考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷356

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷356

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Thebestsolutionistostoppretendingthatpeople'spersonalinformation,suchasSocial

Securityaccountnumbersandbirthdates,constitutesauniversalsecretpassword.The

phrase"universalsecret"isanoxymoron.Foronlinebusinesstransactions,theconsumer

mustbeallowedtouseapasswordofhisowncreationandhaveproceduresinplacefor

changingthesepasswordsincaseofsuspectedcompromise.AnyComputerScience

studentworthhissaltwilltellyounottouseyourSocialSecurityaccountnumberor

birthdateasapassword.Whyallowfinancialinstitutionsandgovernmentagenciestodo

somethinginyoursteadthatyou'readvisednottodoforyourself?There'salsoananswer

totheproblemofcriminalsfraudulentlyopeningnewaccounts:statesshouldpasslaws

thatmakeinstitutionsverifyaperson'sresidencebeforeestablishinganyformofnew

credit.Asthingsstandnow,criminalscanoftencontactfinancialinstitutionsviathe

phoneortheInternet,pretendtobeyoubyknowingafewpiecesofyourpersonaldata,

andestablishacreditline.Financialinstitutionsshouldberequiredto"physically

contact"customerstoestablishidentification.Obviously,thiscouldbedonethrough

havingpotentialcustomerscomeinforface-to-facemeetings,butitcouldalsobedone

viatheuseofmail,perhapscertified.Therearcconstitutionallyallowablemeasuresthat

canbeenactedatthefederalleveltoreduceIDfraud.Federalpoliticians,inalike

mannertostateones,shouldconsidersubmittingbillscallingforallfederalagenciesto

immediatelyceaseusingSocialSecurityaccountnumbersandbirthdatesasuniversal

passwords.Congressshouldalsotakestepstoemployonlythemostrigorously

scrupulousemployees,eliminatinghiringpracticesthatincludenonjobrelevanthiring

preferencesandtohireemployeesbasedonlyonjob-relevantcriteria,suchastheirability

todothejobandtheirloyaltytotheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Congressshouldalsotake

stepstoenforceourimmigrationlawsbydeportingallillegalimmigrants——especially

thosewhohaveworkedtheirwayintoourinformationinfrastructure.Ifthey'redishonest

enoughtobehereinviolationofourimmigrationlaws,they'reprobablyahighriskfor

doingsomethingdishonestwithAmericancitizens'personaldata.Congressalsoneedsto

reviewtheimpactofourcurrentimmigrationlawsthatallowlargenumbersofforeigners,

evensomefromterrorist-exportingnations,tocomeintoourcountrylegallyviasuch

programsasHlandLIandbecomepartofourinformationinfrastructure.Without

appropriateaction,IDfraudasweknowittodaymaybecomeameresteppingstoneona

coursetoevengreaterabusesofconsumersbylargecompaniesthatarepoliticallywell-

connected.

1、Theauthorarguesthatpeople'spersonalinformation.

maybesuspectedasacompromise

B、mayserveasatemporarypassword

C、canhardlybeauniversalsecretpassword

D^shouldnotbedisclosedtoanyinstitutions

標準答案：C

知識點解析:根據(jù)第一段前兩句"Thebestsolutionistostoppretendingthatpeople's

personalinformation...constitutesauniversalsecretpassword.Thephrase4universal

secret'isanoxymoron"，C應(yīng)為答案。

2、BysayingMsomeoneworthhissalt",theauthorreferstosomeone.

A、doinghisjobwell

B、muchknowledgeable

C^deservingmorecredit

D^ordinaryandindustrious

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)第二段第一句"AnyComputerSciencestudentworthhissaltwilltell

younottouseyourSocialSecurityaccountnumberorbirthdateasapassword”可知，止匕

句中“ComputerSciencestudentworthhissalt”指名副其實的“學(xué)習(xí)計算機科學(xué)的學(xué)

生”。所以，A應(yīng)為答案。

3、Inthefaceofcriminal'sfraudulentbehavior,financialinstitutionsshould.

A、verifytheidentificationofthecustomersphysically

B、makecontactwiththepotentialcustomersviaphone

C>payavisittotheresidenceofeachcustomeratintervals

D、keepintouchwiththeircustomersfrequentlybyallmeans

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)第三段最后兩句"Financialinstitutionsshouldberequired

to'physicallycontact'customerstoestablishidentification.Obviously,thiscouldbe

donethroughhavingpotentialcustomerscomeinforface—to-facemeetings…A應(yīng)

為答案.

4、Thehighriskfbrthefraudulentuseofpersonaldatarootsin.

A、thehiringpracticesprevailingintheU.S.

B、thelackofeffectivepreventivemeasures

C、theenforcementofcurrentimmigrationlaws

D、financialinstitutionsandgovernmentagencies

標準答案：B」「

知識點解析：根據(jù)第三、四、五段中所提到的可以采取的各種措施可知，現(xiàn)在個人

信息被盜用的高風(fēng)險的艱源在于缺乏行之有效的預(yù)防措施，所以，B應(yīng)為答案。

5、TheauthorpointsoutinthetextthatIDfraud.

A、increasesasaresultoftherampantterroristactivities

B、willinevitablyleadtoevengreaterabusesofcustomers

C^canberemarkablyreducedbyadoptingdecisivemeasures

D、occurspredominantlyamongimmigrantsfrompoornations

標準答案：C

知識點解析：作者在第三、四、五段指出了為大幅度減少力Dfraud”可以采取的各

種措施，所以，C應(yīng)為答案。

Changeisinevitable.Itisnotsomethingthatwecanbargainwith.Itisnotsomethingthat

happensonlytootherpeople;changeisreality.Acceptingthistruthissometimesan

excruciatingprocess,andtherearemanywhoneverachieveit;yetchangestilloccurs.At

somepointadecisionneedstobemadethatacceptingchangeisthefirststepinreleasing

theneedforcontrol.Asintelligentasthehumanspeciesis.andyet.thewordintelligence

issubjective,wearenotall-powerful.Howdoesacceptingtheinevitablerealityof

changeproduceasenseoffreedom?Ironically,allowingtruthtobetruth,regardlessof

howwefeelaboutit,canbeliberating.Whenwerealizethatwecannotmanipulate

everythinginourlives,itfreesustostoptrying.Letmepausehereforamomentand

reflectonthatstatement.WhenIsay"westoptrying,"Iamnotinsinuatingthatwedonot

workatbetteringourlives,butthatbyacceptingchange,itfreesustodancewithit,

insteadoffighting.ThisconcepthasbeenstudiedandpracticedformoreyearsthanIcan

count.Ithasrootsintheancientworldbutitholdsastruetodayasitdidthen.Thisshows

thatlife,ashumansknowit,hasnotswervedinthousandsofyears.Thehumancondition

hasnostatuteoflimitations.Aslongasourspeciesexists,soloo,willihehuman

condilion.Sometimes,ithelpstotrulythinkaboutthewayotherlifereactstochange.

Animalsandplantsalsoaresubjecttoitspower,butadaptationhaskeptmanyspecies

alivewhileotherswereextinguished,unabletolivewiththeever-changingworld.Ifwe

applythistoourownlives,theanalogycanbeusedasamaptoshowwhereandhov/we

shiftinordertomovealongwithchange.Perhapsunderstandingchangeandacceptingit

maybealife-longjourney,butfightingitisawasteofprecioustimethatwillnever

return.Learningtobemindfulofthepresentandknowingthatitisallwetrulyhaveisa

gift,kteachesustocherisheachandeverymomenttothebestofourabilityandtopull

fromourinnerstrength,andthosearoundoraboveus,tohelpduringtimesofintense

struggle.Intheend,youwillbewiserandstrengthenedbyexperiencinglifeasanever-

changingadventure.Reineniberthedance;releasethestruggle.

6、Theauthorthinksthatchangeissomethingthat.

A、hasneverbeenarguedabout

B、occursorappearsinvariably

C、makesusintensivelypainful

D^wemakeeveryefforttoavoid

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“Changeisinevitable.Itisnotsomethingthatwecan

bargainwith.Itisnotsomethingthathappensonlytootherpeople；changeisreality”可

知，變化是絕對無法避免的。所以，B應(yīng)為答案。

7、Theauthorarguesthatacceptingchange,

A、isawell-informedoptionforustomake

B、showsthelimitationofourintelligence

C、keepsusfromtryingtoresistitinvain

D、freeseveryonetobetterhislifeatwill

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“Howdoesacceptingtheinevitablerealityofchange

produceasenseoffYeedom?"和"…byacceptingchange,ilfreesustodancewithit,

insteadoffighling”可知，接受變化意味著正視現(xiàn)實，避免許多徒勞無益的嘗試。所

以，C應(yīng)為答案。

8、Bysaying"sotoo,willthehumancondition"inparagraph3,theauthormeansthat

A^humanlifehasnotchangedmucheversince

B>livingconditionshavebeengreatlyimproved

C^thehumanconditionexistsasourspeciesdoes

D、livingwithchangeisastrueasinancienttimes

標準答案：D

知識點解析：“sotoo,willthehumancondition”的意思是"thehumanconditionwill

havenostatuteoflimitations,\根據(jù)上下文，其含義是，人類生活的方向始終沒有改

變，“acceptingchange”這個古老的道理今天依然正確。所以，D應(yīng)為答案。

9、Likeanimalsandplants,humanbeings.

A、adapttotheinevitablechangetosurvive

B、developusefulskillstodealwithchanges

C^areabletounderstandallthechangesinlife

D^surviveinspiteofthechangeseverhappened

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)第四段中的“Animalsandplantsalsoaresubjecttoitspower,but

adaptationhaskeptmanyspeciesalive...Ifwcapplythistoourownlives,theanalogy

canbeusedasamaptoshowwhereandhowweshiftinordertomovealongwith

change”可知，人類和動植物一樣，適應(yīng)變化才能存活。所以，A應(yīng)為答案。

10、Theauthorprimarilyadvisesusto.

A、unlockinnerstrengthtoachieveourgoals

B、becomemoreintelligentandstrengthened

C^havethehighestregardforeachdayinlife

D、adjustourlivestotheever-changingworld

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)全文最后兩句"Intheend,youwillbewiserandstrengthenedby

experiencinglifeasanever-changingadventure.Rememberthedance；releasethe

struggle”可知，本文主要說明，我們必須適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界。所以，D應(yīng)為答

案。

Iwasstudyingphysicsincollege20yearsagothismonth,whentwochemistsatthe

UniversityofUtahpromisedthattheycouldunleashtheenergyofthesuninatesttubeat

roomtemperature,andmeettheentireworld'senergyneedsforeverwithsomecookedup

waterandacoupleofelectrodes.Theexhilarationatthegenesisofthenewscienceof

"coldfusion"fadedfairlyquickly.Scoresofscientistsaroundtheworldtriedandfailed

toreplicatetheUtahscientists'wondrousresults.Irksomephysicistspointedoutthatthe

processthechemistsdescribedviolatedseverallawsofnature.Tome,however,those

headyfewmonthsbringtomindsomethingmorethanthehubristicenthusiasmofsome

overheatedmeninlabcoats.Theexperienceprovidesalastinglessonaboutourfaithin

technologyasthesolutiontoourchallenges,andthecoveritprovidestoavoidhard

choicesonthingslike,say,conservingenergy.It'sawarningaboutthepitfallsofour

unshakeablebeliefinthelimitlesspromiseofourendeavors,regardlessofreality's

constraints.Itisalessonaboutthedangersofourloveaffairwithprogress.

Contemplatingtheeconomicrubblefromourmostrecentparoxysmofenthusiasm,I

wonderwhetherweshoulddosomethingaboutourblindpassions.I'veheardthe

supportingarguments,ofcourse,abouthowoptimismseedstheAmericanDream,

nurturingtheentrepreneurialzealthatsupportsthenation'sprosperity.Andit'struethat

theInternetbubblebequeathedustheInternetasweknowit.I'mtoldoptimismalsohelps

patientsrecoverfromcoronarybypasssurgery.Still,Ican'thelpthinkingthat

repackagingthefutureasabasketfulofpromiseisacon.Recentresearchfromthe

OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmenthasfoundthatthesonofa

poorAmericanfatherhasmorethana40percentchanceofbeingpoorhimself-higher

oddsthanin,say,Britain,NorwayorDenmark.TheincomeofthetypicalAmerican

householdwaslowerin2007thanitwasin1999.ThisaspectoftheAmericanDream

seemslikeadreamonly.[amconfidentthatweshallkeepondreaming,however,

regardlessofthedamagethisperiodicallyinflicts.Ontheanniversaryofthe"discovery"

inUtah20yearsago,aNavychemistbreathlesslyannouncedtoameetingofthe

AmericanChemicalSocietyinSaltLakeCitythatherlabhadnailedit,finally,finding

"significant"evidenceofcoldfusion.Nowtheycallthephenomenona"low-energy

nuclearreaction",presumablytoovercomethestigma.

11、TheUtahscientists.

A、pioneeredthenewscienceof"coldfusion"

B、releasedthesolarenergyatroomtemperature

C、failedtohavetheirdiscoveryverifiedandaccepted

D、ignoredsomefundamentallawsofnatureintheirresearch

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“Scoresofscientists...triedandfailedtoreplicatethe

Utahscientists'wondrousresults.Irksomephysicistspointedoutthattheprocessthe

chemistsdescribedviolatedseverallawsofnature”,C應(yīng)為答案。

12、Theauthorarguesthat.

A、theconstrainsinrealitycanneverbeneglected

Bxtechnologyisthesolesolutiontoourproblems

C、hardchoicesonchallengesinlifearcinevitable

D、dangersarelatentinanykindofhumanprogress

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)第三段中的“Theexperienceprovidesalastinglesson

about...energy.It'sawarningaboutthepitfallsof...constraints.Itisalessonaboutthe

dangersofourloveaffairwithprogress"，D應(yīng)為答案。

13、Theauthorthinksthatoptimism.

A、ispossiblynotdeterminedbyreason

B、helpsusrecoverfromriskysurgery

C、supportstheprosperityofanation

D、breedstheAmericanswithDream

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)第四段第一句中的"...Iwonderwhetherweshoulddosomething

aboutourblindpassions”和第五段第一句中的“…repackagingthefutureasabasketful

ofpromiseisacon”,A應(yīng)為答案。

14、ThefactthattheincomeofthetypicalAmericanhouseholdfellshowsthat.

A、thesonofapoorAmericanfatherismostlikelytobepoor

B、theAmericanDreamisonlyadreamformanyAmericans

C、dreaminginflictsmuchdamageoneconomicdevelopment

D、theeconomiccrisisinAmericaresultsfromblindpassions

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)第五段中的“…repackagingthefutureasabasketfulofpromiseisa

con”和“ThisaspectoftheAmericanDreamseemslikeadreamonly"，B應(yīng)為答案c

15、Thebesttitleforthistextshouldbe.

A、ThePerilsofProgress

B、TheDreamsUnrealized

C、ThePitfallsofTechnology

D、TheLossofFaithinScience

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本文以頭兩段描述的冷聚變失敗為例，說明第三段最后二句的論點

“Itisalessonaboutthedangersofourloveaffairwithprogress”，本文后三段又從經(jīng)

濟、美國人的夢想等角度論證了這個論點。所以，A應(yīng)為答案。

Tosome,JohnLennon'spianoissacred.Mostmarriedpeopleconsidertheirwedding

ringssacred.Kidswithnonotionofsanctitywillbustalungwailingovertheirlost

blanky.Personalinvestmentininanimateobjectsmightdelicatelybecalled

sentimentality,butwhatelseisitifnotmagicalthinking?There'ssomeinvisiblemeaning

attachedtothesethings:anessence.Aweddingringorachildhoodblanketcouldbe

replacedbyidenticalornear-identicalones,butthoseimpostorsjustwouldn'tbethe

same.Whatmakessomethingsacredisnotitsmaterialmakeupbutitsuniquehistory.

Andwhatevercausesustovalueessenceoverappearancebecomesapparentatanearly

age.PsychologistsBruceHoodatBristolUniversityandPaulBloomatYaleconvinced

kidsages3to6thatthey'dconstructeda"copyingmachine."Thekidswerefinetaking

homeacopyofapieceofpreciousmetalproducedbythemachine,butnotsowitha

cloneofoneofQueenElizabethIPsspoons—theywantedtheoriginal.Inmanyeasesthe

valueofanobjectcomesfromwhoowneditoruseditortouchedit,anexampleof

"magicalcontagion'*.Inone,study,80percentofcollegestudentssaidtherewasatleasta

10percentchancethatdonningoneofMr.Rogers'sweaters,evenwithoutknowingit

washis,wouldendowwearerswithsomeofhis"essence"—improvetheirmoodand

makethemfriendlier.GloriaSteinemoncerelatedatalefrombeforeshewasfamous.

AnothergirlhadseenhertouchmembersoftheBeatles.Inturn,thegirlaskedSteinem

forherautograph.PaulRozinattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandNemeroffcontend

thatmagicalcontagionmayemergefromourevolvedfearofgerms,which,likeessences,

areinvisible,easilytransmissible,andhavefar-reachingconsequences.Wellbefore

humanshadanyconceptofgermtheory,wequarantinedtheillandavoidedtouching

deadbodies.Thedeepintuitionthatmoralorpsychologicalqualitiescanpassbetween

people,orthatanobjectcarriesitshistorywithit,couldjustbeanextensionofthe

adaptivetendencytopaycloseattentiontothepathwaysofillness.Butthatdoesn'tmean

wc'rcgoodatevaluatingsourcesofcontagion.Nemerofffoundthatpeopledrawthe

germsoftheirloversaslessscary-iookingthanthoseofenemies,andtheysaythose

germswouldmakethemlessill.Shealsofoundthatundergradsbasecondomusageon

howemotionally