高考英語 考前專項拔高提分練二 文體3　說明文 順序先后須厘清

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。文體3說明文·順序先后須厘清【考向研析】考向1時態(tài)通常是對客觀事物或?qū)嵗慕榻B與說明,與時間的變化關(guān)系不大,文章常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)考向2語言主要是幫助讀者認(rèn)清事物、明白事理,所以語言簡練、平實(shí)、易于理解,內(nèi)容客觀真實(shí),很少含有帶感情的詞匯考向3主題在文章開頭就點(diǎn)明說明對象,從而為學(xué)生們把握文章主題提供了有利條件。作者借助合理的說明順序展開文章,使文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、層次分明【真題研磨】【典例展示】(2022·全國乙卷改編)Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout__1__someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably__2__athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies__3__.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas__4__asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour__5__researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology__6__thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2—4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each__7__satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor__8__.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould__9__orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesamethinghappenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:Nowchildrensaidthattheycouldn’t__10__toher.

Anumberofexperimentsruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects__11__thequestionsandknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem.Their__12__tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue__13__that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimplyinsistonmutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our__14__suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod__15__whenothersuseit.

1.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing2.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick3.A.exposed B.examinedC.untouched D.imbalanced4.A.supported B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpreted5.A.disappointing B.mixedC.surprising D.desired6.A.explained B.confirmedC.contradicted D.tested7.A.parent B.child C.researcher D.doctor8.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears9.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool10.A.speak B.listen C.turn D.wave11.A.comprehended B.predictedC.explored D.ignored12.A.responses B.approachesC.contribution D.sensitivity13.A.ability B.belief C.identity D.purpose14.A.limitations B.requirementsC.theories D.findings15.A.tentative B.impressiveC.creative D.effective【解題思維】第一步通讀全文,把握主旨要義。本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了實(shí)驗(yàn)證明孩子們捉迷藏時,只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主義的結(jié)果,而是孩子們堅持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。第二步研讀文章,把握說明文順序。gamesofhideandseek→coveronlytheireyes→childrenarehopelessly“egocentric”→newidea→conclusion第三步聯(lián)系文題,確定說明文考點(diǎn)。12345678動詞形容詞形容詞動詞形容詞動詞名詞名詞9101112131415-動詞動詞動詞名詞名詞名詞形容詞-第四步挖掘說明順序,逐題試填。序號位置語境信息答案1下文makingoneselfunabletobeseen__C__2下文Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands__B__3上文Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands__A__4下文asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”creatures__D__

5下文itisnotaresultofegocentrism__C__6下文Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod______whenothersuseit.

__C__7上文Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.__B__8下文orheartheadult__D__9上文anadultwhocoveredherowneyes__A__10上文whentheadultcoveredherownmouth__A__11下文thequestionsandknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem__A__12下文tothequestions__A__13下文Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too__B__14下文itisnotaresultofegocentrism__D__15上文Theysimplyinsistonmutualrecognitionandregard__D__【考場技法】明確說明對象快速通讀全文,明確作者從什么角度和側(cè)面對哪一個說明對象加以說明厘清段落關(guān)系把握每段的說明側(cè)重點(diǎn),厘清段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系,加深對說明對象的理解搞清說明順序弄清楚作者是按照時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序還是認(rèn)知順序來展開說明的,進(jìn)一步確定前后文的因果關(guān)系、先后主次、由此及彼、由淺入深、由局部到整體、由客觀到本質(zhì)等把握作者態(tài)度抓住體現(xiàn)作者態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵詞句,有利于掌握作者的寫作情感和意圖【多維演練】Test1體裁:說明文詞數(shù):255話題:人物介紹建議用時:15分鐘OnSunday,JoSchoonbroodt,a71-year-oldpersonfromMaastricht,ranamarathon.Ina__1__2hrs54minsand19secs,hebecamethefastestpersonofhisageinhistory.Atanagewhenmanyofhiscontemporaries(同齡人)are__2__down,JoSchoonbroodtis__3__speedingup.

ItturnedoutthatSchoonbroodt’snew70+worldrecord,was__4__byanunlikelysource:theBelgiansingerEddyWally.Withafewmiles__5__,hislegswerestartingtoget__6__.

“However,myfriendhadaspecial__7__tokeepmeontrack,”saidSchoonbroodt.“HeputEddyWally’ssongChérieonhisphoneonrepeat.I’vealwayslovedit.Itgavemea__8__.Iovertookonerunnerafteranotherand,__9__gettingcramp(抽筋)inthefinal500metres,Iwasableto__10__therecordbyfourseconds.”

WhileSchoonbroodt’sachievementsareexceptional,heisnot__11__.Severalmenover70haverunasub-three-hourmarathon.JohnBrewer,asportsscientistattheUniversityoftheWestofScotland,__12__thatwhilewesuffera10%declineinmusclemasseverydecade__13__weage,thedeclineisn’tassharpforendurance.“Comparedto40yearsago,the__14__innutrition,recoveryandtechnologyallmeanthatitismore__15__forpeopleintheir60sand70stoproducegoodperformanceiftheyfollowtherighttraining,”hesaid.

1.A.promising B.frighteningC.disappointing D.surprising2.A.winding B.jumping C.looking D.handing3.A.also B.nearly C.then D.somehow4.A.inspired B.puzzled C.shocked D.amused5.A.running B.waiting C.remaining D.starting6.A.heavier B.faster C.tighter D.lighter7.A.trick B.joke C.collection D.person8.A.hit B.boost C.blowD.move9.A.dueto B.insteadofC.despite D.besides10.A.put B.reach C.break D.hold11.A.satisfied B.alone C.practical D.ordinary12.A.worksout B.putsoutC.makesout D.pointsout13.A.since B.before C.because D.as14.A.findings B.alternativesC.advances D.information15.A.difficult B.possibleC.important D.excitingTest2體裁:說明文詞數(shù):238話題:氣候變化建議用時:15分鐘AsourEarth’stemperaturewarmsupbecauseofclimatechange,itishavingunexpectedeffectsonourworld’sforests.Whentemperaturerises,treesclosetheirskinsto__1__thelossofwater,andthis,inturn,slowsdownthe__2__ofphotosynthesis(光合作用).Asaresult,thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly,aswellashavea__3__deathrate.

Climatechangealsoincreasesthe__4__ofdroughtsandwildfires.Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto__5__,andinsomecases,theforestsare__6__permanently.Treesthatarestressedarealso__7__toattacksbybacteria(細(xì)菌).Intropicalforests,vinesthatusethetreesas__8__canoftenchokethetreesandrobthemofnutrients.Finally,humanshave__9__theforestlandscapethroughlogging.Whentreesarereplantedonthesoil,theywillnevergrowaslargeasthe__10__treesthatwerecutdown.

Astheseforestsdisappear,speciesthatoncecalledthem“home”areforcedtochange,__11__thevarietyofthosesystems.__12__,someendangeredspeciesareunableto__13__anddie.Old-growthforestsaredisappearinginallregionsofourworld.Whenthoseforestsdie,youngerforeststhatarereestablishedinthesameareagrowbackweakerandsmaller__14__poorvegetation.Withtreesdyingincreasinglyandcontinuously,willfuturegenerations__15__outonthewondersofforests?

1.A.protect B.prevent C.save D.free2.A.movement B.situation C.process D.operation3.A.higher B.firmer C.lighter D.smaller4.A.choice B.measureC.qualification D.chance5.A.grow B.rescue C.recover D.decline6.A.ignored B.lost C.hurt D.left7.A.accessible B.enjoyableC.acceptable D.favorable8.A.attention B.command C.trust D.support9.A.frightened B.paid C.ruined D.wasted10.A.common B.original C.distant D.strong11.A.affecting B.improvingC.forgetting D.reflecting12.A.Besides B.SurprisinglyC.Otherwise D.Unfortunately13.A.devote B.keep C.adapt D.lead14.A.dueto B.inadditiontoC.insteadof D.inspiteof15.A.pass B.miss C.break D.bringTest3體裁:說明文詞數(shù):331話題:環(huán)境與生物建議用時:15分鐘Adetailedstudyofbiologicaldiversityintownandcitygardenshasfoundthattheyofferavitalrefugeforanimalsandplants.Ithasalsofoundthatmanyoftheideasaboutwildlifegardeningarenot__1__.Infact,smallgardensarejustasgoodasbiggardensat__2__wildlife;suburbangardensarenotalwaysbetterthancitygardensandnon-nativeplantsarenotalwaysharmfultonativeinsectsandbirds.Britain’s16,000,000gardensarearefugeforhundredsofspeciesofanimalsandplantsthatwouldfindit__3__tosurviveonintensively(集中地)farmedland.Accordingtothestudy,gardensareamazinglyvariedevencomparedto__4__environmentsthataregoodforwildlife.Smallgardensaremoreinteresting__5__theyvaryagreatdealinbotanicalenvironment.Allthewildliferespondstothevariation.

KenThompsonofSheffieldUniversitywasinvolvedinthefirstdetailedstudyofthe__6__livinginBritishgardenswhenheandhiscolleaguessurveyed61gardensinSheffield.Theyreallyfounda(n)__7__diversityofplantsandanimals.Theyalsoidentifiedarangeofsimple__8__thatimprovedagarden’senvironmentforwildlife.Thetopthingistogrowmorebigtreesasthesegreatly__9__thevolumeofvegetationinthegardenandalotof__10__meansalotofplacestoliveinandalotofthingstoeat.__11__,createapondforinsectsandfrogs.Thinkbeforestockingitwithfishwhichwilleatinsecteggs.Also,itisnotwisetolightupthegardenatnightwithbrightlawnlamps,whichwill__12__manynightcreatures.Finally,don’tbetootidy:don’tbe__13__toclearupeverythingwhenthegardenstopsflowering.Just__14__abitofthingslyingaround.

Tosumup,peoplewhowanttoturntheirgardensintowildliferefugesshould__15__andletthegrassgrowtall,theflowersturntoseedandtreesexpandskyward.

1.A.true B.basic C.vivid D.simple2.A.selecting B.importing C.offeringD.attracting3.A.impossible B.illegal C.lucky D.convenient4.A.peaceful B.warm C.natural D.clean5.A.before B.unless C.but D.because6.A.wildlife B.men C.germs D.pets7.A.confusing B.complete C.surprising D.orderly8.A.measures B.standards C.services D.functions9.A.occupy B.increase C.limit D.reduce10.A.vegetation B.reservationC.preparation D.decoration11.A.Bycontrast B.AsaresultC.Inotherwords D.Inaddition12.A.block B.disturb C.benefit D.protect13.A.inamess B.inawayC.inahurry D.inawhile14.A.forget B.remove C.avoid D.leave15.A.escape B.relax C.strive D.retireTest4體裁:說明文詞數(shù):300話題:文化與動物建議用時:15分鐘What’sthefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyouthinkoftheword“culture”?Doyouthinkofdifferentgroupsofpeopleacrosstheworldwithvarious__1__andclothing?Whataboutanimals?

SamWilliams,executivedirectoroftheMacaw(金剛鸚鵡)RecoveryNetworkinCostaRica,helpsto__2__theimpactofthedeclineofmacawpopulationsbytakingbirdsthatwereborn__3__andreleasingthemintothewild.Butthisprocessisvery__4__.

“Inacage,youcan’t__5__themtoknowwhere,whenandhowtofindthatfood,orabouttreeswithgoodnestsites,”WilliamstoldecologistandwriterCarlSafinaforTheGuardian.Inthewild,theparentswouldbetheonestoteachthemthisimportant__6__.

Thistypeofknowledgeisknownasculturalknowledge.Culturalknowledgecanbe__7__fromtheoldergenerationtothenewerone.Formanyspecies,culturalknowledgeisnecessaryfor__8__.

Culturehelpsanimalsto__9__differenthabitats.Forexample,somecrows(烏鴉)havelearnedtoputnutsinthemiddleoftheroadforcarstodriveover.Andinotherareas,theyhavelearnedtodothisatintersectionssotheycan__10__getthefoodwhenthecarsstopatredlights.

Otherimportantpartsofculturalknowledgeincludethingslikegroupidentity,usingdifferenttools,takingdifferent__11__routesandusingdifferentso