2025全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試（PETS）二級(jí)試卷：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)編程英語(yǔ)試題

2025全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試（PETS）二級(jí)試卷：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)編程英語(yǔ)試題考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項(xiàng)選擇題要求：從下列各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。1.TheInternetofThings(IoT)isanetworkofdevicesthatare_________totheinternetandcanbecontrolledremotely.A.connectedB.linkedC.associatedD.joined2.InanIoTsystem,sensorsareusedto_________datafromthephysicalworld.A.gatherB.collectC.accumulateD.assemble3._________isakeytechnologythatenablesdevicestocommunicatewitheachotherinanIoTsystem.A.RadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)B.NearFieldCommunication(NFC)C.BluetoothD.Wi-Fi4._________isaprogramminglanguagecommonlyusedfordevelopingIoTapplications.A.JavaB.PythonC.C++D.JavaScript5.AnIoTdevicetypicallyconsistsof_________components.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five6._________isaprotocolusedfordatacommunicationinanIoTsystem.A.HTTPB.MQTTC.FTPD.SMTP7.Theprocessof_________datafromanIoTdevicetoacloudserverisknownasdataaggregation.A.transferringB.sendingC.deliveringD.forwarding8._________isanexampleofanIoTapplicationthatusessensorstomonitorenvironmentalconditions.A.SmarthomeB.SmartcityC.SmartgridD.Smartfactory9.InanIoTsystem,datasecurityisamajorconcernduetothe_________ofsensitiveinformation.A.exposureB.revelationC.disclosureD.revelation10._________isatechniqueusedtoprotectdatatransmittedovertheinternetinanIoTsystem.A.EncryptionB.DecryptionC.HashingD.Compression二、閱讀理解題要求：閱讀下列短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。Inrecentyears,theInternetofThings(IoT)hasbecomeanincreasinglypopulartechnologyinvariousindustries.Itinvolvesconnectingdevicestotheinternet,allowingthemtocommunicatewitheachotherandcollectdata.Thistechnologyhasnumerousapplications,includingsmarthomes,smartcities,andsmartfactories.OneofthekeycomponentsofanIoTsystemisthesensor.Sensorsaredevicesthatcandetectandmeasurephysicalquantitiessuchastemperature,humidity,pressure,andmotion.Theyareusedtogatherdatafromthephysicalworldandtransmitittootherdevicesorsystems.AnotherimportantaspectofIoTisthecommunicationprotocol.ThereareseveralprotocolsavailablefordatacommunicationinanIoTsystem,suchasHTTP,MQTT,andCoAP.Theseprotocolsensurethatdevicescanexchangedataefficientlyandsecurely.DataaggregationisanothercriticalprocessinanIoTsystem.Itinvolvescollectingandprocessingdatafrommultiplesourcestoprovidevaluableinsightsandenableinformeddecision-making.Thisprocessoftenrequirestheuseofcloudcomputingandbigdataanalytics.SecurityisamajorconcerninIoTsystemsduetothepotentialforunauthorizedaccessanddatabreaches.Toaddressthis,varioussecuritymeasuresareimplemented,includingencryption,authentication,andaccesscontrol.Now,answerthefollowingquestions:11.WhatisthemainpurposeofsensorsinanIoTsystem?12.ListthreecommunicationprotocolsusedinanIoTsystem.13.Whatistheprocessofcollectingandprocessingdatafrommultiplesourcescalled?14.WhyissecurityamajorconcerninIoTsystems?15.NameonesecuritymeasureimplementedinIoTsystems.四、完形填空題要求：閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TheInternetofThings(IoT)hasrevolutionizedthewayweinteractwiththeworldaroundus.Ithasenabledthecreationofsmartdevicesthatcancommunicatewitheachotherandprovideuswithvaluabledata.However,thesuccessofIoTreliesheavilyontheabilityofthesedevicestoconnecttotheinternetandexchangeinformationsecurely.ThefirststepinbuildinganIoTsystemistoselecttherighthardwarecomponents.Thistypicallyincludessensors,microcontrollers,andconnectivitymodules.Sensorsareusedtocollectdatafromtheenvironment,whilemicrocontrollersprocessthisdataandmakedecisionsbasedonit.Connectivitymodules,suchasWi-FiorBluetooth,allowthesedevicestoconnecttotheinternet.OneofthechallengesinIoTisensuringthatdevicescancommunicatewitheachotherreliably.Thisrequirestheuseofcommunicationprotocolsthatarebothefficientandsecure.MQTT(MessageQueuingTelemetryTransport)isapopularprotocolforIoTapplicationsduetoitslightweightnatureandlowbandwidthrequirements.Oncedataiscollectedandprocessed,itneedstobetransmittedtoacentralserverorcloudplatformforfurtheranalysis.Thisprocessisknownasdataaggregation.Itisessentialtoimplementproperdataaggregationtechniquestoensurethatthedataisaccurateandup-to-date.SecurityisacriticalaspectofanyIoTsystem.Withtheincreasingnumberofconnecteddevices,theriskofcyberattacksalsorises.Tomitigatetheserisks,severalsecuritymeasuresshouldbeimplemented.Theseincludeencryptionofdataintransitandatrest,strongauthenticationmechanisms,andregularsoftwareupdates.Now,readthefollowingpassageandcompletetheblankswiththemostappropriateoptions.TheInternetofThings(IoT)isanetworkof_16_devicesthatare_17_totheinternet.Thesedevicescan_18_dataand_19_witheachother,makingthemaninvaluabletoolfor_20_variousapplications.16.A.independentB.dependentC.similarD.diverse17.A.connectedB.disconnectedC.associatedD.detached18.A.collectB.transmitC.processD.analyze19.A.interactB.communicateC.connectD.exchange20.A.implementingB.executingC.developingD.designing五、翻譯題要求：將下列句子從英語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。1.TheInternetofThings(IoT)istransformingthewaywelive,work,andplay.2.Withtheadvancementoftechnology,IoTdevicesarebecomingmoreaffordableandaccessible.3.SensortechnologyisacrucialcomponentofIoTsystems,enablingthemtocollectandprocessvastamountsofdata.4.DatasecurityisatoppriorityinIoT,assensitiveinformationcanbecompromisedifnotproperlyprotected.5.ThefutureofIoTliesintheseamlessintegrationofdevices,enablingasmarter,moreconnectedworld.六、簡(jiǎn)答題要求：根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)，簡(jiǎn)要回答下列問(wèn)題。1.WhatarethemaincomponentsofanIoTsystem?2.WhatistheroleofsensorsinanIoTsystem?3.ExplaintheimportanceofcommunicationprotocolsinIoT.4.HowcandataaggregationbeachievedinanIoTsystem?5.WhataresomecommonsecuritymeasuresimplementedinIoTsystems?本次試卷答案如下：一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.A.connected解析：根據(jù)句意，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)（IoT）是一個(gè)連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，因此選擇A項(xiàng)“connected”。2.B.collect解析：根據(jù)句意，傳感器用于從物理世界收集數(shù)據(jù)，因此選擇B項(xiàng)“collect”。3.B.Bluetooth解析：在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中，藍(lán)牙是一種用于設(shè)備間通信的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，因此選擇B項(xiàng)“Bluetooth”。4.B.Python解析：Python是一種常用于開發(fā)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的編程語(yǔ)言，因此選擇B項(xiàng)“Python”。5.B.three解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備通常由傳感器、微控制器和連接模塊三個(gè)主要組件組成，因此選擇B項(xiàng)“three”。6.B.MQTT解析：MQTT是一種用于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)通信的協(xié)議，因此選擇B項(xiàng)“MQTT”。7.A.transferring解析：將數(shù)據(jù)從物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備傳輸?shù)皆品?wù)器的過(guò)程稱為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，因此選擇A項(xiàng)“transferring”。8.A.Smarthome解析：智能家居是一個(gè)使用傳感器來(lái)監(jiān)控環(huán)境條件的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用示例，因此選擇A項(xiàng)“Smarthome”。9.A.exposure解析：由于敏感信息可能被泄露，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)安全是一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題，因此選擇A項(xiàng)“exposure”。10.A.Encryption解析：加密是用于保護(hù)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)囊环N技術(shù)，因此選擇A項(xiàng)“Encryption”。二、閱讀理解題11.SensorsinanIoTsystemareusedtocollectdatafromtheenvironment,whichisthenprocessedandusedtomakedecisionsorprovidevaluableinsights.解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中的傳感器用于收集環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)隨后被處理并用于做出決策或提供有價(jià)值的見(jiàn)解。12.ThecommunicationprotocolsusedinanIoTsystemincludeHTTP,MQTT,andCoAP.解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中使用的通信協(xié)議包括HTTP、MQTT和CoAP。13.Theprocessofcollectingandprocessingdatafrommultiplesourcesiscalleddataaggregation.解析：從多個(gè)來(lái)源收集和處理數(shù)據(jù)的過(guò)程稱為數(shù)據(jù)聚合。14.SecurityisamajorconcerninIoTsystemsduetothepotentialforunauthorizedaccessanddatabreaches,whichcanleadtothecompromiseofsensitiveinformation