso50%lessliketomakeerrors.___49___.You'llalsobeabletoappreciatethingsona

deeperlevelandgetmoreenjoymentfromthemwhenyou'refocused.Ifyou'rechattingtoafriendovercoffeewhile

checkingyourphone,you'renotmakingthemostoutofyourtimewithyourfriend!

Nowyou5reprobablydesperatetofindouthowtogetridofthismultiaskinghabitsoyoucanfindreal

productivity.Thereisnoeasyanswer.Yousimplyhavetocommittoitandhavetheself-disciplinetosticktoonetask

atatime