2024-2025學(xué)年河北省滄州市五縣聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1河北省滄州市五縣聯(lián)考2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題第I卷(選擇題)一、選擇題(略)二、閱讀理解：本大題共15小題，共37.5分。AAssociateProfessor/Professor(OpenRank)ClimateSystemsEngineeringinitiativeEmployer:ClimateSystemsEngineeringLocation:Chicago,IllinoisSalary:OpenClosingdate:Jan22,2025TheUniversityofChicagoinvitesapplicationsformultiplefacultypositions(tenuredassociateorfullprofessor)fromscholarswhowillmakesignificantcontributionstoClimateSystemsEngineering.TheUniversityisbuildingaworldleadingClimateSystemsEngineeringinitiativewithmultiplefacultyhiresaddressingsolargeoengineering,open-systemcarbonremovalsuchasenhancedweathering,andinterventionstolimitlossofglacialice.Weseekindividualswhowillleadresearchprogramsthatwillproducesignificantcontributionstotheirfieldandtothisresearchinitiative.Applicationsarewelcomefromallrelevantacademicdisciplinesincludingphysicalandbiologicalsciences,socialsciences,engineering,andhumanities.ApplicationsarewelcomefromscholarswhofocusonthephysicalorsocialrisksofClimateSystemsEngineering.ResearchonClimateSystemsEngineeringisinterdisciplinary,soweseekindividualswithatrackrecordofcollaborationbeyondtheirdiscipline.Qualifications·PhDinthephysical,biological,orsocialsciences;engineering;orthehumanities.·Evidenceofleadershipinthefieldandarecordofindependentresearch.ApplicationInstructionsApplicationsmustbesubmittedonlinethroughtheUniversityofChicago’sAcademicJob’swebsite:/161236.ReviewofapplicationswillbeginonJanuary22,2025andcontinueuntilallpositionsarefilled.Thefollowingmaterialsarerequired:·Abriefcoverletter.·AC.V.·Astatementofresearchplans(upto5pages)thatdescribeshowyouplantointegrateresearchonclimatesystemsengineeringintoyouroverallresearchprocess.·Astatementofteachingphilosophyandexperience.Thefollowingmaterialsmayberequested:·ListofreferencesEEOStatementWeseekadiversepoolofapplicantswhowishtojoinanacademiccommunitythatencouragesdiverseperspectives,experiences,andideastoinformandstimulateintellectualchallenge,engagement,andexchange.TheUniversity’sStatementsonDiversityare/statements-diversity.Jobseekersinneedofareasonableaccommodationtocompletetheapplicationprocessshouldcall773-834-3988oremailequalopportunity@withtheirrequest.1.Whoismostlikelyqualifiedfortheposition?A.Cindy,ascholarwhoheadedaresearchteamonsocialrisksofClimateSystemsEngineeringyearsagoB.Tommy,agraduatewhomajorsinengineeringyetisinexperiencedinrelevantresearchC.Claire,adistinguishedundergraduatewhodigsdeepinhismajorhumanitiesD.Peter,ascholarwhospecializesingeologyandisateammemberofaresearchteam2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Listofreferencesmustbeattachedtotheapplicationwithothermaterials.B.Applicantsshouldturnintheirapplicationsatequalopportunity@.C.ApplicationswillbelookedoverbyJanuary22,2025online.D.Applicantsshouldequipthemselveswithadescriptionofaresearchschemeasmanyas5pages.3.Whattypeofarticleisthis?A.abiography B.aproposal C.anadvertisement D.anotice【答案】1.A2.D3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章類型為招聘類廣告。芝加哥大學(xué)為氣候系統(tǒng)工程倡議招聘教授或副教授，希望他們能在此領(lǐng)域做出應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Weseekindividualswhowillleadresearchprogramsthatwillproducesignificantcontributionstotheirfieldandtothisresearchinitiative.(我們尋求那些將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)研究項(xiàng)目的個(gè)人，這些研究項(xiàng)目將對(duì)他們的領(lǐng)域和這項(xiàng)研究計(jì)劃做出重大貢獻(xiàn))”以及第二段中“Applicationsarewelcomefromallrelevantacademicdisciplinesincludingphysicalandbiologicalsciences,socialsciences,engineering,andhumanities.(歡迎來自所有相關(guān)學(xué)科的申請(qǐng)，包括物理和生物科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)、工程和人文科學(xué))”和第三段Qualifications中“PhDinthephysical,biological,orsocialsciences;engineering;orthehumanities.(物理、生物或社會(huì)科學(xué)博士學(xué)位；工程；或者人文學(xué)科)”以及“Evidenceofleadershipinthefieldandarecordofindependentresearch.(在該領(lǐng)域具有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位和獨(dú)立研究記錄的證據(jù))”可知，A選項(xiàng)“Cindy,ascholarwhoheadedaresearchteamonsocialrisksofClimateSystemsEngineeringyearsago(辛迪，幾年前領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一個(gè)氣候系統(tǒng)工程社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究小組的學(xué)者)”所提及的申請(qǐng)者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過氣候系統(tǒng)工程關(guān)于社會(huì)危機(jī)的研究項(xiàng)目，符合招聘條件，很有可能被錄取的。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中ApplicationInstructions部分中的“Astatementofresearchplans(upto5pages)thatdescribeshowyouplantointegrateresearchonclimatesystemsengineeringintoyouroverallresearchprocess.(一份研究計(jì)劃陳述(最多5頁)，描述你計(jì)劃如何將氣候系統(tǒng)工程的研究融入你的整體研究過程中)”可知，申請(qǐng)者需要提供一份最多5頁的研究計(jì)劃描述。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章主要介紹了芝加哥大學(xué)招聘氣候系統(tǒng)工程領(lǐng)域教職人員的信息，包括職位要求、申請(qǐng)資格、申請(qǐng)方式和截止日期等。因此，這是一則招聘廣告。故選C。BCathyBrennancalmlypaddledherbrightyellowkayak(皮艇)downthePotomacRiver,continuinghervoyage,thelatestofhersolotripsonmajorwaterways.Itwastough,butitallowedBrennantoletgoofeverythingelse,emptyherbrainoftheeverydaychoresandfocusonthenow.“I’minthemoment,lookingatthewaves.”saidBrennan.Thejourneyisaminimaliststyle:sleepingbag,smalltent,rainjacket,changeofclothes,firstaidkit,applesandcheesesticks.Whenshe’sthirsty,shescoopswaterfromtheriversandpumpsitthroughafilter.“Ialwaysdrinktheriver,”shesays.Brennanlovesbeingontherivers,seeingthebaldeaglesabove,deeronthebanksandafascinatingarrayofbugsandinsectsthatneverfindtheirwayintohomes.However,everyfewdaysBrennanwillfindahotelforthenightwhereshecangetashowerandeatacheeseburger.She’llalsocheckinwithherhusbandJohn,whohashelpedherselecttheriverandresearchthetripsattheirhome.“He’smyvirtualSherpawithbenefits,”Brennansays,laughing.Shehasaphonewithherbutrarelycallsortextsanyone.Herchildrenusuallykeeptrackofherviathetransponderthat

sendsthemherlocationevery10minutesorso.Brennanknowsthatsolokayakingisnotforeveryoneandshe’snotreckless.Brennangrewuponalakeandwasastrongswimmerandboaterfromanearlyage.Whengoingthroughroughrapids,shewatchestheweathercarefully.Sheiscautiousaboutwhereshecampsandwhoisaroundher.Shehaspackeduphergearandheadedbackoutontheriverwhenshehasfeltunsafe.Surely,sheisaloneonthesejourneysbutsheisn’tlonely.Shesuggestedthatweallneedsomedisconnectionfromthewiredworldtofindthewiderworldaroundus.4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCathyBrennanfromparagraph1?A.Shelongsforcalmness. B.Sheseeksinnerpeace.C.Sheisfondoftravelling. D.Sheistiredofeverydayhousework.5.WhydoesBrennanregardherhusbandas“virtualSherpawithbenefits”?A.Becausehekeepstrackofher. B.Becausehearrangestherouteforher.C.Becauseheaccompaniesherontheriver. D.Becausehecontactsherwithcallsandtexts.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reckless”inparagraph4mean?A.Cautious. B.Fearless. C.Ambitious. D.Thoughtless.7.HowisBrennan’skayaktripaccordingtothepassage?A.Oddandinstructive. B.RomanticandthrillingC.Costlyandrelaxing D.Toughandrewarding.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了凱茜·布倫南用她的黃色皮艇獨(dú)自旅行的故事。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itwastough,butitallowedBrennantoletgoofeverythingelse,emptyherbrainoftheeverydaychoresandfocusonthenow.(這很艱難，但它讓布倫南放下了其他一切，把她的大腦從日常瑣事中清空，專注于現(xiàn)在)”可知，凱茜·布倫南獨(dú)自旅行是為了尋求內(nèi)心的平靜。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“She’llalsocheckinwithherhusbandJohn,whohashelpedherselecttheriverandresearchthetripsattheirhome.“He’smyvirtualSherpawithbenefits.”(她還會(huì)和丈夫約翰聯(lián)系，他幫她選擇了河流，并在家里研究了旅行?！八俏矣懈５奶摂M夏爾巴人?！?”可知，布倫南認(rèn)為她的丈夫是“有福的虛擬夏爾巴人”，因?yàn)樗麨樗才怕肪€。故選B?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“Brennangrewuponalakeandwasastrongswimmerandboaterfromanearlyage.Whengoingthroughroughrapids,shewatchestheweathercarefully.Sheiscautiousaboutwhereshecampsandwhoisaroundher.Shehaspackeduphergearandheadedbackoutontheriverwhenshehasfeltunsafe.(布倫南在湖邊長大，從小就擅長游泳和劃船。在穿越險(xiǎn)灘時(shí)，她會(huì)仔細(xì)觀察天氣。她對(duì)自己的營地和周圍的人都很謹(jǐn)慎。當(dāng)她感到不安全時(shí)，她會(huì)收拾好裝備，回到河上)”可知，布倫南非常謹(jǐn)慎，并不魯莽。由此可知，劃線詞reckless與thoughtless“輕率的，欠考慮的”意思接近。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itwastough,butitallowedBrennantoletgoofeverythingelse,emptyherbrainoftheeverydaychoresandfocusonthenow.(這很艱難，但它讓布倫南放下了其他一切，把她的大腦從日?，嵤轮星蹇眨瑢Ｗ⒂诂F(xiàn)在)”及最后一段中的“Shesuggestedthatweallneedsomedisconnectionfromthewiredworldtofindthewiderworldaroundus.(她認(rèn)為，我們都需要與有線世界斷開一些聯(lián)系，以發(fā)現(xiàn)我們周圍更廣闊的世界)”可知推，布倫南的旅行雖然很艱難，但是很值得。故選D。CWhenyouseesomeonetakethatfirstsipoffreshlymademilktea,theirfacelookslikepurejoy.Today,millionsofpeopleenjoythisexperience.Acrosstheworld,customersflocktotheirfavoritespotstomeetwithfriendsandsavorsipsofthesetastydrinks.Intheearly2000s,though,milkteawasjustcomingonthescene.Thefewbrandsthathadsuccessfullyestablishedthemselvesintheindustryweredearlyconcerned:Wouldmilkteajustbeanotherfashionfood?Sure,peopleareenjoyingittoday,butwouldtheystillbeinayear,orfiveyears?Andwithsomuchnewexcitementforthisproduct,wouldpeoplebeabletodistinguishmilkteacompanies?ThesearethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog,whichledthemtoresearchintothedeep,unexploredpsychologyofmilktea.LikeAirbnb,Sereniteapartneredwithanagency,CIABootlegManila(CBM),thatspecializesindrillingdowntothedeepconsumer“why”.Theagencyconductedaseriesofintensive,psychological-basedtechniquesinitsmarketresearch.Specifically,theyprobedtheconsumer’sdeeper,emotionalconnectionstomilktea,includingtheirearliestchildhoodmemoriesofmilkandtea.Whattheyfoundwasthatmilkteawasacomplextopic.Theirresearchrevealedthatmilkteaproducesthreeconsistentpsychologicalresponses.Peopleconnectedtomilkthroughtheconceptofnurturing(滋養(yǎng));theyfondlyrememberedtheirchildhoodandbeingcaredforbytheirmothers.Next,consumersconnectedteatoitshealingproperties.Respondentswouldrecallreceivingteawhentheyhadstomachacheorseeingtheirparentsdrinkingherbalteaforhealthreasons.Lastly,theyassociatedmilkteaitselfwithteenagefun:aguiltypleasureoftheiryouth.Theyhaduncoveredthethreepsychologicalcornerstones(基石)ofthemilkteaexperience:nurturing,healing,andteenagefun.Thissetofinsightswascrucial.Byintegratingthemintothecoreoftheirbrandstrategy,theystruckoutanentirelynewpath.8.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“probed”inparagraph4?A.Applied. B.Related. C.Demonstrated. D.Investigated.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Serenataplannedtodistinguishitselffromcompetitors.B.Sereniteaoutperformeditsopponentsinresearchfield.C.Sereniteasufferedatemporarystrategicfailurein2014.D.Sereniteapartneredwithaleadingpsychologicalagency.10.WhatcanSereniteadowiththefindingsfromtheirresearch?A.Offerasmanynewflavorsaspossible.B.Createayouthfulandplayfulbrandimage.C.Redesignstoresbyaddingromanticelements.D.ConductintensivemarketresearchwithCBM.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ANewPathtoBusinessSuccess B.ThreeCornerstonesofMilkTeaC.SharingthePureJoyofMilkTea D.RevealingMilkTeaPsychology【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了奶茶背后心理學(xué)原理的發(fā)現(xiàn)和揭示過程?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog,whichledthemtoresearchintothedeep,unexploredpsychologyofmilktea.(在成功開設(shè)60家門店的同時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入了戰(zhàn)略迷霧，這促使他們開始研究奶茶的深層次、未被探索的心理)”可知，他們要調(diào)查researchinto。結(jié)合第五段“Whattheyfoundwasthatmilkteawasacomplextopic.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，奶茶是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的話題)”可知，他們調(diào)查出了結(jié)果。故劃線詞后文“theconsumer’sdeeper,emotionalconnectionstomilktea,includingtheirearliestchildhoodmemoriesofmilkandtea”指出了他們研究調(diào)查的細(xì)分領(lǐng)域。故劃線詞意思是“調(diào)查”。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Andwithsomuchnewexcitementforthisproduct,wouldpeoplebeabletodistinguishmilkteacompanies?(有了這么多新的興奮點(diǎn)，人們能區(qū)分出奶茶公司嗎？)”以及第三段“ThesearethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.(這些都是馬尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年面臨的問題)”可知，Serenata計(jì)劃將自己與競爭對(duì)手區(qū)分開來。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Next,consumersconnectedteatoitshealingproperties.Respondentswouldrecallreceivingteawhentheyhadstomachacheorseeingtheirparentsdrinkingherbalteaforhealthreasons.Lastly,theyassociatedmilkteaitselfwithteenagefun:aguiltypleasureoftheiryouth.(其次，消費(fèi)者將茶與它的治療特性聯(lián)系起來。受訪者會(huì)回憶起當(dāng)他們胃痛或看到他們的父母為了健康原因喝涼茶時(shí)收到的茶。最后，他們將奶茶本身與青少年的樂趣聯(lián)系在一起：他們年輕時(shí)的一種罪惡的快樂)”以及最后一段“Theyhaduncoveredthethreepsychologicalcornerstones(基石)ofthemilkteaexperience:nurturing,healing,andteenagefun.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了奶茶體驗(yàn)的三個(gè)心理基石：養(yǎng)育、治療和青少年樂趣)”可知，Serenitea可以用他們的研究結(jié)果打造年輕俏皮的品牌形象。故選B?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“ThesearethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog,whichledthemtoresearchintothedeep,unexploredpsychologyofmilktea.(這些都是馬尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年面臨的問題。在成功開設(shè)60家門店的同時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入了戰(zhàn)略迷霧，這促使他們開始研究奶茶的深層次、未被探索的心理)”以及文章主要說明了奶茶背后心理學(xué)原理的發(fā)現(xiàn)和揭示過程，按照時(shí)間順序展開，從出現(xiàn)問題到尋求解決，最終找到答案。故D選項(xiàng)“揭示奶茶心理”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。DScientistshavelongbeenfascinatedbycollectiveintelligence,theideathatgroupscansolveproblemsbetterthanindividuals.Now,aninterestingnewstudyrevealssomeunexpectedfindingsaboutgroupproblem-solvingabilitiesacrossspecies,specificallycomparinghowantsandhumanstacklecomplexspatialchallenges.ResearchersattheWeizmannInstituteofSciencedesignedanexperimentinvolvingbothgroupsoflonghorncrazyants(LCAs)andgroupsofhumansinsolvingthesamegeometric(幾何)puzzleatdifferentscales.TheseLCAs,measuringjust3millimetersinlength,aredistributedallovertheworld.Thepuzzle,knownasa“piano-movers’problem”,requiredmovingaT-shapedloadthroughaseriesoftightspacesandaroundcorners.Whatmakesthisstudyparticularlyfascinatingisthatbothantsandhumansareamongthefewspeciesknowntocooperativelytransportlargeobjectsinnature.Theresearchersfoundthatwhilelargergroupsofantsperformedsignificantlybetterthansmallergroupsorindividuals,theoppositewastrueforhumanswhentheircommunicationwasrestricted.Whenhumangroupswerenotallowedtospeakorusegesturesandhadtowearmasksandsunglasses,theirperformanceactuallydeterioratedcomparedtoindividualsworkingalone.Thisfindingspeakstofundamentaldifferencesinhowantsandhumansapproachcollectiveproblem-solving.Individualantscannotgrasptheglobalnatureofthepuzzle,buttheircollectiontranslatesintoemergentcognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilities;inotherwords,theydevelopnewproblem-solvingskillssimplybyworkingtogether.Thelargeantgroupsmaintainedtheirdirectionevenafterencounteringwallsandefficientlyexploredtheirenvironmentuntilfindingopenings.“Anantcolonyisactuallyafamily.Alltheantsinthenestaresisters,andtheyhavecommoninterests.It’satightlyorganizedsocietyinwhichcooperationgreatlyoutweighscompetition,”explainsstudyco-authorProf.OferFeinerman.“That’swhyanantcolonyissometimesreferredtoasasuper-organism,sortofalivingbodycomposedofmultiple‘cells’thatcooperatewithoneanother.”Incontrast,humangroupsshowednosuchenhancementofcognitiveabilities.12.WhyareLCAsusedassubjectsforexperimentsoncollectiveintelligence?A.Theyarewidespreadallovertheworld.B.TheycantransportT-shapedstuffeasily.C.Theyaremuchstrongerthanotherants.D.Theyhavethesharedbehaviorwithhumans.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorated”inparagraph3mean?A.Becameworse. B.Remainednormal.C.Changedgreatly. D.Stoppedsuddenly.14.HowcanweassessLCAsabouttheirsolvingpuzzles?A.Individualintelligencematters.B.Hardworkisthekeytosuccess.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AntandHumanProblem-Solving. B.AntColonies’TeamStrategies.C.Humans’GroupWorkBottlenecks. D.Cross-SpeciesIntelligenceSecrets.【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了螞蟻和人類在解決幾何難題時(shí)集體智慧表現(xiàn)的差異?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whatmakesthisstudyparticularlyfascinatingisthatbothantsandhumansareamongthefewspeciesknowntocooperativelytransportlargeobjectsinnature.(這項(xiàng)研究特別有趣的地方在于，螞蟻和人類都是已知的少數(shù)幾種在自然界中會(huì)合作運(yùn)輸大型物體的物種)”可知，長角瘋蟻被用作集體智慧實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)象是因?yàn)樗鼈兒腿祟愑泄餐男袨?，即合作運(yùn)輸大型物體。故選D。【13題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatwhilelargergroupsofantsperformedsignificantlybetterthansmallergroupsorindividuals,theoppositewastrueforhumanswhentheircommunicationwasrestricted.Whenhumangroupswerenotallowedtospeakorusegesturesandhadtowearmasksandsunglasses(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然較大群體的螞蟻比較小群體或個(gè)體的表現(xiàn)要好得多，但當(dāng)人類的交流受到限制時(shí)，情況卻恰恰相反。當(dāng)人類群體不被允許說話或使用手勢(shì)，并且必須戴口罩和太陽鏡時(shí))”以及“comparedtoindividualsworkingalone(與獨(dú)自工作的個(gè)體相比)”可推知，當(dāng)人類交流受限，他們的表現(xiàn)實(shí)際上比獨(dú)自工作的個(gè)體更差，所以deteriorated意思是“變得更差”。故選A?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Individualantscannotgrasptheglobalnatureofthepuzzle,buttheircollectiontranslatesintoemergentcognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilities;inotherwords,theydevelopnewproblem-solvingskillssimplybyworkingtogether.Thelargeantgroupsmaintainedtheirdirectionevenafterencounteringwallsandefficientlyexploredtheirenvironmentuntilfindingopenings.(單個(gè)螞蟻無法把握難題的全局性質(zhì)，但它們的集合轉(zhuǎn)化為新興的認(rèn)知能力；換句話說，它們僅僅通過合作就發(fā)展出了新的解決問題的技能。大型螞蟻群體即使在遇到墻壁后也能保持方向，并有效地探索周圍環(huán)境，直到找到出口)”可推知，對(duì)于長角瘋蟻來說，整體大于部分之和，它們通過合作能展現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的解決問題的能力。故選D。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Now,aninterestingnewstudyrevealssomeunexpectedfindingsaboutgroupproblem-solvingabilitiesacrossspecies,specificallycomparinghowantsandhumanstacklecomplexspatialchallenges.(現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)有趣的新研究揭示了一些關(guān)于不同物種群體解決問題能力的意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，特別是比較了螞蟻和人類如何應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜的空間挑戰(zhàn))”可知，文章主要介紹了關(guān)于螞蟻和人類在解決問題方面集體智慧的研究，所以A項(xiàng)“螞蟻和人類解決問題”作為文章標(biāo)題最合適。故選A。三、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共12.5分。Lastsummerover12,000fanswereatWembleyArenainLondon,shoutingandcheering.Thousandsmorewerewatchingonline.___16___Itwasesports,orcompetitivecomputergaming.MillionsofpeopleintheUKplaycomputergamesforfun.Someofthemhavebecomeprofessionalgames,playinggamesastheirfull-timejob.___17___Theypracticefortenormorehoursaday,fiveorsixdaysaweek.Theydoexercisesliketypingsomethingandtryingtotypeitfasterandfaster.Theyalsostudyvideosofotherplayersandplanwaystobeatthem.___18___Areplayersathletes?Somesayno.Esportsplayersdon’tneedtorun,jump,throwordobigphysicalactions.Atthemoment,theUKgovernmentclassifiesesportsaskindsofgames,notassports.Butotherssayyes:esportsaresports.Playersdoneedsomephysicalskills,especiallyhand-eyecoordination,reflexes,accuracyandtiming.Ifdarts,snookerandshootingareclassifiedassports,thenperhapsesportsshouldbetoo.___19___AndtheywillbeanofficialmedalsportintheAsianGamesstartingfrom2022.Nextstep:theOlympics?Formanyesportsfansandplayers,though,themostimportantthingisthatesportsaregrowinginpopularityandimportance.___20___A.Butareesportsreallysports?B.Putsimply,esportsiscompetitivelevelgaming.C.It’snoteasybeingaprofessionalgamer,though.D.Butthiswasn’tafootball,basketballortennismatch.E.Itiscertainthatesportswillcomeintothe2028Olympics.F.Infact,ChinaandR.O.Koreadoclassifyesportsassports.G.Ifesportsarenotasimportantassportsnow,theydefinitelywillbeinthenearfuture.【答案】16.D17.C18.A19.F20.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了“電子競技比賽”這一話題，講述職業(yè)競技玩家的辛苦，其被認(rèn)可程度，以及對(duì)其未來進(jìn)行了展望。【16題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Lastsummerover12,000fanswereatWembleyArenainLondon,shoutingandcheering.Thousandsmorewerewatchingonline.(去年夏天，超過12000名球迷聚集在倫敦溫布利體育場，歡呼雀躍。還有數(shù)千人在網(wǎng)上觀看。)”講到了一個(gè)比賽的盛大場面，且后文“Itwasesports,orcompetitivecomputergaming.(這是電子競技，或競爭性電腦游戲。)”已經(jīng)解釋了這是一項(xiàng)“電子競技”，那么可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句，提及并不是人們所認(rèn)為的常規(guī)大型比賽，從而引出后文話題。選項(xiàng)D“Butthiswasn’tafootball,basketballortennismatch.(但這不是一場足球、籃球或網(wǎng)球比賽。)”為“But”句，與前文構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且在句意上符合分析。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Someofthemhavebecomeprofessionalgames,playinggamesastheirfull-timejob.(他們中的一些人已經(jīng)成為職業(yè)游戲玩家，把玩游戲當(dāng)成了他們的全職工作。)”提到了“職業(yè)游戲玩家”，且空后內(nèi)容“Theypracticefortenormorehoursaday,fiveorsixdaysaweek.(他們每天練習(xí)10個(gè)小時(shí)以上，每周練習(xí)5到6天。)”仍然在講述職業(yè)玩家的辛苦，由此推知，設(shè)空句作為中間句，應(yīng)呼應(yīng)前后主題“職業(yè)玩家”，同時(shí)又能延申到“職業(yè)玩家的辛苦”這一內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)C“It’snoteasybeingaprofessionalgamer,though.(然而，成為一名職業(yè)玩家并不容易。)”呼應(yīng)主題“職業(yè)玩家”，與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，與后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)后文的回答“Somesayno.Esportsplayersdon’tneedtorun,jump,throwordobigphysicalactions.Atthemoment,theUKgovernmentclassifiesesportsaskindsofgames,notassports.(有人說不。電子競技選手不需要跑、跳、投或做大的身體動(dòng)作。目前，英國政府將電子競技?xì)w類為游戲，而不是體育。)”可知，這里在討論“電子競技是不是體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”這一話題，因此，設(shè)空句作為該段首句，應(yīng)提出該話題。選項(xiàng)A“Butareesportsreallysports?(但電子競技真的是體育嗎？)”提出了該話題，符合分析。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)后文“AndtheywillbeanofficialmedalsportintheAsianGamesstartingfrom2022.(從2022年開始，它們將成為亞運(yùn)會(huì)的正式獎(jiǎng)牌項(xiàng)目。)”可知，這里舉例了電子競技被官方認(rèn)可的具體事件，同時(shí)結(jié)合句中的“And”可推知，該句應(yīng)是承接設(shè)空句，對(duì)設(shè)空句的具體舉例，即，設(shè)空句應(yīng)該也是一個(gè)類似認(rèn)可的事實(shí)說明句。選項(xiàng)F“Infact,ChinaandR.O.Koreadoclassifyesportsassports.(事實(shí)上，中國和韓國確實(shí)將電子競技?xì)w類為體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”在句意上符合分析，與后文銜接緊密，同時(shí)“Infact”可與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Formanyesportsfansandplayers,though,themostimportantthingisthatesportsaregrowinginpopularityandimportance.(然而，對(duì)于許多電子競技迷和玩家來說，最重要的是電子競技越來越受歡迎和重要。)”可知，該段對(duì)電子競技的前景進(jìn)行了積極的展望，設(shè)空句作為末尾句，也應(yīng)是對(duì)前景的積極展望。選項(xiàng)G“Ifesportsarenotasimportantassportsnow,theydefinitelywillbeinthenearfuture.(如果電子競技現(xiàn)在沒有體育那么重要，那么在不久的將來肯定會(huì)如此。)”是對(duì)電子競技未來的積極展望，符合該段主題；同時(shí)，在句意表達(dá)上可作為末尾段總結(jié)句。故選G項(xiàng)。四、完形填空：本大題共15小題，共15分。Onceuponatime,inabusycity,therelivedayounggirlnamedLinda.Lindawasknownforhersharpmindandherlovefor___21___newthings.Herparentsalwaysencouragedhertoexploreandprovidedherwithcountlessopportunitiesto___22___herknowledgeandskills.Onesunnyafternoon,Linda’sfathersuggestedtheytakeatriptothelocalmuseum.Lindawas___23___fortheidea,havingheardtalesofancientartifactsandfascinatingexhibits.Astheywalkedthroughthemuseum,Linda’seyeswidenedin___24___atthesightofintricate(精巧的)sculpturesandrarepaintings.Herfather,tofurther___25___hereagerness,pointedoutvariouspiecesofartandexplainedtheirhistoricalsignificance.Lindalistenedattentively,___26___everywordherfathersaid.Shewasparticularlyfascinatedbyapaintingofapeacefullandscape,whichseemedtohavethemagicto___27___hersoul.Suddenly,Linda___28___somethingstrange.Asmallboy,lookinglostandconfused,wasstandingneartheentrance,___29___aroundasifsearchingforsomeone.Linda,sensingtheboy’sdistress,approachedhim___30___andaskedifheneededhelp.Theboy,tearswellingupinhiseyes,noddedandexplainedthathehad___31___separatedfromhisfamily.Linda,withoutthinking___32___,tookhishandandledhimtothemuseum’sinformationdesk,wheretheywereableto___33___hisparents.Linda’sfatherwatchedthiswithasenseof___34___.Hesawinhisdaughteraheartfullofcompassionandawillingnesstohelpothersinneed.Thatevening,astheywalkedhome,Linda’sfatherpraisedherforherbraveryand___35___.21.A.discovering B.investigating C.imagining D.inventing22.A.deepen B.identify C.broaden D.shorten23.A.sorry B.eager C.anxious D.grateful24.A.amazement B.boredom C.anger D.disappointment25.A.issue B.arouse C.flash D.mount26.A.takingcontrolof B.referringto C.checkingin D.takingin27.A.confuse B.schedule C.calm D.shape28.A.noticed B.concentrated C.registered D.requested29.A.going B.demanding C.pretending D.looking30.A.creatively B.confidently C.specifically D.kindly31.A.extremely B.obviously C.accidentally D.actually32.A.twice B.about C.back D.over33.A.greet B.communicate C.contact D.recognize34.A.responsibility B.pride C.curiosity D.power35.A.courage B.kindness C.honesty D.patience【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A25.B26.D27.C28.A29.D30.D31.C32.A33.C34.B35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)名叫琳達(dá)的年輕女孩以她敏銳的頭腦和對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物的熱愛而聞名，某天在參觀當(dāng)?shù)氐牟┪镳^時(shí)，她幫助了一個(gè)和家人走散的男孩，父親為她驕傲。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：琳達(dá)以她敏銳的頭腦和對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物的熱愛而聞名。A.discovering發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.investigating調(diào)查；C.imagining想象；D.inventing發(fā)明。根據(jù)后文“newthings”以及“Herparentsalwaysencouragedhertoexplore”可知，琳達(dá)的父母鼓勵(lì)她探索，所以她喜愛發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她的父母總是鼓勵(lì)她去探索，并為她提供了無數(shù)的機(jī)會(huì)來擴(kuò)大她的知識(shí)和技能。A.deepen加深；B.identify認(rèn)出；C.broaden擴(kuò)大；D.shorten縮短。根據(jù)上文“Herparentsalwaysencouragedhertoexploreandprovidedherwithcountlessopportunitiesto”可知，她的父母總是鼓勵(lì)她去探索，并為她提供了無數(shù)的機(jī)會(huì)來擴(kuò)大她的知識(shí)和技能。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：琳達(dá)對(duì)這個(gè)主意很熱心，因?yàn)樗犨^有關(guān)古代工藝品和迷人展品的故事。A.sorry抱歉的；B.eager熱衷的，熱心的；C.anxious焦慮的；D.grateful感激的。根據(jù)后文“havingheardtalesofancientartifactsandfascinatingexhibits”可知，因?yàn)樗犨^有關(guān)古代工藝品和迷人展品的故事，琳達(dá)對(duì)這個(gè)主意很熱心，故選B?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們穿過博物館時(shí)，琳達(dá)驚訝地睜大了眼睛，看到了錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的雕塑和罕見的繪畫。A.amazement驚詫；B.boredom無聊；C.anger憤怒；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)后文“atthesightofintricatesculpturesandrarepaintings”可知，看到了錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的雕塑和罕見的繪畫，琳達(dá)驚訝地睜大了眼睛，故選A?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她的父親，進(jìn)一步激發(fā)她的熱情，指出各種藝術(shù)品，并解釋他們的歷史意義。A.issue發(fā)表；B.arouse激發(fā)，引起；C.flash閃光；D.mount開展。根據(jù)后文“hereagerness,pointedoutvariouspiecesofartandexplainedtheirhistoricalsignificance”可知，父親指出各種藝術(shù)品，并解釋他們的歷史意義，進(jìn)一步激發(fā)她的熱情，故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：琳達(dá)聚精會(huì)神地聽著，把她父親說的每一句話都聽進(jìn)去了。A.takingcontrolof控制；B.referringto參考；C.checkingin入住；D.takingin理解。根據(jù)后文“everywordherfathersaid”指琳達(dá)理解了父親說的每一句話。故選D。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她對(duì)一幅寧靜的風(fēng)景畫特別著迷，這幅畫似乎有使她的靈魂平靜下來的魔力。A.confuse使困惑；B.schedule安排；C.calm使平靜；D.shape塑造。根據(jù)上文“apeacefullandscape”指寧靜的風(fēng)景畫使她的靈魂平靜下來。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，琳達(dá)注意到一些奇怪的事情。A.noticed注意到；B.concentrated集中；C.registered注冊(cè)；D.requested要求。根據(jù)后文“Asmallboy,lookinglostandconfused”指琳達(dá)注意到一些奇怪的事情：一個(gè)小男孩，看起來迷茫困惑。故選A。【29題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)小男孩站在門口，一臉迷茫，東張西望，好像在找什么人。A.going去；B.demanding要求；C.pretending假裝；D.looking看。根據(jù)后文“aroundasifsearchingforsomeone”指男孩東張西望地找人。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：琳達(dá)覺察到了男孩的痛苦，便友善地走近他，問他是否需要幫助。A.creatively創(chuàng)造性地；B.confidently自信地；C.specifically特意；D.kindly善良地。根據(jù)后文“andaskedifheneededhelp”可知，琳達(dá)友善地靠近男孩，詢問是否需要幫助。故選D?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：男孩眼里噙滿了淚水，他點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，解釋說他不小心和家人走散了。A.extremely非常；B.obviously顯然；C.accidentally意外地；D.actually實(shí)際上。根據(jù)后文“separatedfromhisfamily”可知，男孩意外和家人走散了。故選C。【32題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：琳達(dá)不假思索地拉著他的手，把他帶到博物館的問訊處，在那里他們可以聯(lián)系到他的父母。A.twice兩次；B.about關(guān)于；C.back向后；D.over越過。根據(jù)后文“tookhishandandledhimtothemuseum’sinformationdesk”可知，琳達(dá)不假思索地拉著他的手，把他帶到博物館的問訊處，withoutthinkingtwice表示“毫不猶豫地，不假思索地”。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：琳達(dá)不假思索地拉著他的手，把他帶到博物館的問訊處，在那里他們可以聯(lián)系到他的父母。A.greet問候；B.communicate交流；C.contact聯(lián)系；D.recognize認(rèn)可。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)edhimtothemuseum’sinformationdesk”可知，帶到博物館的問訊處，是為了聯(lián)系男孩的父母。故選C。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：琳達(dá)的父親帶著一種自豪的心情看著這一切。A.responsibility責(zé)任；B