2025PETS二級試卷：人工智能倫理英語試題解析

2025PETS二級試卷：人工智能倫理英語試題解析考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、Multiple-ChoiceQuestions要求：Choosethebestanswerfromthefouroptionstocompleteeachsentence.1.Theconceptof"artificialintelligence"referstomachinesthatcanperformtasksthatwouldtypicallyrequirehumanintelligence,suchas:a.Learningfromexperience.b.Recognizingspokenlanguage.c.Solvingcomplexmathematicalproblems.d.Alloftheabove.2.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsinthefieldofartificialintelligenceethicsisthepotentialfor:a.Dataprivacyviolations.b.Biasanddiscrimination.c.Jobdisplacement.d.Alloftheabove.3.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofa"weakAI"?a.Asystemthatcanonlyperformonespecifictask,suchasrecognizingimages.b.Asystemthatcanperformmultipletasksbutcannotgeneralizeitsknowledgetonewsituations.c.Asystemthatcanlearnfromexperienceandadapttonewsituations.d.Asystemthatcanperformtasksacrossdifferentdomainsandcangeneralizeitsknowledgetonewsituations.4.The"Chineseroomargument"wasproposedby:a.JohnSearle.b.AlanTuring.c.NoamChomsky.d.JohnMcCarthy.5.The"precautionaryprinciple"inartificialintelligenceethicssuggeststhat:a.WeshouldonlydevelopAIthatisbeneficialtohumans.b.WeshouldonlydevelopAIthatiscapableofperformingcomplextasks.c.WeshouldonlydevelopAIthatistransparentandexplainable.d.WeshouldonlydevelopAIthatiscontrolledbyhumans.6.OneofthemainchallengesincreatingethicalAIis:a.Determiningwhatconstitutesamoraldecision.b.EnsuringthatAIsystemsarereliableandaccurate.c.Balancingtheneedforinnovationwiththeneedforethicalconsiderations.d.Alloftheabove.7.Theterm"neuroethics"referstothestudyof:a.Theethicalimplicationsofneuroscience.b.Theethicalimplicationsofartificialintelligence.c.Theethicalimplicationsofhuman-computerinteraction.d.Theethicalimplicationsofallaspectsofcognitivescience.8.OneofthekeyargumentsinfavorofusingAIinhealthcareis:a.AIcanhelpdoctorsmakemoreaccuratediagnoses.b.AIcanreducethecostofhealthcare.c.AIcanimprovepatientoutcomes.d.Alloftheabove.9.The"asymmetryofconcern"inAIethicsreferstotheideathat:a.WearemoreconcernedabouttheharmcausedbyAIthanthebenefitsitprovides.b.WearemoreconcernedaboutthepotentialforAItobecomeautonomousthanthepotentialforittobecomebiased.c.WearemoreconcernedaboutthepotentialforAItoreplacehumanjobsthanthepotentialforittocauseaccidents.d.Alloftheabove.10.OneofthemaingoalsofAIethicsisto:a.EnsurethatAIsystemsaresafeandreliable.b.PromotepublictrustinAI.c.Preventharmtoindividualsandsociety.d.Alloftheabove.二、TrueorFalseQuestions要求：Indicatewhethereachstatementistrueorfalse.1.Artificialintelligencehasnoethicalimplicationsbecauseitissimplyatool.2.AIethicsisprimarilyconcernedwiththepotentialforAItobecomeautonomous.3.The"righttoexplanation"inAIethicsreferstotherightofindividualstounderstandhowAIsystemsmakedecisions.4.AIbiascanbeaddressedbyusingmorediversetrainingdata.5.Theconceptof"artificialgeneralintelligence"referstoasystemthatcanperformanyintellectualtaskthatahumancan.6.The"fairness,accountability,andtransparency"(FAT)frameworkisasetofguidelinesfordevelopingethicalAIsystems.7.AIethicsisanewfieldofstudythathasonlyemergedinthepastfewyears.8.The"precautionaryprinciple"inAIethicssuggeststhatweshouldonlydevelopAIthatisbeneficialtohumans.9.The"asymmetryofconcern"inAIethicssuggeststhatwearemoreconcernedaboutthepotentialforAItocauseaccidentsthanthepotentialforittoreplacehumanjobs.10.OneofthemaingoalsofAIethicsistoensurethatAIsystemsaresafeandreliable.四、ShortAnswerQuestions要求：Writeabriefresponsetoeachquestion.1.Explaintheconceptof"AIwinter"anditsimplicationsforthefieldofartificialintelligence.2.Describethedifferencebetween"artificialnarrowintelligence"(ANI)and"artificialgeneralintelligence"(AGI).3.DiscussthepotentialethicalissuesassociatedwiththeuseofAIinautonomousvehicles.五、EssayQuestions要求：Writeawell-structuredessayinresponsetothefollowingquestion.4.AnalyzethepotentialimpactofAIonemploymentandthelabormarket.HowcansocietyadapttothechallengesandopportunitiespresentedbyAI-drivenautomation?六、MatchingQuestions要求：Matchthefollowingtermswiththeircorrectdefinitions.1.Explainability2.ExplainableAI(XAI)3.EthicalAI4.Bias5.Fairnessa.ThedegreetowhichanAIsystem'sdecisionsareunderstandabletohumans.b.Thefieldofstudythatexaminestheethicalimplicationsofartificialintelligence.c.TheconceptthatAIsystemsshouldmakedecisionsthatarefairandunbiased.d.ThesystematicerrorinAImodelsthatleadstounfairoutcomes.e.AnAIsystemthatcanprovideexplanationsforitsdecisions.本次試卷答案如下：一、Multiple-ChoiceQuestions1.d.Alloftheabove.解析：人工智能（AI）的概念涵蓋了機(jī)器執(zhí)行通常需要人類智能的任務(wù)，包括學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、識別語音和解決復(fù)雜數(shù)學(xué)問題。2.d.Alloftheabove.解析：人工智能倫理的主要擔(dān)憂包括數(shù)據(jù)隱私侵犯、偏見和歧視，以及工作流失。3.a.Asystemthatcanonlyperformonespecifictask,suchasrecognizingimages.解析：弱人工智能是指只能執(zhí)行單一特定任務(wù)的系統(tǒng)，不能泛化其知識到新情況。4.a.JohnSearle.解析：“中國房間論證”是由哲學(xué)家約翰·塞爾提出的，用于質(zhì)疑人工智能是否能夠真正理解語言。5.d.WeshouldonlydevelopAIthatiscontrolledbyhumans.解析：“預(yù)防性原則”建議我們只開發(fā)由人類控制的AI，以避免潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。6.d.Alloftheabove.解析：創(chuàng)建倫理AI的主要挑戰(zhàn)包括確定什么構(gòu)成道德決策、確保AI系統(tǒng)的可靠性和準(zhǔn)確性，以及平衡創(chuàng)新和倫理考慮。7.a.Theethicalimplicationsofneuroscience.解析：“神經(jīng)倫理學(xué)”是指研究神經(jīng)科學(xué)倫理問題的領(lǐng)域。8.d.Alloftheabove.解析：人工智能在醫(yī)療保健中的主要優(yōu)勢包括幫助醫(yī)生做出更準(zhǔn)確的診斷、降低醫(yī)療保健成本和改善患者結(jié)果。9.b.WearemoreconcernedaboutthepotentialforAItobecomebiasedthanthepotentialforittocauseaccidents.解析：“不對稱的關(guān)注”是指我們更擔(dān)心AI的偏見潛力，而不是它造成事故的潛力。10.d.Alloftheabove.解析：人工智能倫理的主要目標(biāo)包括確保AI系統(tǒng)安全可靠、促進(jìn)公眾對AI的信任以及防止對個(gè)人和社會(huì)造成傷害。二、TrueorFalseQuestions1.False.解析：人工智能有倫理含義，因?yàn)樗婕暗綑C(jī)器如何與人類行為和決策互動(dòng)。2.False.解析：人工智能倫理并不僅僅關(guān)注AI成為自主的潛力，還包括其他倫理問題，如偏見、隱私和數(shù)據(jù)安全。3.True.解析：“可解釋性”是指AI系統(tǒng)決策的可理解性，而“可解釋人工智能”（XAI）是指能夠提供決策解釋的AI系統(tǒng)。4.True.解析：通過使用更多樣化的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)，可以減少AI模型的偏見。5.True.解析：“通用人工智能”（AGI）是指能夠執(zhí)行任何智力任務(wù)的人工智能系統(tǒng)。6.True.解析：“公平性、責(zé)任和透明度”（FAT）框架是一套用于開發(fā)倫理AI系統(tǒng)的指南。7.False.解析：人工智能倫理是一個(gè)相對較新的研究領(lǐng)域，但它的討論和概念已經(jīng)存在一段時(shí)間了。8.True.解析：“預(yù)防性原則”建議我們只開發(fā)對人類有益的人工智能。9.False.解析：“不對稱的關(guān)注”是指我們更擔(dān)心AI的偏見潛力，而不是它造成事故的潛力。10.True.解析：人工智能倫理的一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)是確保AI系統(tǒng)安全可靠。四、ShortAnswerQuestions1.解析：AI冬天是指人工智能領(lǐng)域經(jīng)歷的一段低潮期，通常是由于技術(shù)失敗、資金短缺或公眾對AI的恐懼。它的主要影響是減緩了AI的研究和開發(fā)，導(dǎo)致資金流失和人才流失。2.解析：人工窄人工智能（ANI）是指能夠執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)或解決特定問題的AI系統(tǒng)，如語音識別或圖像識別。人工通用人工智能（AGI）是指能夠執(zhí)行任何智力任務(wù)的人工智能系統(tǒng)，類似于人類的智能。3.解析：自動(dòng)駕駛汽車中的AI倫理問題包括責(zé)任歸屬、隱私侵犯和決策透明度。如果自動(dòng)駕駛汽車發(fā)生事故，很難確定責(zé)任方是AI系統(tǒng)還是人類駕駛員。此外，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車可能會(huì)收集大量個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)，引發(fā)隱私問題。此外，AI系統(tǒng)的決策過程可能不夠透明，難以理解。五、EssayQuestio