陜西省咸陽(yáng)市2025屆高三下學(xué)期二模試題 英語(yǔ) 含解析

咸陽(yáng)市2025年高考模擬檢測(cè)（二）英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1．本試卷共10頁(yè)，全卷滿分150分，答題時(shí)間為120分鐘。2．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。3．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。4．考試結(jié)束后，監(jiān)考員將答題卡按順序收回，裝袋整理；試題不回收。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽(tīng)力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whenwillthemeetingstart?A.At8:45.B.At9:00.C.At9:15.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Exchangetheshirt.B.Returntheshirt.C.Buyanewshirt.3.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardsthenewproject?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Inaclassroom.5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthenewsoftware?A.Easy.B.Difficult.C.Uncertain.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至8題。6.Wherearethespeakersplanningtogofortheirtrip?A.Apopularcity.B.Aremotevillage.C.Aseasidetown.7.Howwillthespeakersgoonthetrip?A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Byplane.8.Whatdoesthemansuggesttheytake?A.Adivingsuit.B.Enoughsnacks.C.Agoodcamera.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第9至11題。9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Choosingsomecourses.B.Knowingtheinterests.C.Findingmoreadvisors.10.Whatdoesthemanthinkofcoursesthissemester?A.Boring.B.Appealing.C.Challenging.11.Wherewillthemanprobablygonext?A.Tothehall.B.Totheoffice.C.Tothelab.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第12至14題。12.Whatdoesthemanwanttotryfirst?A.Weightlifting.B.Tabletennis.C.Badminton.13.Whydoesthewomanliketabletennis?A.Becauseithelpsbuildmuscle.B.Becauseitmakesherquicker.C.Becauseitimprovesendurance.14.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutbadminton?A.Satisfied.B.Puzzled.C.Concerned.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第15至17題。15.Whoistheman?A.Aninterviewee.B.Anassistant.C.Anorganizer.16.Whatrelevantexperiencedidthemanhave?A.Hetaughtthepracticalskillstoothers.B.Hehadexperienceincomparinggraphs.C.Heonceworkedinadesigncompany.17.Whydoesthemanwantthisjob?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Togainagoodreputation.C.Todevelopprofessionalskills.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Theimportanceofpottery.B.Thehistoryofpottery.CTheprocessofpottery.19.Whatwasthedailyuseofpotteryinancienttimes?A.Makingsomejewelry.B.Storingfoodandwater.C.Helpingbuildhouses.20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofthepotterystudy?A.Ithelpsunderstandtheancientlife.B.Ithelpsknowabouttheoldfashion.C.Ithelpsknowaboutancientmedicine.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATraintripsdeliveralittlesliceofeffortlessadventure,transportingtravelersthroughchanginglandscapeswithdiversepeople.Herearefourfavoriterailjourneys:CairotoLuxor,EgyptRoute:CairotoLuxorJourneytime:10hoursThisrailwaylineisafinewaytogettoknowtheancientcivilizations.MostvisitorschoosetotravelonanovernighttrainfromCairo,dozingoffatnight.RiseearlyforriverviewsbeforearrivingatLuxor’sornatestation.EllatoKandyLine,SriLankaRoute:KandytoEllaJourneytime:7hoursTherecanbenobetterwaytogetfromAtoBinSriLanka’scentralhighlandsthanonthistrain.ThistrainisalifelineforlocalsjourneyingfromKandyintothehills,aswellasabeloveddayoutfortravellers.Itpassesthroughteaplantations,farmingfields,andruraltemples.TohokuShinkansen,JapanRoute:TokyotoShinAomoriJourneytime:3hoursJapanwasthebirthplaceofhigh-speedrailbeginningwiththefirst‘bullettrain’in1960s.ThelongestandfastestistheTohokuShinkansen.Travellingat200mphisthatifyoublinkyouriskmissingtheviews—nonetheless,keepyoureyespeeledforglimpsesofKomineCastleandtheleafystreetsofthecity.BerninaExpress,SwitzerlandRoute:ChurtoTiranoJourneytime:4hoursCovering76miles,thisrideontheBerninaExpressmaybeshortbutitispackedwithdramaticscenery—passingthroughtunnels,overbridges,andacrosstheBerninaPass.Thejourneyisagreattrip,particularlystunninginwinter,withsnow-coveredlandscapes.1.WhatisthemainreasonfortouriststochooseEllatoKandyLine,SriLanka?A.Toenjoyhigh-speedtravel. B.Toexperiencelocalculture.CToviewsnowylandscapes. D.Toexperienceancientsites.2.WhenistheBerninaExpressespeciallywonderful?A.Inspring. B.Insummer. C.Inautumn. D.Inwinter.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Torecommendfourwonderfultrainjourneys.B.Tointroducethehistoryofthedifferentrails.C.Tocomparedifferenttrainroutesaroundtheworld.D.Toadvisereadershowtoplanagoodtrainjourney.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四條備受喜愛(ài)的鐵路旅行路線，包括每條路線的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)、旅行時(shí)間以及沿途的景觀和特色。從而向讀者提供有關(guān)旅游目的地的詳細(xì)信息，以吸引他們前往旅行。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章EllatoKandyLine,SriLanka部分中的“ThistrainisalifelineforlocalsjourneyingfromKandyintothehills,aswellasabeloveddayoutfortravellers.Itpassesthroughteaplantations,farmingfields,andruraltemples.(這趟火車是當(dāng)?shù)厝藦目堤崆巴絽^(qū)的生命線，也是深受游客喜愛(ài)的一日游選擇。它會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)茶園、農(nóng)田和鄉(xiāng)村寺廟)”可知，這趟列車是當(dāng)?shù)厝藦目堤崆巴絽^(qū)的生命線，且會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)茶園、農(nóng)田和鄉(xiāng)村寺廟，游客乘坐這趟列車可以體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳罘绞健⒖吹疆?dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)業(yè)景觀以及宗教場(chǎng)所等，能夠很好地體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕Ｒ虼?，游客選擇斯里蘭卡埃勒至康提線的主要原因是體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕９蔬xB?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章BerninaExpress,Switzerland部分中的“Thejourneyisagreattrip,particularlystunninginwinter,withsnow-coveredlandscapes.(這是一段很棒的旅程，尤其是在冬季，白雪覆蓋的景色令人嘆為觀止)”可知，伯爾尼納快車的旅程非常棒，尤其是在冬季，白雪覆蓋的風(fēng)景令人驚嘆。所以，伯爾尼納快車在冬季尤其美妙。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。文章開(kāi)篇指出“Traintripsdeliveralittlesliceofeffortlessadventure,transportingtravelersthroughchanginglandscapeswithdiversepeople.Herearefourfavoriterailjourneys:(火車旅行能帶來(lái)一絲毫不費(fèi)力的冒險(xiǎn)體驗(yàn)，載著旅客穿越不斷變化的風(fēng)景，邂逅形形色色的人。以下是四條備受喜愛(ài)的鐵路之旅)”，表明火車旅行能帶來(lái)獨(dú)特體驗(yàn)，接著分別介紹了四條不同的火車旅行線路，包括路線、行程時(shí)長(zhǎng)以及各自的特色等，所以文章的主要目的是推薦這四條精彩的火車旅行線路。故選A。BLiuYuelai’sjourneybeganintheearly2000swhenhenoticedsomethingtroublinginShanghai’sneighborhoods.Atfirstglance,thecrackedandfadedconcretewallsurroundingarestaurantinXinjiang’scapitalUrumqiseemsanunlikelyplacetofindadynamiccenterofcreativity.Andyetit’sherethatchildren,chefs,retirees,andcollegestudentshavegatheredtopaintflowersandroosters,andplantpeppers,tomatoes,andsoon.This“oasis(綠洲)project”istheoriginalideaofLiuYuelai,aprofessoratTongjiUniversity’sCollegeofArchitectureandUrbanPlanninginShanghai.“Thiscanvas(畫(huà)布)hasbecomeagatheringareaforabout30Uyghurlocals,”Liuexplains,addingthatthetransformationhasincreasedinteractionsbetweennearbyresidentsaswellasboostedtheneighboringrestaurant’smonthlyearningsfrom120,000yuanto180,000yuan.Liu’svisionwassimpleyetpoweredspaces—likeoldconstructionoutbuildingsoremptyhospitalhallways—intogreen,productiveareaswherepeoplecouldreconnectwithnatureandeachother.Despitefacinginitialresistance,Liupersisted.Today,histeamhascreatedover1,000communitygardensacrossChina.Thesegardenshavebecomemorethanjustgreenspaces—theyareplaceswherecommunitiescometogether.In2022,duringagardenprojectinShanghai,localsgottoknowUncleMa,abicyclerepairmanwhohadlivednearbyforoveradecade.Throughworkingsidebysideinthegarden,theylearnedabouthislifeandevenhelpedhimfindanewjobwhenhefacedunemployment.“Thissmallgardenshowedthecommunity’sstrengthandcare,”Liurecalls.ForLiu,thesegardensarealsoawaytoslowdowninafast-pacedworld.“Naturetellsuswedon’thavetoworkrelentlessly,”hesays.Hisgoalistocreate2,040communitygardensinShanghai,formingagreennetworkthatcovers70%ofthecity’sneighborhoods.Throughhiswork,Liuisplantingseedsofchange,provingthateventhesmallestspacescanfosterconnection,belonging,andhope.4.WhatinspiredLiuYuelaitostartthe“oasisproject”?A.Theobservationoftheneighborhoods. B.Theneedtoboostthetourismindustry.C.Thestrongsupportfromlocalresidents. D.Thehighincomepotentialoftheproject.5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLiuYuelai?A.Cautious. B.Humorous. C.Determined. D.Independent.6.TheauthormentionedtheexampleofUncleMainParagraph3toshow________.A.thegardensarepopularamongrepairmen B.thegardensarebeneficialforpeopleinneedC.thegardenscanhelpcreatejobopportunities D.thegardenscanstrengthencommunitybonds7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OasisProject:TurningCommunitiesOneGardenataTimeB.OasisProject:TransformingUnusedUrbanCornersCreativelyC.CommunityGardens:TheNewTrendinSuburbanDevelopmentD.CommunityGardens:HowTheyBoostLocalRestaurantIncome【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。本文圍繞劉悅來(lái)的“綠洲項(xiàng)目”展開(kāi)，講述其將空間變?yōu)樯鐓^(qū)花園，增進(jìn)社區(qū)聯(lián)系，帶來(lái)積極改變?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“LiuYuelai’sjourneybeganintheearly2000swhenhenoticedsomethingtroublinginShanghai’sneighborhoods.(劉悅來(lái)的歷程始于21世紀(jì)初，當(dāng)時(shí)他注意到上海社區(qū)里一些令人不安的事情。)”以及后面關(guān)于“oasis(綠洲)project”的描述可知，是對(duì)社區(qū)的觀察促使劉悅來(lái)開(kāi)始了“綠洲項(xiàng)目”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Despitefacinginitialresistance,Liupersisted.(盡管最初面臨阻力，劉還是堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)。)”可知，劉悅來(lái)在面對(duì)困難時(shí)沒(méi)有放棄，而是堅(jiān)持自己的想法和行動(dòng)，這體現(xiàn)了他堅(jiān)定的品質(zhì)。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thesegardenshavebecomemorethanjustgreenspaces—theyareplaceswherecommunitiescometogether.In2022,duringagardenprojectinShanghai,localsgottoknowUncleMa,abicyclerepairmanwhohadlivednearbyforoveradecade.Throughworkingsidebysideinthegarden,theylearnedabouthislifeandevenhelpedhimfindanewjobwhenhefacedunemployment.‘Thissmallgardenshowedthecommunity’sstrengthandcare,’Liurecalls.(這些花園已經(jīng)不僅僅是綠色空間——它們是社區(qū)成員聚集在一起的地方。2022年，在上海的一個(gè)花園項(xiàng)目中，當(dāng)?shù)厝苏J(rèn)識(shí)了在附近住了十多年的自行車修理工馬叔叔。通過(guò)在花園里并肩工作，他們了解了他的生活，甚至在他面臨失業(yè)時(shí)幫他找到了一份新工作?！@個(gè)小花園展示了社區(qū)的力量和關(guān)懷，’劉回憶道。)”可知，作者提到馬叔叔的例子是為了說(shuō)明這些花園可以加強(qiáng)社區(qū)成員之間的聯(lián)系，讓社區(qū)更有凝聚力。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了劉悅來(lái)發(fā)起的“綠洲項(xiàng)目”，把一些未充分利用的空間變成社區(qū)花園，這些花園不僅是綠色空間，還成為了社區(qū)成員聚集、交流、互助的地方，改變了社區(qū)。所以A項(xiàng)OasisProject:TurningCommunitiesOneGardenataTime(綠洲項(xiàng)目：一次一個(gè)花園地改變社區(qū))既提到了“綠洲項(xiàng)目”，又突出了該項(xiàng)目對(duì)社區(qū)的改變，符合文意，適合作標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。CArtificialintelligence,onceatheoreticalconcept,hasquicklybecomeadominantforceinthetechnologicallandscape.Injusttwoyears,AI-driventoolslikeChatGPTandDoubaohavemovedfromexperimentaltoessential,weavingtheirwayintoourwork,homes,andevenoursocialmediafeeds.Similarly,OpenAI’sDALL-E,anAIprogramcapableofgeneratingdetailedimagesandartfromtextualdescriptions,hasledtoaglobalconversationaboutthecreativepossibilitiesandpotentialpitfallsofAI.Asthesetechnologiescontinuetoadvance,theconversationunavoidablyturnstoregulation.TherehasbeenagrowingawarenessthatthepaceofAIinnovationmustbematchedwiththoughtfulgovernancetoensureitservesthepublicgoodwhileminimizingharm.MarzyehGhassemi,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),pointedoutthatthequestionofwhetherornotAIshouldberegulatedisnotoneofpossibilitybutofnecessity.Intheabsenceofregulation,thereisarealriskthatAIcoulddevelopinwaysthatareinconsistentwithhumanvaluesandsocietalnorms,leadingtounintendedconsequences.IntermsofAIregulation,ElectricalandElectronicsEngineers(IEEE)1012standard,alsoknownastheIEEEStandardforSystemservesasaroadmapforaddressingthevariedrisksassociatedwithemergingAItechnologies.ItsapproachcanbeadaptedtoAIsystems.ByfollowingtheIEEE1012standard,regulatorsandindustryprofessionalscansystematicallyassessandcontroltheriskslyinginAIapplications,pavingthewayforsaferandmorereliabletechnologyemployment.ProfessorShenWeixingfromtheLawSchoolofTsinghuaUniversityassumesthatpolicymakersshouldencouragetheevolutionoftheIEEE1012standarditselftoaddressmoreAI-specificissuesandkeepupwiththerapidlydevelopinglandscapeofAItechnologies.Bydoingso,theycanhelpcreatearegulatoryenvironmentthatnotonlyprotectsconsumersandthepublicbutalsofostersinnovationandgrowthwithintheAIsector.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pitfalls”inParagraph2mean?A.Failures. B.Advantages. C.Dangers. D.Opportunities.9.WhyisAIregulationnecessaryaccordingtoMarzyehGhassemi?A.BecauseAIwithoutregulationmaygoagainstmorality.B.BecauseAItechnologiesdeveloptoorapidlytocontrol.C.BecauseAIdevelopmentmayconflictwithhumanrights.D.BecauseAIinnovationmustbefasterthanitsgovernance.10.WhatdoweknowaboutIEEE1012standard?A.Itcangeneratedetailedimagesandartworks.B.IthassolvedallAI-specificissuescompletely.C.IthelpsregulatorscontrolrisksinAIapplications.D.Itisafixedrulethatcan’tbeadaptedtoAIsystems.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheurgencyofAIregulationduetoitsseriousconsequences.BTheimportanceofAIregulationandrelevantstandards.C.ThechallengesinAIregulationstandardimprovement.D.TheIEEE1012’sroleinAIinnovationandregulation.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是AI技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展及其帶來(lái)的創(chuàng)造性潛力與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了監(jiān)管的重要性和相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的作用?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“TherehasbeenagrowingawarenessthatthepaceofAIinnovationmustbematchedwiththoughtfulgovernancetoensureitservesthepublicgoodwhileminimizingharm.(人們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到，人工智能創(chuàng)新的步伐必須與深思熟慮的治理相匹配，以確保其服務(wù)于公共利益，同時(shí)將危害降到最低)”可知，人們意識(shí)到需要對(duì)AI進(jìn)行監(jiān)管，確保其服務(wù)于公共利益，同時(shí)將危害降到最低，結(jié)合劃線句子所在的句子“Similarly,OpenAI’sDALL-E,anAIprogramcapableofgeneratingdetailedimagesandartfromtextualdescriptions,hasledtoaglobalconversationaboutthecreativepossibilitiesandpotential…ofAI.(同樣，OpenAI的DALL-E是一種能夠根據(jù)文本描述生成詳細(xì)圖像和藝術(shù)作品的人工智能程序，它引發(fā)了關(guān)于人工智能創(chuàng)造性潛力及其潛在……的全球討論)”可知，此處講述的是OpenAI引發(fā)了人們對(duì)人工智能創(chuàng)造性潛力及其潛在危害的全球討論，所以劃線單詞的意思與“危害”意義相近。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Intheabsenceofregulation,thereisarealriskthatAIcoulddevelopinwaysthatareinconsistentwithhumanvaluesandsocietalnorms,leadingtounintendedconsequences.(在缺乏監(jiān)管的情況下，人工智能可能會(huì)以不符合人類價(jià)值觀和社會(huì)規(guī)范的方式發(fā)展，從而導(dǎo)致意外后果)”可知，缺乏監(jiān)管的人工智能可能會(huì)違背人類價(jià)值觀和社會(huì)規(guī)范，從而導(dǎo)致意外后果，由此可知，MarzyehGhassemi認(rèn)為人工智能監(jiān)管是必要的，因?yàn)闆](méi)有監(jiān)管的人工智能可能會(huì)違背道德。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ByfollowingtheIEEE1012standard,regulatorsandindustryprofessionalscansystematicallyassessandcontroltheriskslyinginAIapplications,pavingthewayforsaferandmorereliabletechnologyemployment.(通過(guò)遵循IEEE1012標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和行業(yè)專業(yè)人士可以系統(tǒng)地評(píng)估和控制人工智能應(yīng)用中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，為更安全、更可靠的技術(shù)應(yīng)用鋪平道路)”可知，IEEE1012標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有助于監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)控制人工智能應(yīng)用中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段中的“Asthesetechnologiescontinuetoadvance,theconversationunavoidablyturnstoregulation.(隨著這些技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，不可避免地引發(fā)了對(duì)監(jiān)管的討論)”以及第三段中引用了麻省理工學(xué)院副教授馬爾齊赫·加塞米的觀點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)人工智能進(jìn)行監(jiān)管的必要性，同時(shí)在第四段和第五段中詳細(xì)介紹了IEEE1012標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如何幫助系統(tǒng)地評(píng)估和控制人工智能應(yīng)用中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，從而推動(dòng)更安全、更可靠的技術(shù)應(yīng)用，由此可知，本文主要講述的是強(qiáng)調(diào)人工智能監(jiān)管及其相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的重要性，以確保技術(shù)的安全性和可靠性，同時(shí)促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)。DArecentstudypublishedinNatureMedicinehasrevealedthatmicroplasticsandnanoplastics(納米塑料)(MNPs)accumulateathigherlevelsinthehumanbrainthanintheliverandkidneys.Moreover,individualsdiagnosedwithdementia(癡呆)hadevenhigherlevelsofMNPsintheirbrains.MNPs,invisibletothenakedeye,originatefromlargerplasticproducts,animaltissuesandtheair,withindoorairoftencontainingmoreMNPsthanoutdoorair.Whenbreathedin,thesetinyparticlescantravelthroughthebodyandaccumulateinorganssuchasthelungs,bloodvessels,andbonemarrow.Alarmingly,evenlargerMNPscanpassthroughtheblood-brainbarrierandenterthebrain.BecausethesubstancebreathedinthroughthenoseallowsMNPstoreachtheolfactorybulb(嗅球),apartofthebrainthatprocessessmell,providingamoredirectroutetothebrain.Thestudyexamined52humanbrain,liver,andkidneysamplesfrom2016and2024.Theresultshowedthatbrainandliversamplesfrom2024hadsignificantlyhigherconcentrationsofMNPscomparedtothosefrom2016.Overall,brainsamplescontained7to30timesmoreMNPsthanliverandkidneysamples.Accordingtothefindings,theresearcherssuggestdramaticallyincreasingconcentrationsofMNPsinourhomes,airandwatercouldbetoblame.ThestudyalsofoundthatMNPslevelswere3to5timeshigherinthebrainsofindividualswithdementia.However,theresearchersemphasizethatthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanMNPscausedementia,butithighlightsanassociationthatrequiresfurtherstudy.Additionally,MNPscanacceleratethespreadofstomachcancercells.Whileitisimpossibletocompletelyavoidexposuretoplastics,Kasteel,aprofessorofthestudy,suggeststhatindividualscanmakesmallchoicestoreducetheirexposure.Scientistsarealsoworkingonsolutionstominimizemicroplasticsintheenvironmentthroughmeasuressuchasapplyingtheprecautionaryprincipleanddevelopingstrategiestolowerexposure,potentiallypreventingcertainhealthrisks.12.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byanalyzingcauses. B.Byclassifyingdates.C.Byfollowingorders. D.Bycomparingfigures.13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMNPsisincorrect?A.MNPsmaybefoundinmarineanimals. B.MNPscandirectlyenterhuman’sbrain.C.MNPscanseriouslyresultindementia. D.MNPsmayacceleratestomachcancer.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheaccumulationofMNPsinthehumanbrain?A.Dismissive. B.Optimistic. C.Supportive. D.Concerned.15.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Aresearchplan. B.Asciencereport. C.Ahealthleaflet. D.Aneducationpaper.【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是微塑料和納米塑料在人體內(nèi)積累的情況，及其對(duì)健康的影響和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thestudyexamined52humanbrain,liver,andkidneysamplesfrom2016and2024.Theresultshowedthatbrainandliversamplesfrom2024hadsignificantlyhigherconcentrationsofMNPscomparedtothosefrom2016.Overall,brainsamplescontained7to30timesmoreMNPsthanliverandkidneysamples.(該研究分析了2016年和2024年的52份人類腦、肝和腎樣本。結(jié)果顯示，2024年的腦和肝樣本中MNPs的濃度顯著高于2016年的樣本?？傮w而言，腦樣本中的MNPs含量比肝和腎樣本高出7到30倍)”可知，第三段主要通過(guò)比較數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)展開(kāi)內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Moreover,individualsdiagnosedwithdementiahadevenhigherlevelsofMNPsintheirbrains.(此外，被診斷患有癡呆癥的個(gè)體，其大腦中的MNPs水平甚至更高)”以及第四段中的“However,theresearchersemphasizethatthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanMNPscausedementia,butithighlightsanassociationthatrequiresfurtherstudy.(然而，研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，這并不一定意味著MNPs會(huì)導(dǎo)致癡呆癥，但它表明了一種需要進(jìn)一步研究的關(guān)聯(lián))”可知，患有癡呆癥的個(gè)體的大腦中MNPs水平甚至更高，但是并不一定意味著MNPs會(huì)導(dǎo)致癡呆癥，所以C選項(xiàng)“MNPscanseriouslyresultindementia.(MNPs可能會(huì)嚴(yán)重導(dǎo)致癡呆癥)”的說(shuō)法是不正確。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Alarmingly,evenlargerMNPscanpassthroughtheblood-brainbarrierandenterthebrain.BecausethesubstancebreathedinthroughthenoseallowsMNPstoreachtheolfactorybulb(嗅球),apartofthebrainthatprocessessmell,providingamoredirectroutetothebrain.(令人擔(dān)憂的是，即使是較大的MNPs也能穿過(guò)血腦屏障進(jìn)入大腦。因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)鼻子吸入的物質(zhì)可以讓MNPs到達(dá)處理嗅覺(jué)的大腦部位——嗅球，從而為MNPs提供了更直接進(jìn)入大腦的途徑)”以及尾段中的“Whileitisimpossibletocompletelyavoidexposuretoplastics,Kasteel,aprofessorofthestudy,suggeststhatindividualscanmakesmallchoicestoreducetheirexposure.(盡管完全避免接觸塑料是不可能的，但參與研究的教授卡斯蒂爾建議，個(gè)人可以做出一些小的選擇來(lái)減少暴露)”可知，此處介紹了MNPs對(duì)人體健康的潛在危害，并呼吁減少暴露和采取預(yù)防措施，由此可知，作者對(duì)此問(wèn)題持擔(dān)憂態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ArecentstudypublishedinNatureMedicinehasrevealedthatmicroplasticsandnanoplastics(納米塑料)(MNPs)accumulateathigherlevelsinthehumanbrainthanintheliverandkidneys.(最近發(fā)表在《自然醫(yī)學(xué)》上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，微塑料和納米塑料（MNPs）在人腦中的積累量高于在肝臟和腎臟中的積累量)”以及下文中介紹的MNPs的來(lái)源、危害以及可能的解決方案可知，本文適合出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)報(bào)告中。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Fromnewsemi-privatepetairplanestoroadtrips,thisiseverythingpetparentsshouldconsiderbeforehittingtheroad.Catsanddogsarenotjustpets.___16___So,notsurprisingly,morepetparentswanttobringtheirfurryfriendsalongwhentheytravel.Ifyou’renotsurewhethertobringyourpetalongwhiletraveling,theseanimalandtravelexpertsoffersomehelpfulguidance.Putyourpet’swell-beingfirst.Thoughyoumaybeexcitedatthesceneofbringingyourdoggyorkittyalongforthejourney,yourpetmaynotfeelthesameway.___17___Thisisespeciallytrueforseniorpetsorthosewithexistingmedicalissues.Youknowyourpetbest,butit’salwaysagoodideatogetintouchwithyourvet,saysLilianWong,aveterinarianandclinicalskillsinstructoratOregonStateUniversity’sCarlsonCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine.___18___Ifyou’vedecidedtobringyourpetalong,thenextdecisionishowtoreachyourdesireddestination.Ifpossible,Wongrecommendsroad-tripping.“Youcantakeasmanybreaksasyouandyourpetneed,”shesays.“Youcandrivetoanearbyvethospitalifthereisamedicalemergency.Whenyouaretravelingonaplane,youdon’thavethatflexibility.”Drivingisn’talwayspossibleorpractical,soyoumightlookintoflying.Inaddition,mostairlinescanonlyaccommodateahandfulofpetsperflight.___19___PrepareMentally.Acommonphrasethattravelprofessionalsoftensayis“___20___"Thissayingisespeciallytruewhentravelingwithpets,whichareliving,breathingandnaughtycreatureswithmindsoftheirown.Gointothetripwithamindsetthatatleastonethingwillgowrong,alwaystakeiteasyandstaycalm.Whatisnecessaryistohaveabackupplan.Setyourexpectationsappropriatelysoyoudon’tbecomefrustratedordisappointedanddomoreresearchthanyouthinkisnecessary.APackyourpatience.B.Planapet-friendlyjourney.C.Considerthemodeoftravel.D.Travelcouldbeharmfultotheirhealth.E.Sobookearlyandcalltoensurethere’saspotforyourpet.F.Theselovable,four-leggedcreatureshavebecomeourclosestcompanions.G.Someanimalshaveanadventurousspiritandlovetotravelwhileothersdon’t.【答案】16.F17.D18.C19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文圍繞攜寵旅行展開(kāi)，從寵物健康、出行方式、心理準(zhǔn)備等方面，為寵物家長(zhǎng)提供實(shí)用指導(dǎo)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Catsanddogsarenotjustpets.(貓和狗不僅僅是寵物)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)貓和狗的特殊性。F選項(xiàng)Theselovable,four-leggedcreatureshavebecomeourclosestcompanions.(這些可愛(ài)的四條腿的生物已經(jīng)成為我們最親密的伙伴)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了貓和狗在人們生活中的重要地位，與上文銜接緊密，解釋了它們不只是寵物，經(jīng)成為親密伙伴。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thoughyoumaybeexcitedatthesceneofbringingyourdoggyorkittyalongforthejourney,yourpetmaynotfeelthesameway.(盡管你可能會(huì)為帶著你的小狗或小貓一起旅行的場(chǎng)景感到興奮，但你的寵物可能不會(huì)有同樣的感覺(jué))”可知，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)了主人和寵物對(duì)于旅行感受的差異。結(jié)合下文“Thisisespeciallytrueforseniorpetsorthosewithexistingmedicalissues.(這對(duì)于老年寵物或那些有現(xiàn)有健康問(wèn)題的寵物來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此)”可知，旅行可能對(duì)寵物造成傷害，尤其是老年或有健康問(wèn)題的寵物。D項(xiàng)“旅行可能對(duì)他們的健康有害”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifyou’vedecidedtobringyourpetalong,thenextdecisionishowtoreachyourdesireddestination.Ifpossible,Wongrecommendsroad-tripping.(如果你決定帶上你的寵物，下一個(gè)決定就是如何到達(dá)你想去的目的地。如果可能的話，王建議公路旅行)”可知，這一段主要在講帶寵物旅行時(shí)要考慮的出行方式。C選項(xiàng)Considerthemodeoftravel.(考慮旅行的方式。)能夠概括這一段的主旨。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Drivingisn’talwayspossibleorpractical,soyoumightlookintoflying.Inaddition,mostairlinescanonlyaccommodateahandfulofpetsperflight.(開(kāi)車并不總是可行或?qū)嶋H的，所以你可能會(huì)考慮坐飛機(jī)。此外，大多數(shù)航空公司每個(gè)航班只能容納少數(shù)幾只寵物)”可知，因?yàn)楹桨嗄苋菁{的寵物數(shù)量有限，所以要提前預(yù)訂。E選項(xiàng)Sobookearlyandcalltoensurethere’saspotforyourpet.(所以要早點(diǎn)預(yù)訂并打電話確保有你寵物的位置)符合語(yǔ)境，是對(duì)前面信息的合理推斷和總結(jié)。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Thissayingisespeciallytruewhentravelingwithpets,whichareliving,breathingandnaughtycreatureswithmindsoftheirown.Gointothetripwithamindsetthatatleastonethingwillgowrong,alwaystakeiteasyandstaycalm.(當(dāng)和寵物一起旅行時(shí)，這句話尤其正確，寵物是有生命、會(huì)呼吸且調(diào)皮的生物，它們有自己的想法。帶著至少會(huì)有一件事出錯(cuò)的心態(tài)去旅行，總是要放輕松并保持冷靜)”可知，和寵物旅行時(shí)要保持耐心。A選項(xiàng)Packyourpatience.(帶上你的耐心)符合語(yǔ)境，是對(duì)下文內(nèi)容的概括。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ThesmalltownofMillfieldwasknownforitstightlyknit(編織)community.Everyyear,theyheldaharvestfestival,atimewheneveryonecametogetherto___21___thefruitsoftheirlabor.Butthisyear,asenseof___22___cloudedthetown.Thelong-awaitednewfactory,whichwassupposedtobringjobsanddevelopment,hadbeen___23___duetounforeseenenvironmentalissues.Emily,ayoungandambitious___24___fromthelocalpaper,decidedtodigdeeperintothestoryandbelievedtheremustbeawayto___25___thesituation.Emilystartedbyinterviewingthefactoryowners.Theywerefrustratedbut___26___.“We’veinvestedsomuchinthisproject,”saidMr.Thompson,theCEO,“butwe___27___theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.”Emilythenturnedtotheenvironmentalists.Theywere___28___aboutthefactory’spotentialimpactonthenearbyriver.“Theriveristhe___29___ofourtown,”saidDr.Green,anenvironmentalscientist.“Any___30___toitcouldbedisastrous.”AsEmilycontinuedherresearch,shefoundthattherewerealternativetechnologiesthatthefactorycould___31___toreduceitsenvironmentalfootprintandwroteaseriesofarticles___32___thesesolutions,hopingtosparkadialoguebetweenthetwosides.Thearticleshadanimmediate___33___.Representativesfromthefactory,theenvironmentalists,andthelocalgovernment___34___tofindacompromise.Thefestivalthatyear___35___anewmeaning.Itwasnotjustacelebrationofthecropsbutalsoacelebrationofthecommunity’sstrength.21.A.assess B.yield C.distribute D.observe22.A.excitement B.relief C.anxiety D.pride23.A.founded B.suspended C.completed D.expanded24.A.secretary B.passenger C.journalist D.conductor25.A.tackle B.accept C.maintain D.ignore26.A.strong-willed B.bloody-minded C.good-intended D.well-trained27.A.overestimate B.recognize C.concentrate D.investigate28.A.crazy B.curious C.worried D.enthusiastic29.A.boundary B.future C.memory D.lifeblood30.A.attention B.damage C.access D.reference31.A.adopt B.reject C.adapt D.abandon32.A.opposing B.dismissing C.presenting D.hiding33.A.comment B.impact C.session D.profile34.A.refused B.failed C.hesitated D.gathered35A.tookon B.turnedinto C.leftout D.headedoff【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.C25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。小鎮(zhèn)新工廠因環(huán)境問(wèn)題擱置，記者艾米麗推動(dòng)多方對(duì)話找到解決辦法，讓豐收節(jié)有了新意義。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析：句意：每年，他們都會(huì)舉辦豐收節(jié)，這是每個(gè)人聚在一起慶祝他們勞動(dòng)成果的時(shí)候。A.assess評(píng)估；B.yield出產(chǎn)；C.distribute分配；D.observe觀察，慶祝。根據(jù)上文“aharvestfestival”以及語(yǔ)境可知，豐收節(jié)是用來(lái)慶祝勞動(dòng)成果的，observe有“慶?！敝猓险Z(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析：句意：但今年，一種焦慮的情緒籠罩著這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。A.excitement興奮；B.relief寬慰；C.anxiety焦慮；D.pride驕傲。根據(jù)上文“ThesmalltownofMillfieldwasknownforitstightlyknit( 編織 )community.Everyyear,theyheldaharvestfestival,”和表示轉(zhuǎn)折的But可知，幾年節(jié)日期間小鎮(zhèn)居民感到焦慮，anxiety符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析：句意：期待已久的新工廠，本應(yīng)帶來(lái)就業(yè)和發(fā)展，由于不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題被擱置了。A.found