航天英語試題及答案

航天英語試題及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）

1.Thefirstman-madesatellitetobelaunchedintospacewas________.

A.Sputnik1

B.Apollo11

C.Vostok1

D.Friendship7

2.TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)isacollaborativeprojectinvolvingmultiplecountries,butwhichcountryisnotapartner?

A.Russia

B.China

C.Canada

D.Japan

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotastageofarocket?

A.Firststage

B.Secondstage

C.Thirdstage

D.Fifthstage

4.Theterm"逃逸速度"inEnglishis________.

A.Escapevelocity

B.Orbitalvelocity

C.Terminalvelocity

D.Launchvelocity

5.Whowasthefirstpersontowalkonthemoon?

A.NeilArmstrong

B.BuzzAldrin

C.MichaelCollins

D.YuriGagarin

6.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopewaslaunchedintospacebywhichspaceagency?

A.NASA

B.ESA

C.Roscosmos

D.CNSA

7.Whatisthetermforaspacevehicledesignedtotransportpeopleorcargotoandfromspace?

A.Spacecraft

B.Satellite

C.Probe

D.Rocket

8.TheMarsRover"Curiosity"waslaunchedbywhichcountry?

A.China

B.Russia

C.UnitedStates

D.India

9.Whatisthetermusedtodescribethephenomenonwhereaspacecraftentersandtravelsthroughtheatmosphereofacelestialbody?

A.Launch

B.Re-entry

C.Orbit

D.Descent

10.Thefirstwomantogotospacewas________.

A.ValentinaTereshkova

B.SallyRide

C.MaeJemison

D.EileenCollins

答案：

1.A

2.B

3.D

4.A

5.A

6.A

7.A

8.C

9.B

10.A

二、多項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）

1.Whichofthefollowingaretypesoforbitsasatellitecanhave?

A.Geostationary

B.Polar

C.Heliocentric

D.Equatorial

2.Thefollowingarecomponentsofaspacesuit,except:

A.Helmet

B.Gloves

C.Oxygentank

D.Umbrella

3.Whataresomechallengesfacedbyastronautsinspace?

A.Microgravity

B.Radiationexposure

C.Temperatureextremes

D.Oxygenshortage

4.Whichofthefollowingarespaceagencies?

A.NASA

B.ESA

C.SpaceX

D.JAXA

5.Thephasesofarocket'sflightinclude:

A.Launch

B.Ascent

C.Orbitalinsertion

D.Splashdown

6.WhataresomecelestialbodiesthatcanbeobservedfromEarthwithoutatelescope?

A.Moon

B.Venus

C.Mars

D.Pluto

7.Whichofthefollowingareconsideredspacedebris?

A.Oldsatellites

B.Rocketstages

C.Spacecraftfragments

D.Meteorites

8.Whataresomebenefitsofspaceexploration?

A.Scientificresearch

B.Technologicaladvancements

C.Economicopportunities

D.Nationalpride

9.Thefollowingaretypesofspacemissions,except:

A.Mannedmissions

B.Unmannedmissions

C.Lunarmissions

D.Submarinemissions

10.Whataresomereasonsforlaunchingsatellitesintospace?

A.Communication

B.Weathermonitoring

C.Scientificresearch

D.Entertainment

答案：

1.A,B,D

2.D

3.A,B,C

4.A,B,D

5.A,B,C

6.A,B,C

7.A,B,C

8.A,B,C,D

9.D

10.A,B,C

三、判斷題（每題2分，共10題）

1.ThefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheUnitedStates.(False)

2.ThespeedrequiredtomaintainalowEarthorbitislessthanthespeedrequiredtoescapeEarth'sgravity.(True)

3.TheInternationalSpaceStationorbitstheEarthinageostationaryorbit.(False)

4.Theterm"blackhole"isusedtodescribearegionofspacewheregravityissostrongthatnothingcanescapefromit.(True)

5.TheApolloprogramwasaseriesofspacemissionsbytheSovietUnion.(False)

6.TheMarsRover"Perseverance"isequippedwithinstrumentstosearchforsignsofancientmicrobiallife.(True)

7.Theterm"ISS"standsforInternationalSpaceStation.(True)

8.Thefirsthuman-madeobjecttoreachthesurfaceofMarswasViking1.(True)

9.ThespaceshuttlewasareusablespacecraftusedbyNASAforhumanspaceflightmissions.(True)

10.Theterm"asteroid"referstoacelestialbodythatorbitstheSunandissmallerthanaplanet.(True)

四、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）

1.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenamannedandanunmannedspacemission?

2.Explaintheconceptofageostationaryorbitandwhyitisusefulforcommunicationsatellites.

3.DescribetheroleoftheHubbleSpaceTelescopeinspaceexploration.

4.Whataresomeofthechallengesfacedbyastronautsduringlong-durationspacemissions?

答案：

1.Mannedspacemissionsinvolvehumanastronauts,whileunmannedmissionsareconductedbyroboticspacecraft.Mannedmissionsrequirelifesupportsystems,returncapabilities,andareoftenmorecomplexandcostly.Unmannedmissionscanbemoreexperimentalandrisk-tolerant,focusingonspecificscientificobjectivesorexplorationtasks.

2.AgeostationaryorbitisanorbitaroundtheEarthwhereasatelliteorbitsatthesameratethattheEarthrotates,meaningitremainsinafixedpositionrelativetoapointontheEarth'ssurface.Thisisusefulforcommunicationsatellitesbecauseitallowsthemtomaintainaconstantpositionoveraspecificregion,facilitatingcontinuouscommunicationwithouttheneedfortrackingoradjustingthesatellite'sposition.

3.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehasplayedacrucialroleinspaceexplorationbyprovidinghigh-resolutionimagesofdistantgalaxies,nebulae,andothercelestialobjects.Ithashelpedscientistsunderstandtheageandexpansionrateoftheuniverse,observetheformationofstarsandplanets,andstudytheatmospheresofplanetsinoursolarsystemandbeyond.

4.Somechallengesfacedbyastronautsduringlong-durationspacemissionsincludetheeffectsofmicrogravityonthehumanbody,suchasmuscleatrophyandbonedensityloss;psychologicaleffectsduetoisolationandconfinement;andtheincreasedriskofradiationexposureinspace,whichcanleadtovarioushealthissues.

五、討論題（每題5分，共4題）

1.Discusstheimportanceofinternationalcooperationinspaceexploration.

2.WhatarethepotentialbenefitsandrisksofestablishingahumancolonyonMars?

3.HowhasspaceexplorationinfluencedtechnologicaladvancementsonEarth?

4.Whataretheethicalconsiderationswhensendingroboticmissionstoexploreotherplanetsandmoons?

答案：

1.Internationalcooperationinspaceexplorationiscrucialforsharingresources,knowledge,andtechnology.Itfostersglobalcollaboration,reducescosts,andallowsforamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofspacethroughdiverseperspectivesandexpertise.Italsopromotespeaceandunderstandingamongnations.

2.EstablishingahumancolonyonMarscouldprovideabackupforhumanityincaseofEarth'sdevastation,expandourunderstandingoftheuniverse,anddrivetechnolog