2020 年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語 ( 一) 試題

1絕密☆啟用前答案解析(科目代碼：201)1.答題前，考生須在試題冊指定位置上填寫考生姓名和考生編號；在答題卡指定位置上填寫報考單位、考生姓名和考生編號，并涂寫考生編號信息點。2.考生須把試題冊上的“試卷條形碼”粘貼條取下，粘貼在答題卡的“試卷條形碼粘貼位置”框中。不按規(guī)定粘貼條形碼而影響試卷結(jié)果的，責任由考生自負。3.選擇題的答案必須涂寫在答題卡相應題號的選項上，非選擇題的答案必須書寫在答題紙指定位置的邊框區(qū)域內(nèi)。超出答題區(qū)域?qū)懙拇鸢笩o效；在草稿紙、試題冊上答題無效。4.填(書)寫部分必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆或者鋼筆書寫，字跡工整、筆跡清楚；涂寫部分必須使用2B鉛筆填涂。5.考試結(jié)束，將答題卡和試題冊按規(guī)定交回。(以下信息考生必須認真填寫)考生編號考生姓名22020年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation'sgreattraditions:theSundayroast.1acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis3shouldberenderedyetanother-guiltypleasure4todamageourhealth.TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has5apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked6hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould7crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurnthin-crustpizzasandonly8toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?.9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno10evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.Scientistssaythecompoundis“11tocausecancer”buthavenohardscientificproof.12theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice.14,itwasrumouredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea15.Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,without.theYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?.17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their19riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withnoonelistening1.[A]in[B]towards[C]on[D]till2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed35.[A]issued6.[A]under7.[A]forget8.[A]partially9.[A]Unless10.[A]secondary11.[A]insufficient12.[A]Onthebasisof13.[A]interesting14.[A]Asusual15.[A]resemblance16.[A]made17.[A]tobefair18.[A]reluctantly19.[A]promise20.[A]followup[B]received[B]at[B]regret[B]regularly[B]Since[B]external[B]bound[B]Atthecostof[B]advisable[B]Inparticular[B]combination[B]served[B]Forinstance[B]entirely[B]experience[B]Pickup[C]ignored[C]for[C]finish[C]easily[C]if[C]conclusive[C]likely[C]Inadditionto[C]urgent[C]Bydefinition[C]connection[C]saved[C]Tobebrief[C]gradually[C]campaign[C]openup[D]canceled[D]by[D]avoid[D]initially[D]while[D]negative[D]slow[D]Incontrast[D]fortunate[D]Afterall[D]pattern[D]used[D]Lngeneral[D]carefully[D]competition[D]endupdingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1AgroupofLabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017,andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin￡220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,oughtnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain’stowns,itistrue,arenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,4becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollow-villageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.1tishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganizations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow’syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata"townofculture"awardcould____[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.[B]promotecooperationamongBritain'stowns.[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritaintowns.[D]focusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas____[A]asensiblecompromise.[B]aself-deceivingattempt.[C]aneye-catchingbonus.[D]aninaccessibletarget.23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit____5[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage.[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople.[C]bringsislocalartstoprominence.[D]commitstoitslong-termgrowth.24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent____[A]acontrastingcase.[B]asupportingexample.[C]abackgroundstory.[D]arelatedtopic.25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?[A]Skeptical[B]objective[C]Favourable[D]CriticaltScientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,Sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionoscientificknowledge.Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan€900mlastyear.whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan€210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichrelieson6researcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocowerthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround€500to€5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese"articlepreparationcosts"hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatuswhilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases.weneedarebalancingofpower.26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause____[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave____[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.[D]financedresearchersgenerously.28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned.[D]Encouraged.29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms____7[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.[D]Thefewfeedonthemany.Text3Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaxaveragepeople.ApairofbillsponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.HaddadandLewisdireconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseats.forwomenby2022.ThebillaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifomia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure.CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-busedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethere,isnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolates.theconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?8Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015thesharewomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadto1lesexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotes.thatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskint"phenomenonwherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultiplescatson-àvarietyofboards.Nextlimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawayopromotegenderequity.rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.31.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillsponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwill[A]help1itettoreducegenderbias.[B]poseathreattothestategovernment.[C]raisewomen'spositioninpolitics.[D]greatlybroadencareeroptions.32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?[A]ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowner.[B]ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.[C]ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.[D]Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.33.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate[A]theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.[B]theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees.[Clthepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.[D]theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.34.Norway’sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto[A]theunderestimationofelitewomen’srole.[B]theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards.9[C]theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard.[D]thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?[A]Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.[B]Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicymaking.[C]Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.[D]Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.Text4LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon-Inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedIntheUnitedStatesThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron.whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain’sDPT(divertedprofitstax)Australia’sMAAL(multinationalantiavoidancelaw),andIndia’sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,BritainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxesTheseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomyInresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolutionBothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganizationsworkbutFrance's36.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto[A]regulatedigitalservicesplatforms.[B]protectFrenchcompanies'interests[C]imposealevyontechmultinationals[D]curbtheinfluenceofadvertising37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax[A]maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance[B]isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad[C]aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions[D]willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance38.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat[A]redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured[B]thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgradin[C]techmultinationalsmonopolyshouldbeprevented[D]allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights39.ItcanbeleamedfromPara5thattheOECO'Scurrentwork[A]isbeingresistedbyUScompanies[B]needstobereadjustedimmediately[C]isfacedwithuncertainprospects[D]needstoininvolvemorecountries40.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?[A]FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions[B]FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax[C]FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals[D]FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomyPartBDirections:ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdosenotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)[A]Eyefixationsarebrief[B]ToomucheyecontactIsinstinctivelyfelttoberude[C]Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal[D]Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact[E]Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated[F]Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers[G]EyecontactcanalsobeaggressiveInasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here’swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact41.___________________________________WeknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeIntoitsmotherseyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeonesattentioninacrowdedroom,Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore42._____________________________________NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneOxycontinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning43.____________________________________Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations."Whetheryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,saidMinson44.__________________________________________Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.45.______________________________________Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues."Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer.AmoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthemPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodernworldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.RenaissanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.46.With(thegapbetween)theChurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweentheMedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridgedleadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalileidemonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.47.Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthePtolemaicandAristoteliangeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthecentreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatinactualfact,alloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuchatheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresy,andanysuchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonmentorevendeath.GalileowasexcommunicatedbytheChurchandimprisonedforlifeforhisastronomicalobservationsandhissupportoftheheliocentricprinciple.48.DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtosuppressthisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists.moreexplanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmade,andataratethatthepeople-includingtheChurch-couldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwasborn.TheChurch’slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.ThisveryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostof17century.(49)Asmanytookonthedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld,theRenaissancewasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity.Scientificmethod,reductionismthequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.(50)SuchactionstoseekknowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatinphrase"sapereaude"or“daretoknow”,afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessay“AnAnswertotheQuestion:WhatisEnlightenment?".Itwasthepurposeandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.PartA51.Directions:TheStudentUnionofyouruniversityhasassignedyoutoinformtheinternationalstudentsaboutanupcomingsingingcontest.Writeanoticeinabout100words.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameinthenotice.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.WriteyouranswerontheANSHWERSHEET.(20points)2020年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題答案SectionIUseofEnglish1.C.on2.A.match3.B.enjoyment4.D.guaranteed5.A.issued6.B.at7.D.avoid8.A.partially9.D.while10.C.conclusive11.C.likely12.A.onthebasisof13.B.advisable14.D.afterall15.C.connection16.B.served17.A.tobefair18.B.entirely19.C.campaign20.D.endupSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofB