2025年英語專業(yè)四級完形填空試題解析：自然科學深度探索

2025年英語專業(yè)四級完形填空試題解析：自然科學深度探索一、選擇題（每題1分，共15分）1.Thestudyoftheuniversehasledtothediscoveryofmanyfascinatingfactsabout__________.A.theEarth'satmosphereB.outerspaceC.thesolarsystemD.themoon2.Thetheoryofevolutionissupportedbyevidencefrom__________.A.paleontologyB.geologyC.chemistryD.physics3.Photosynthesisisaprocessthatconverts__________intoglucose.A.sunlightB.carbondioxideC.waterD.alloftheabove4.TheDopplereffectisobservedwhen__________.A.asourceofsoundmovestowardsanobserverB.asourceofsoundmovesawayfromanobserverC.anobservermovestowardsasourceofsoundD.anobservermovesawayfromasourceofsound5.Thegreenhouseeffectiscausedby__________.A.thereflectionofsunlightbytheEarth'ssurfaceB.theabsorptionofinfraredradiationbytheatmosphereC.thereleaseofheatfromtheEarth'sinteriorD.therotationoftheEarthonitsaxis二、填空題（每空1分，共10分）6.Theprocessofphotosynthesistakesplaceinthe__________ofplants.7.The__________theoryexplainstheformationofthesolarsystem.8.The__________effectisusedtomeasurethespeedofstars.9.The__________isthemostdistantobjectthatcanbeseenwiththenakedeye.10.The__________layeroftheEarthiscomposedofsolidrock.三、翻譯題（每題2分，共10分）11.ThestudyoftheEarth'scrusthasrevealedtheexistenceofmanymineralsandmetalsthatareessentialforhumansurvival.12.ThetheoryofplatetectonicsexplainsthemovementoftheEarth'slithosphere,whichleadstotheformationofmountains,volcanoes,andearthquakes.13.TheDopplereffecthasbeenusedtostudytheexpansionoftheuniverseandthemotionofgalaxies.14.ThegreenhouseeffectisanaturalprocessthathelpstomaintaintheEarth'stemperature,buthumanactivitieshaveincreaseditsintensity.15.ThediscoveryoftheDNAmoleculehasrevolutionizedourunderstandingofgeneticsandtheinheritanceoftraits.四、簡答題（每題5分，共15分）16.BrieflyexplaintheprocessofphotosynthesisanditsimportancetolifeonEarth.17.Describethemaincharacteristicsofthetheoryofplatetectonicsanditsimpactongeologicalphenomena.18.DiscusstheroleofthegreenhouseeffectinregulatingtheEarth'stemperatureandtheconsequencesofhuman-inducedclimatechange.五、閱讀理解（每題2分，共10分）19.Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollow."TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehasprovidedscientistswithawealthofinformationaboutdistantgalaxies.Oneofthemostsignificantdiscoverieshasbeentheobservationoftheexpansionoftheuniverse.ThisobservationhashelpedtorefineourunderstandingoftheBigBangtheoryandtheageoftheuniverse."Questions:a.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope?b.WhatdiscoveryhastheHubbleSpaceTelescopehelpedtorefine?c.WhatdoestheobservationoftheexpansionoftheuniversesuggestabouttheBigBangtheory?d.Howdoesthisdiscoveryrelatetotheageoftheuniverse?20.Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollow."Thedevelopmentofnewmaterialshasledtoadvancementsinvariousfields,suchasmedicine,technology,andconstruction.Onesuchmaterialisgraphene,whichisasinglelayerofcarbonatomsarrangedinahexagonallattice.Graphenehasuniquepropertiesthatmakeithighlydesirableforvariousapplications."Questions:a.Whatisthematerialbeingdiscussedinthepassage?b.Whatisthestructureofgraphene?c.Whataresomeoftheuniquepropertiesofgraphene?d.Whataresomepotentialapplicationsofgraphene?六、作文（15分）Writeanessayonthetopic"TheImportanceofScientificResearchinAdvancingHumanKnowledge."Youressayshouldbeapproximately300wordsinlength,includinganintroduction,bodyparagraphs,andaconclusion.Ensurethatyousupportyourpointswithexamplesfromthefieldsof自然科學(naturalsciences).本次試卷答案如下：一、選擇題（每題1分，共15分）1.B解析：研究宇宙的自然科學主要涉及外太空，因此選擇B項。2.A解析：進化論的證據(jù)主要來自古生物學，包括化石記錄。3.D解析：光合作用是將陽光、二氧化碳和水轉(zhuǎn)化為葡萄糖的過程。4.B解析：多普勒效應是當聲源遠離觀察者時，觀察到的聲波頻率降低的現(xiàn)象。5.B解析：溫室效應是由大氣層吸收紅外輻射造成的，導致地球溫度升高。二、填空題（每空1分，共10分）6.chloroplasts解析：光合作用發(fā)生在植物的葉綠體中。7.nebular解析：星云假說解釋了太陽系的形成。8.Doppler解析：多普勒效應用于測量恒星的速度。9.AndromedaGalaxy解析：仙女座星系是肉眼可見的最遠的天體。10.crust解析：地殼是由固體巖石組成的地球最外層。三、翻譯題（每題2分，共10分）11.研究地殼揭示了存在許多對人類生存至關重要的礦產(chǎn)和金屬。12.地殼板塊構(gòu)造理論解釋了地殼板塊的運動，導致山脈、火山和地震的形成。13.多普勒效應已被用于研究宇宙的膨脹和星系的運動。14.溫室效應是一種有助于維持地球溫度的自然過程，但人類活動已加劇了其強度。15.DNA分子的發(fā)現(xiàn)徹底改變了我們對遺傳學和性狀遺傳的理解。四、簡答題（每題5分，共15分）16.光合作用是植物通過葉綠體利用陽光將二氧化碳和水轉(zhuǎn)化為葡萄糖和氧氣的過程。它對地球上的生命至關重要，因為它提供了食物鏈的基礎，是氧氣的主要來源，并且是地球上碳循環(huán)的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)。17.地殼板塊構(gòu)造理論認為地球的外殼分為多個大板塊，這些板塊在地球表面移動。這種移動導致了地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象，如山脈的形成、地震和火山爆發(fā)。該理論解釋了地球表面的大規(guī)模地質(zhì)變化。18.溫室效應是大氣層中的氣體（如二氧化碳）吸收和重新輻射地球表面釋放的熱量，從而保持地球溫度的過程。人類活動，如燃燒化石燃料和砍伐森林，增加了大氣中的溫室氣體濃度，導致溫室效應加劇，引起全球氣候變暖。五、閱讀理解（每題2分，共10分）19.a.ThemainpurposeoftheHubbleSpaceTelescopeistoprovidescientistswithawealthofinformationaboutdistantgalaxies.b.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehashelpedtorefineourunderstandingoftheBigBangtheory.c.TheobservationoftheexpansionoftheuniversesuggeststhattheBigBangtheoryiscorrect.d.Thisdiscoveryrelatestotheageoftheuniversebyprovidingevidencethattheuniverseisexpandingandhasbeendoingsosinceitsinception.20.a.Thematerialbeingdiscussedinthepassageisgraphene.b.Grapheneisasinglelayerofcarbonatomsarrangedinahexagonallattice.c.Someuniquepropertiesofgrapheneincludeitshighstrength,electricalconductivity,andflexibility.d.Potentialapplicationsofgrapheneincludeelectronics,energystorage,andcompositematerials.六、作文（15分）TheImportanceofScientificResearchinAdvancingHumanKnowledgeScientificresearchisacornerstoneofhumanprogress,drivinginnovationandexpandingourunderstandingoftheworld.Itplaysavitalroleinadvancinghumanknowledge,leadingtotechnologicaladvancements,medicalbreakthroughs,andimprovementsinourqualityoflife.Oneoftheprimaryreasonsscientificresearchisimportantisitsabilitytouncoverthemysteriesofthenaturalworld.Throughresearch,scientistshavediscoveredthelawsofphysics,thestructureofatoms,andthemechanismsofbiologicalprocesses.Thesediscoverieshavenotonlydeepenedourunderstandingoftheuniversebuthavealsopavedthewayfortechnologicalinnovationsthathavetransformedsociety.Technologicaladvancementsareadirectresultofscientificresearch.Forexample,thedevelopmentoftheinternet,smartphones,andcomputerswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthefoundationalresearchinelectronicsandcomputerscience.Thesetechnologieshaverevolutionizedcommunication,informationaccess,andproductivity,makingourlivesmoreconvenientandinterconnected.Medicalresearchhasalsobeeninstrumentalinimprovinghumanhealthandlongevity.Advancesinthefieldsofgenetics,immunology,andpharmacologyhaveledtothedevelopmentofvaccines,antibiotics,andtreatmentsforpreviouslyincurablediseases.Theseadvancementshavesavedcountlesslivesandimprovedthequalityoflifeformillionsofpeople.Scientificresearchisalsocrucialforaddressingglobalchallengessuchasclimatechange,environmentaldegradation,andresourcescarcity.Bystudyingtheseissue