數(shù)字時代著作權(quán)集體管理的新挑戰(zhàn)與對策

數(shù)字時代著作權(quán)集體管理的新挑戰(zhàn)與對策NewChallengesandSolutionsfor

Collective

Managementof

Copyright

in

the

Digital

Age大綱

|Outline數(shù)字環(huán)境下集體管理制度面臨的

02

挑戰(zhàn)

|Challengestocollectivemanagementsystems

inthedigitalenvironment域外著作權(quán)集體管理制度的比較考察

|Acomparativeexamination

of

copyrightcollective

managementsystems

inothercountries04

對策

|Solutions 01

背景

|

Background031ppt1ppt1ppt1ppt1ppt1ppt1ppt1.

[實踐論]：數(shù)字環(huán)境下應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)還是削弱集體管理制度？為什么？[Praxis]:Shouldcollective

managementsystems

bestrengthenedorweakened

inthe

digital

environment?Why?反思的因由：究竟是運用數(shù)字技術(shù)加強(qiáng)集體管理，還是數(shù)字技術(shù)可能取代集體管理？

Causesfor

reflection:Aredigitaltechnologies

more

likelytostrengthencollectivemanagementor

replace

it?2.

[本體論]：集體管理制度只是中介組織還是有更多元的社會功能？[Ontology]:Arecollective

managementsystems

merelyintermediaryorganizations,or

do

they

have

morediversesocialfunctions?3.

[價值論]:集體管理的功能和價值目標(biāo)應(yīng)當(dāng)是什么？3.

[Valuetheory]:Whatshould

bethefunctionsandvalueobjectives

of

collective

management?4.

[立法論]:集體管理的立法方向？[Legislativetheory]:Whatisthe

legislativedirectionforcollective

management?問題導(dǎo)向的思考

|

Problem-Oriented

Thinking?國內(nèi)政策背景：國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)強(qiáng)國建設(shè)綱要Domestic

Policy

Background:Outline

toBoostChina’s

CompetitivenessintheAreaofIntellectualProperty?國際背景：

|

International

Background:RCEP第十三條

集體管理組織

|

RCEPArticle

11.13

CollectiveManagementOrganizations技術(shù)背景：大數(shù)據(jù)，人工智能，元宇宙NFTTechnical

background:

bigdata,artificial

intelligence,

metaverse

NFT我國理論與現(xiàn)實背景：集體管理制度的地位和作用Theoreticaland

practical

background

inChina:thestatusand

roles

ofthe

collective

managementsystem一、背景

|

Background解讀：

|

Interpretations:1、對集體管理制度的肯定和重視；科學(xué)的、實事求是的；

|Appreciateandvaluethecollective

management

system,andtakeasound

and

programatic

approach;2、集體管理制度是知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度的重要組成部分；|Thecollective

managementsystem

isan

important

partofthe

intellectual

property

protectionsystem;3、

國家一方面要加強(qiáng)對集體管理組織的支持，另一方面要加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管。

How?Why?TheStateshouldfurthersupportcollective

management

organizations,while

strengthen

supervision.

How?

Why?最高人民法院法官：妥善維護(hù)，

2021年中國法學(xué)會知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法學(xué)研究會年會

|SPCJustice:propersafeguard,

the

2021Annual

Meetingofthe

Intellectual

Property

LawAssociationoftheChina

Law

Society《知識產(chǎn)權(quán)強(qiáng)國建設(shè)綱要（2021－2035年）》Outline

toBoostChina'sCompetitivenessintheAreaof

IntellectualProperty

(2021-2035)精神解讀

|

InterpretationsofGuiding

Principles（十）健全統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、銜接順暢、快速高效的協(xié)同保護(hù)格局……完善著作權(quán)集體管理制度，加強(qiáng)對著作權(quán)集體

管理組織的支持和監(jiān)管。

|

10.

Improvingthecollaborative

protectionsystemwith

unified

leadership,seamlessconnectivity,and

rapidandefficient

implementation

…Wewill

improvethe

copyright

collective

managementsystem,andstrengthenthesupport

forandsupervisionof

copyrightcollective

management

organizations.

舊著作權(quán)法

|Former

Copyright

Law新著作權(quán)法

|

Amended

Copyright

Law著作權(quán)人和與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的權(quán)利人可以授權(quán)著作

權(quán)集體管理組織行使著作權(quán)或者與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的

權(quán)利。著作權(quán)集體管理組織被授權(quán)后，可以以自

己的名義為著作權(quán)人和與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的權(quán)利人主

張權(quán)利，并可以作為當(dāng)事人進(jìn)行涉及著作權(quán)或者與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的權(quán)利的訴訟、仲裁活動。Copyrightownersandtheobligees

relatedtocopyright

mayauthorizeacollective

managementorganizationofcopyrighttoexercisethecopyrightorthe

rights

relatedtocopyright.Thecollectivemanagementorganizationofcopyright

may,after著作權(quán)人和與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的權(quán)利人可以授權(quán)著作權(quán)集體管理組織行使著作權(quán)或者與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的權(quán)

利。依法設(shè)立的著作權(quán)集體管理組織是非營利法人，被授權(quán)后可以以自己的名義為著作權(quán)人和與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的權(quán)利人主張權(quán)利，并可以作為當(dāng)事人進(jìn)行涉及著作權(quán)或者與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的權(quán)利的

訴訟、仲裁、調(diào)解活動。|Copyrightownersandtheobligees

relatedtocopyright

may

authorize

acollective

managementorganizationofcopyrighttoexercisethecopyright

orthe

rights

relatedtocopyright.Asa

not-for-profitlegal

person,acollectivemanagementorganization

of

copyrights

lawfullyformed

may,withauthorization,claim

rights

in

itsown

namefora

copyright

owner

and

a

copyright-related

right

holder,and

may,asa

partyconcerned,

participatein

the

litigation,

arbitration,

and

mediationactivities

involvedwithcopyrightorthe

rights

relatedtocopyright.著作權(quán)集體管理組織根據(jù)授權(quán)向使用者收取使用費。使用費的收取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由著作權(quán)集體管理組織

和使用者代表協(xié)商確定，協(xié)商不成的，可以向國家著作權(quán)主管部門申請裁決，對裁決不服的，beingauthorized,claimrightsin

its

own

name

forthecopyrightownersandtheobligees

relatedtocopyright,and

may,asa

partyconcerned,

participate

inthe

litigationandarbitrationactivities

involvedwithcopyrightorthe

rights

relatedtocopyright.可以向人民法院提起訴訟；當(dāng)事人也可以直接向人民法院提起訴訟。

|A

collective

managementorganizationofcopyrightsshallcollectroyaltiesfromusers

based

onthe

authorization.Thestandardsforthecollectionofroyaltiesshall

bedeterminedbythe

collective

management

organization

ofcopyrightsandthe

user

representativethroughnegotiation.Ifthenegotiationfails,the

parties

mayapplytothecopyrightauthorityofthestatefora

ruling.Ifthey

refuseto

accept

a

ruling,they

mayinstitutea

lawsuitwiththe

people'scourt;andthe

partiesmaydirectlyinstitutea

lawsuitwiththe著作權(quán)集體管理組織是非營利性組織，其設(shè)立

方式、權(quán)利義務(wù)、著作權(quán)許可使用費的收取和分配，以及對其監(jiān)督和管理等由國務(wù)院另行規(guī)定people'scourtaswell.著作權(quán)集體管理組織應(yīng)當(dāng)將使用費的收取和轉(zhuǎn)付、管理費的提取和使用、使用費的未分配部分

等總體情況定期向社會公布，并應(yīng)當(dāng)建立權(quán)利信息查詢系統(tǒng)，供權(quán)利人和使用者查詢。國家著

作權(quán)主管部門應(yīng)當(dāng)依法對著作權(quán)集體管理組織進(jìn)行監(jiān)督、管理。

|A

collective

managementAcollectivemanagementorganizationofcopyright

shall

bea

non-profitorganization,andthe

methodof

itsestablishment,its

rightsandobligations,thecollectionanddistributionofthe

royaltyforcopyright

licensing,aswellasthesupervision

and

managementoveritshall

beseparately

provided

bytheStateCouncil.organizationofcopyrightsshalldisclosethecollectionandtransferof

royalties,thewithdrawaland

useofmanagementfees,theunallocated

royalties,andother

overall

situationtothe

public

on

a

regularbasis,andestablisha

rightsinformationinquirysystemfor

inquiry

by

right

owners,

right

holders

andusers.Thecopyrightauthorityofthestateshallsuperviseand

manage

collective

managementorganizationsofcopyrightsinaccordancewiththe

law.著作權(quán)集體管理組織的設(shè)立方式、權(quán)利義務(wù)、使用費的收取和分配，以及對其監(jiān)督和管理等由國務(wù)院另行規(guī)定。|

Forcollective

managementorganizationsofcopyrights,their

methodsofformation,rightsandobligations,andcollectionanddistributionof

royalties,

as

well

as

supervision

over

and

management

ofthemshall

beseparately

prescribed

bytheStateCouncil.6?1.

明確著作權(quán)集體管理組織的非營利性法人地位，銜接民法典有關(guān)規(guī)定。

|

Clarifythe

status

of

copyright

collective

managementorganizationsas

non-profit

legal

persons,in

linewiththe

relevant

provisionsoftheCivil

Code.?2.增加集體管理組織的調(diào)解權(quán)能，發(fā)揮集體管理組織在糾紛解決中的主觀能動性。

|Strengthenthe

mediationfunctionofcollective

managementorganizationsandgivefull

playtothe

initiativeofcollective

management

organizations

in

dispute

resolution.?3.尊重市場自治，通過對作品使用費協(xié)商程序的設(shè)置，提高市場自主性。

|

Respect

and

enhance

market

self-regulation

through

negotiation

proceduresfor

royalties.?4.增強(qiáng)透明度：從法律層面對集體管理組織權(quán)利查詢、費用明細(xì)公布的職責(zé)作出規(guī)定。使用費的未分配部分等總體情況定期向社會公布，并應(yīng)當(dāng)建立權(quán)利信息查詢系統(tǒng)，供權(quán)利人和使用者查詢。

國家著作權(quán)主管部門應(yīng)當(dāng)依法對著作權(quán)集體管理組織進(jìn)行監(jiān)督、管理。

|

Enhancetransparency:Stipulate

by

lawthedutiesofcollective

managementorganizationsto

receive

rights

inquiriesand

publishfeedetails.Theoverallsituation,includingthe

unallocated

royalties,should

be

regularlydisclosedtothe

public,anda

rightsinformation

inquirysystem

should

be

set

upfor

inquiry

by

right

owners,

rightholdersand

users.ThecopyrightauthorityoftheStateshallsupervise

and

manage

collective

management

organizations

ofcopyrightsinaccordancewiththe

law.新法修訂的亮點和意義HighlightsandSignificanceofthe

NewAmendment?“一、每一締約方應(yīng)當(dāng)致力于促進(jìn)建立適當(dāng)?shù)慕M織對著作權(quán)及相關(guān)權(quán)利進(jìn)行集體管理。每一締約方應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵此類組織以公平、高效、公開透明和對其成員負(fù)責(zé)的方式運作，包括公開和透明地記錄許可使用費的收取和分配。

|

1.

Each

Partyshall

endeavourtofostertheestablishment

ofappropriate

organisationsfor

the

collective

managementofcopyrightand

related

rights.

Each

Partyshall

encouragesuch

organisations

tooperate

ina

mannerthat

isfair,

efficient,

publiclytransparent,andaccountable

to

their

members,

which

may

includeopenandtransparent

record

keepingofthecollection

and

distribution

of

royalties.?二、締約方認(rèn)識到促進(jìn)各自集體管理組織間合作的重要性，以相互確保締約方之間更容易地許可內(nèi)容，并鼓勵相互轉(zhuǎn)讓使用另一締約方國民的作品或其他受著作權(quán)保護(hù)的主體的許可使用費。

|2.The

Partiesrecognisethe

importanceoffosteringcooperation

betweentheir

respective

collective

managementorganisationsforthe

purposesof

mutuallyensuringeasier

licensing

of

content

amongthe

Parties,

as

well

as

encouraging

mutualtransferof

royaltiesfor

useofworksor

other

copyright-protected

subject

matters

of

the

nationalsofanother

Party.?評:集體管理制度保護(hù)和實現(xiàn)權(quán)利人利益,促進(jìn)作品跨國交易和傳播

|

Commentary:

Collective

management

systems

protectand

realizethe

interests

of

right

holdersandfacilitatethetransnational

trade

anddisseminationofworks.International

Background:

RCEPArticle

11.13Collective

ManagementOrganizations國際背景：RCEP

第十三條

集體管理組織?

技術(shù)背景：大數(shù)據(jù)，人工智能，元宇宙NFTTechnical

background:

bigdata,artificial

intelligence,

metaverse

NFT?

消費者獲取音樂的方式發(fā)生了變化，流媒體Changes

inconsumers’accessto

music,streaming

media?我國理論與現(xiàn)實背景：集體管理制度的地位和作用Theoreticaland

practical

background

inChina:thestatusand

roles

ofthe

collective

managementsystem?理論界對集體管理制度的功能認(rèn)識不一

|

Differences

intheoretical

understandingoffunctionsofthecollective

managementsystem?司法實踐判決不一：“非法集體管理”

、“非會員權(quán)利人”與集體管理組織維權(quán)判賠

|Mixeddecisions

injudicial

practice:“unlawfulcollective

management,”

“non-member

right

holders,”andtheawardofdamagesto

collective

management

organizations

in

defense

of

their

rights二、數(shù)字環(huán)境下著作權(quán)集體管理的新挑戰(zhàn)II.ChallengestoCollective

ManagementSystemsinthe

Digital

Environment傳統(tǒng)環(huán)境V.數(shù)字環(huán)境Traditionalenvironmentv.digitalenvironmentCMO的功能Functionsof

CMO曲庫Musiclibrary使用者Users卡拉OK/咖啡廳等Karaoke

bars,cafés,

etc.分散的眾多權(quán)利人Numerous

rightholders作詞、作曲、表演者、錄音制作者Lyricists,composers,performers,soundproducers集體管理的運行框架:碎片化權(quán)利的集中行使橋梁

|Operational

Frameworkof

Collective

Management:

BridgestoCentralized

Exercisesof

Fragmented

Rights分配收入|

Incomeallocation許可使用收費LicensingfeesCMO

集體管理制度的正當(dāng)性

JustificationsfortheCollective

ManagementSystem?聯(lián)結(jié)版權(quán)權(quán)利人與使用者的橋梁：授權(quán)他人合法使用作品Connectcopyright

holders

and

users:Authorizeothersto

legally

useworks?

D

Gervais:CMO影響文化產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量DGervais:

CMOinfluencesthequantity

andquality

of

culturalproducts?降低管理成本：應(yīng)對權(quán)利的碎片化CMO

一站式授權(quán)Reducing

administrative

costs:Addressthefragmentationof

rights

byCMOone-stop-shop

licensing（1）管理權(quán)利人難以行使的權(quán)利，為創(chuàng)作者獲得補償提供切實可行的機(jī)制；|

Manage

rightsthat

are

difficultfor

right

holderstoexercise

and

provide

practical

mechanismsforcreators

to

obtain

remuneration;（2）是版權(quán)體系的重要內(nèi)容，是對權(quán)利單個行使的補充；

|As

important

elements

ofthe

copyrightsystem,

complementthe

individualexerciseof

rights;（3）作為權(quán)利人和使用者之間的橋梁，為獲取作品和支付報酬提供便利；（RCEP第13條）

|Act

asbridges

between

right

holdersand

users,facilitating

accesstoworks

and

paymentof

remuneration;

(RECPArticle

11.13)（4）公益職能：提供社會、文化和推廣服務(wù)（保障人權(quán)維度），

如哥倫比亞

|

public

interestfunctions:

providesocial,culturaland

promotionalservices

(to

safeguard

human

rights),

e.g.

ColombiaDGervais

(p6):CMO發(fā)展到監(jiān)督遵守版權(quán)的情況、打擊盜版及履行各種社會和文化職能。

|

DGervais

(p6):

The

roleofCMOs

hasevolvedto

oversee

copyrightcompliance,

fight

piracy,

and

perform

various

social

andculturalfunctions.小結(jié)：集體管理從市場自發(fā)機(jī)制演變成立法認(rèn)可的多功能社會機(jī)制

|Summary:Collective

management

has

evolvedfromaspontaneous

market

mechanismtoa

multifunctional

social

mechanism

recognized

by

law.集體管理組織的作用RolesofCollective

ManagementOrganizationsDanielGervais數(shù)字環(huán)境下的新挑戰(zhàn)

|

NewChallenges

inthe

Digital

Environment?舊的侵權(quán)形式仍在，改編制成有聲讀物、衍生品開發(fā)等，卡拉OK

|

Oldformsof

infringementstill

exist,

suchasadaptation

intoaudiobooks,development

of

derivatives,

etc.,

and

karaoke.?新的侵權(quán)花樣頻出：網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播

盜播

合成改編

洗稿

數(shù)字音樂供下載

利用人工智能模仿等

|

Newinfringement

methodsemergeconstantly:webcasting,

pirated

broadcasting,synthesizing,adapting,

copywriting,digital

musicfordownloading,

usingAIto

imitate,

etc.新的技術(shù)、新的作品使用場景和模式：機(jī)遇還是挑戰(zhàn)？|

Newtechnologies,

newscenariosand

modesof

useofworks:opportunitiesor

challenges?CMO

自身的碎片化問題：沒有一個組織能夠授權(quán)所有版權(quán)，沒有全球性版權(quán)的授權(quán)，特別是沒有線上使用

的全球性CMO授權(quán)；

|

IssueofCMOfragmentation:

nooneorganization

can

license

all

copyrights;

there

is

noglobalcopyright

licensing,specifically,

noglobalCMO

licensingfor

online

use法律責(zé)任問題：網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺版權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任不清，免費模式普遍

|

Issue

of

legal

liability:

unclear

liabilityfor

copyright

infringementononline

platforms,andfree

use

is

prevalent透明度問題

|Transparency

issues使用費分配不均的問題|

Issueof

unequaldistributionof

royalties三、域外集體管理制度的比較考察III.A

Comparative

Examination

of

CopyrightCollective

ManagementSystems

inOtherCountries“2018年美國出臺《音樂現(xiàn)代化法案》，包含《音樂許可現(xiàn)代化法案》（MMA法案）、《作品對社會有重要貢獻(xiàn)的藝

術(shù)家遺產(chǎn)補償法案》（CLASSICS法案）以及《音樂制作人分配法案》（AMP法案）三部分獨立內(nèi)容。美國《音樂現(xiàn)代

化法案》生效后，建立和運行新的集體管理組織MLC（Mechanical

Licensing

Collective）統(tǒng)合了代表詞曲著作權(quán)的集體管理組織和代表鄰接權(quán)唱片公司的機(jī)制。全面規(guī)定了強(qiáng)制許可的收費制度?！癐n2018,the

U.S.

introducedThe

MusicModernizationAct,which

isdivided

intothree

keytitles:

MusicalWorks

Modernization

Act

(the

MMAAct);

ClassicsProtection

andAccessAct

(the

CLASSICSAct),andAllocationfor

Music

ProducersAct

(the

AMPAct).

After

the

MusicModernizationActcame

intoeffect,a

new

collective

management

organization,the

Mechanical

Licensing

Collective

(MLC),

wasestablished.The

MLC

integratesthe

mechanismofcollective

managementorganizations

which

represents

songwriter‘s

copyrightsandthe

mechanismof

record

labelswhich

represents

neighboring

rights.A

comprehensive

royalty

systemforstatutory

licensingwasalsoestablished.區(qū)別于歐盟的制度設(shè)計在于，《音樂現(xiàn)代化法案》只規(guī)定了一家管理組織且是非營利性的，不像歐盟有三家營

利性的集體管理公司，能夠最大程度保證詞曲作者和唱片公司取得盡可能多的許可費。如果數(shù)字音樂平臺和MLC之間

對于費率有異議，可以先協(xié)商，然后到美國版權(quán)局下屬的仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行費率仲裁，如果仍無法解決，可到法院尋求司

法救濟(jì)?！?/p>

|

Unlikethe

European

Union,which

hasthreefor-profitcollective

managementcompanies,

the

MusicModernizationAct

providesforonlyone

managementorganization

which

is

non-profit,

ensuringthat

songwriters

andrecord

labels

receivethe

maximumamountof

royalties

possible.

Ifthere

isa

disagreement

about

rates

between

a

digitalmusic

platformand

MLC,they

may

negotiate

betweenthemselvesfirstandthen

go

to

CopyrightArbitration

Royalty

Panels

underthe

U.S.Copyright

Office.

Ifthe

issuestillcannot

be

resolved,they

cango

to

court

to

seekjudicial

relief.”美國

|

U.S.“集體管理組織通過使數(shù)量最小和人氣較低的作品庫能夠進(jìn)入市場并為權(quán)利人和公眾利益提

供社會、

文化和教育服務(wù)的方式，為促進(jìn)文化表現(xiàn)形式的豐富多彩發(fā)揮著并應(yīng)繼續(xù)發(fā)揮重要作用”

|Collective

management

organisations

play,and

should

continue

to

play,

an

importantroleas

promoters

ofthe

diversityofculturalexpression,

both

by

enablingthe

smallest

and

less

popular

repertoirestoaccessthe

marketand

by

providingsocial,

cultural

and

educationalservicesforthe

benefitoftheir

rightholdersandthe

public.哥倫比亞《集體管理組織條例》第2條

|Columbia

Decree

No.

3942of

October

25,

2010onCollective

ManagementofCopyrightsand

Related

Rights

andOther

Provisions,Art.

2“促進(jìn)智力生產(chǎn)和國家文化的改善”|

“contribute

to

the

promotion

of

intellectual

productionandthe

improvementofthe

nationalculture”歐盟《集體權(quán)利管理與在線使用音樂作品權(quán)利的跨境許可指令》2014/26/ECEU

Directive

2014/26/EC

on

Collective

Management

of

Copyright

and

Related

Rights

and

Multi-

Territorial

Licensingof

Rights

in

MusicalWorksforOnline

Use

inthe

Internal

Market前言3|

Preamble

(3)歐盟第2019/970號《數(shù)字化單一市場版權(quán)指令》

|

EU

Directive

2019/970on

Copyright

and

Related

Rights

inthe

DigitalSingle

Market

第17條規(guī)定：線上交易平臺獲得版權(quán)許可的義務(wù)，備受爭議Article

17sets

outtheobligationofonlinetrading

platforms

to

obtain

copyright

licenses,

whichhas

drawn

muchcontroversy.第17條：“在線內(nèi)容共享服務(wù)提供商存儲和提供大量作品訪問權(quán)限”，應(yīng)對其托管（host）的內(nèi)容

的直接責(zé)任。Article

17:“Anonlinecontent-sharingservice

providerstores

andgives

access

to

a

large

amount

of

copyright-protectedcontent,”andshall

beardirect

responsibility

overthe

content

it

hosts.學(xué)者認(rèn)為，集體管理組織可能是解決新指令中復(fù)雜義務(wù)的關(guān)鍵。為此，CMO要成為更好的調(diào)解者和談判者。

|Scholars

believethat

collective

managementorganizations

may

be

key

insolvingtheconvolutedobligationsofthe

new

Directive.

Inorderto

doso,

it

is

imperative

that

CMOs

become

better

mediatorsand

negotiators.E.I.P.R.2020,42(5),

272-280AlinaTrapova,

Revivingcollective

management:will

CMOs

becomethetrue

mediatorstheyought

to

be

in

the

digitalsingle

market?工具包，第7頁，“最佳指南”|TheToolkit,

Page

17,

“Good

PracticeTools”CMO

“在其職責(zé)范圍內(nèi)并為所代表的權(quán)利人的利益，CMO可開展活動提高公眾對版權(quán)及

相關(guān)權(quán)、集體權(quán)利管理和集體管理組織的認(rèn)識，并更加認(rèn)識到它們對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化多樣

性，包括其文化和社會活動產(chǎn)生的積極影響?！薄癢ithin

thelimits

of

its

mandates

and

in

the

interest

of

theRightholdersitrepresents,

a

CMO

may

engage

in

activities

aimed

at

increasing

public

awareness

about

copyright

and

related

rights,

collective

rights

management

and

CMOs,

as

well

as

highlighting

evidence

oftheir

positive

effectonthenational

economyand

on

culturaldiversity,including

itscultural

and

socialactivities.”世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織工具包WIPOGood

PracticeToolkitforCollective

ManagementOrganizations（1）

自發(fā)秩序（法國咖啡館，行業(yè)規(guī)約）到法定秩序

|

Fromspontaneousorder

(French

cafés,

industry

norms)tostatutory

order（2）CMO從單純的收費分配機(jī)制到多功能的版權(quán)保護(hù)機(jī)制

|CMOsevolvefrom

pure

royaltydistribution

mechanismsto

multi-functionalcopyright

protection

mechanisms.(3)法律規(guī)制逐步精細(xì)化，從外部規(guī)制向內(nèi)外兼制轉(zhuǎn)變，加強(qiáng)內(nèi)部治理

|

Legal

regulationsarefine-tuned

overtime,turningfromexternal

regulationto

both

internaland

external

regulation,

and

internal

governance

is

strengthened.（4）在數(shù)字環(huán)境下，現(xiàn)代CMO應(yīng)該是一個“數(shù)據(jù)處理協(xié)會”。

|

Inthedigital

environment,

a

modernCMOshould

bea

“data

processingassociation.”隨著版權(quán)的碎片化，集中的CMO具有明顯的效率優(yōu)勢

|Withthefragmentationofcopyrights,a

centralized

CMO

hasobviousadvantages

inefficiency.小結(jié)：集體管理制度的演變Summary：Evolution

of

Collective

Management

Systems歷史視角，三個變化

|

Historical

perspective,threechanges4.1

國家支持集體管理，具體路徑

|Specific

methods

for

the

State

to

support

collective

management1、在適當(dāng)領(lǐng)域引入強(qiáng)制集體管理制度和延伸集體管理制度，如卡拉OK等領(lǐng)域。參見美國音樂現(xiàn)

代化法案，德國立法；（救濟(jì)市場失靈）

|

Introduce

compulsory

collective

management

systemsandextended

collective

management

systems

inappropriateareas,such

as

karaoke

and

other

areas.

See

USMusicModernizationAct,

German

legislation.

(remediesfor

marketfailures)2、侵權(quán)損害賠償，對CMO會員和非會員一視同仁，以CMO使用費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為基準(zhǔn)；

|

In

terms

ofinfringement

damages,treatCMO

members