湖北省2024-2025學年高三下學期4月期中聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省2024-2025學年高三下學期4月期中聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AHereareseveralplaceswhichwillsurpriseyou.DeathValley,California,USAVerylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.Kebili,TunisiaTunisia’scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.Thepeopleinhabitingtheareahaveadjustedtotoughconditionsandlearnedtospendmostoftheirtimeintheshade.Datepalmsareoneofthekeyfeaturesofthisplace.WādīHalfā,SudanThecityislocatedontheshoresofLakeNubia,andduststormsareaprettycommonthinginthesummer.Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.YouwouldthinkthatitshouldbealittlebitcoolerforitisthemostnorthernplaceinSudan.Dasht-eLutDesert,IranIt’sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.Thesaltdesertspreadsover200milesandevenwildlifeisnotthatspread.Theplaceispopularwithtouristsandnaturalistswhowouldliketoexperienceextremelandscapes.1.WhatcanwesayaboutDeathValley?A.Thereislittlerainfallinit. B.Over1,000peoplelivethere.C.Thereisnothingbutdryhotsandinit. D.Itsaveragetemperatureis56.7℃.2.Whichplacehasthehighesttemperatureeverrecorded?A.DeathValley. B.Dasht-eLutDesert.C.WādīHalfā. D.Kebili.3.Whatdothefourplaceshaveincommon?A.Theyareplacessuitabletosettlein.B.Theyarelocatedclosetodeserts.C.Theyarethehottestplacesonearth.D.Theyaremorepopularwithtouriststhanotherplaces.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了讓人大吃一驚的四個不同的地方，它們共同的特點是都非常炎熱?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“DeathValley,California,USA”下文詳細介紹“Verylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.(這個地方晚上很熱鬧，但白天完全死氣沉沉，只不過是干熱的沙漠。它實際上保持著最熱空氣溫度的記錄。它的平均溫度為46℃，但在1913年達到了56.7℃，被認為是目前的記錄。作為美國最干旱的地方，這個地方實際上有人居住，盡管那里只有不到1000人。)”可知DeathValley是美國最干旱的地區(qū)；由此可知，這個地方很少下雨。故選A。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“DeathValley,California,USA”下文中的“Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.(它實際上保持著最高氣溫的記錄。它的平均氣溫為46℃，但在1913年達到了56.7℃，被認為是目前的記錄。)”、“Kebili,Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.(突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它應該是涼爽宜人的，但Kebili是一個沙漠小鎮(zhèn)，有記錄的最高溫度為55℃。)”、“WādīHalfā,Sudan”下文中的“Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.(這里的平均氣溫為41℃，但在1967年卻達到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-eLutDesert,Iran”下文中的“It’sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.(這是另一個無人居住的沙漠，實際上變得超級熱。在過去的20年里，已有溫度達到了70℃的記錄。)”可知，有記載的最高溫度在伊朗的Dasht-eLut沙漠，達到70℃。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“DeathValley,California,USA”下文中的“Verylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.(晚上非常熱鬧，但白天完全死氣沉沉，這個地方只不過是干燥炎熱的沙漠。它實際上保持著最熱空氣溫度的記錄。它的平均溫度為46°C，但在1913年已達到56.7°C，被認為是目前的記錄。作為美國最干燥的地方，這個地方實際上也有人居住，盡管只有不到一千人居住在那里。)”、“Kebili,Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.Thepeopleinhabitingtheareahaveadjustedtotoughconditionsandlearnedtospendmostoftheirtimeintheshade.(突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它應該是涼爽宜人的，但Kebili是一個沙漠小鎮(zhèn)，有記錄的最高溫度為55℃。居住在該地區(qū)的人們已經(jīng)適應了惡劣的條件，并學會了大部分時間都在陰涼處度過。)”、“WādīHalfā,Sudan”下文中的“ThecityislocatedontheshoresofLakeNubia,andduststormsareaprettycommonthinginthesummer.Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.(這座城市位于努比亞湖畔，沙塵暴在夏天是很常見的事情。這里的平均氣溫為41℃，但在1967年卻達到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-eLutDesert,Iran”下文中的“It’sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.Thesaltdesertspreadsover200milesandevenwildlifeisnotthatspread.Theplaceispopularwithtouristsandnaturalistswhowouldliketoexperienceextremelandscapes.(這是另一個無人居住的沙漠，實際上變得超級熱。在過去的20年里，氣溫達到了70℃。鹽沙漠綿延200多英里，甚至連野生動物都沒有那么廣泛。這個地方很受想體驗極端風景的游客和博物學家的歡迎。)”可知，這四個地區(qū)共同之處是它們都是地球上最熱的地方。故選C。BRecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.Inwinter,theabilitytoreachshelterforthenightcouldbethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Oneoftheveryearliestway-marksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.Thisappliedtoremotepartsofthecountrywheretheremightbeconfusionastowhichpathledtothenearestmarkettown.Later,withtheappearanceoftheRoyalMail,thenumberrosestillfurther.Nowadaysmanyoftheseearlyroadsignsaredesignated(指定)asListedMonuments.“Howtimeschange!”Lucy,anenthusiasticwalker,towhomIloanedthebook,exclaimed.“Isupposenowweallrelyfarmoreuponmobilephonestoguideus.”“Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”Lucyisquiterightthere.Lifeitselfcanofferusagreatmanychoicesofpath,andsometimesitisn’teasytoknowifwe’vechosenthebestone.Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.Afterall,we’dbelostwithoutthem!4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Signposts. B.Abilities. C.Settlements. D.Shelters.5.Whatcontributedtotheinitialspreadofsignposts?A.Themarkettrade. B.Theactpassedin1697.C.Thediscoveryofthesandstone. D.TheappearanceoftheRoyalMail.6.WhatdoesLucythinkofsignposts?A.Popular. B.Outdated. C.Imperfect. D.Helpful.7.Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromsignposts?A.Tochooserighttracks. B.Toliveacolorfullife.C.Tohaveagratefulmind. D.Toofferpracticalchoices.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者最近買了一本關于路標的書，以及從書中掌握了解到關于路標的知識。【4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“RecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!(最近我買了一本關于路標的書。你在想，路標沒什么意思。嗯，那當然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了！)”及劃線詞所在句“Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.(當定居點更小、距離更遠的時候，古代旅行者會很感激這些)”可知，劃線單詞these指的就是上文中提到的路標。故選A項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“OneoftheveryearliestwaymarksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.(最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的路標之一是在坎布里亞郡。它始建于羅馬時代，直到1836年，一個農(nóng)民在耕地時偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個砂巖井。還有一些石柱已經(jīng)矗立在路邊幾個世紀了。直到1697年才通過一項法案，宣布必須建造路標)”可知，1697年通過的法案促成了路標最初的傳播。故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段““Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”(“然而，它們并不完美。無論我什么時候出去，我都喜歡帶著地圖。我從來不用擔心沒電了?！盁o論誰在沿途設置路標，我都很感激，”她補充說，“我想，無論我們多么確定，一點外界的確認總是受歡迎的?！?”可推知，露西對路標的看法是認為它是有幫助的。故選D項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.(也許說到感恩，我們也應該感謝那些在我們最需要他們的時候出現(xiàn)在我們生活中的人——他們要么溫和地警告我們可能走錯了方向，要么安慰我們走在正確的道路上。畢竟，沒有他們我們會迷路的！)”可推知，作者從路標中學到了要有感恩的心。故選C項。CScientistsatPurdueUniversitycreatedtheworld’swhitestpaint—adiscoverythatnotonlyaddsyetanotherchoicetothe“whichwhiteshouldwepaintthiswall”dilemma,butalsomighthelptheclimatecrisis.ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.“Whenwestartedthisprojectsevenyearsago,wehadsavingenergyandfightingclimatechangeinmind,”Ruansaidinapodcast(播客)episodeofThisIsPurdue.Theywantedtocreateapaintthatwouldreflectsunlightawayfromabuilding,dramaticallydecreasingtheneedforairconditioning.Heating,cooling,andlightingaccountfor28percentoftheworld’stotalgreenhousegasemissions.Andoverusingairconditioningcanoverwhelmacity’spowergridandcauseblackouts(停電).InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(紅外線的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(澆)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.8.Whatisknownaboutthepaint?A.Ithasdifferentcolors. B.Itdoesn’tcostmuch.C.Itusesheatingtechnology. D.Itisclimate-friendly.9.WhatistheQueensblackoutmentionedtoshow?A.Thepoormanagementofpower. B.Thesignificanceofthepaint.C.Theimportanceofairconditioning. D.Theresultofglobalwarming.10.WhichaspectofthepaintistalkedaboutinParagraph4?A.Itsapplication. B.Itsfunction.C.Itscomposition. D.Itsdisadvantage.11.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Thequalityofthepaintneedsimproving.B.Thepaintwillbringprofitstothe100companies.C.Researcherswanttoseethepaintincommercialuse.D.Individualeffortsmatterincreatingthewhitestpaint.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了普渡大學的科學家們創(chuàng)造了世界上最白的涂料——這一發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅為“我們應該把這面墻涂成哪種白色”的困境增加了另一個選擇，而且可能有助于解決氣候危機?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.”（這種涂料是由普渡大學機械工程教授阮秀林和他的團隊開發(fā)的。它的工作原理是一種被動冷卻技術，這種技術很有希望降低空間冷卻成本和全球變暖。）可知，關于涂料我們知道它是氣候友好型的。故選D項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.”（在2006年皇后區(qū)的一次大停電中，17.5萬人沒有電，導致40人死亡。在一些地方，這種涂料可以有效地替代空調(diào)。）可推知，皇后區(qū)停電事件是為了說明涂料的意義。故選B項?！?0題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(紅外線的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.”（這種涂料能反射98.1%的太陽輻射，同時還能發(fā)出紅外線。由于這種涂料從太陽吸收的熱量比散發(fā)的熱量少，涂上這種涂料的表面可以在不使用電力的情況下冷卻到周圍溫度以下。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，用這種涂料覆蓋1000平方英尺的屋頂可以產(chǎn)生10千瓦的冷卻功率?！斑@比大多數(shù)家庭使用的空調(diào)更強大，”阮告訴ThisIsPurdue。）可知，第4段主要談論了涂料的功能方面的內(nèi)容。故選B項?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(澆)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.”（你現(xiàn)在還不能買到這種涂料，但研究人員正在與一家公司合作，將這種涂料推向市場。雖然個人行動對抗氣候變化可以幫助拯救我們的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上絕大多數(shù)溫室氣體排放可以追溯到100家公司。也許我們可以把這些公司也涂上這種白漆——值得一試。）可推知，從最后一段可以得知研究人員希望看到這種涂料在商業(yè)上的應用。故選C項。DHumanresponsestomoraldilemmas(兩難選擇)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbytheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports.Thefindingsindicatethatusersmayunderestimatetheextenttowhichtheirownmoraljudgmentscanbeinfluencedbythechatbot.SebastianKrigelandcolleaguesaskedChatGPTmultipletimeswhetheritisrighttosacrifice(犧牲)thelifeofonepersoninordertosavethelivesoffiveothers.TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立場).Theauthorsthenpresented767U.S.participants,whowereonaverage39yearsold,withadilemmawhethertosacrificeoneperson’slifetosavefiveothers.Beforeanswering,participantsreadastatementprovidedbyChatGPTarguingeitherfororagainstsacrificingonelifetosavefive.StatementswerefromeitheramoraladvisororChatGPT.Afteranswering,participantswereaskedwhetherthestatementtheyreadinfluencedtheiranswers.Eightypercentofparticipantsreportedthattheiranswerswerenotinfluencedbythestatementstheyread.However,theauthorsfoundthattheanswersparticipantsbelievedtheywouldhaveprovidedwithoutreadingthestatementswerestillmorelikelytoagreewiththemoralstanceofthestatementtheydidreadthanwiththeoppositestance.ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfutureresearchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings.12.WhatareChatGPT’sanswerstoacertainmoralstancelikeaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Inconsistent. B.Valuable. C.Creative. D.Simple.13.Whatislearnedabouttheparticipants?A.TheyadmittedthepowerofChatGPT.B.Theywereinterviewedbyamoraladvisor.C.TheywereaffectedbyChatGPTunknowingly.D.Theywerepresentedwithdifferentmoraldilemmas.14.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Differentfindingsofthestudy. B.Futurepotentialsforchatbots.C.Majorfocusesoffutureeducation. D.Solutionstotheimpactofchatbots.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ChatGPTTendstoCauseMoralPanics B.ChatGPT:IsItLikelytoAffectOurLife?C.ChatGPT:WhyIsItMakingUsSoNervous? D.ChatGPTCanInfluenceHumanMoralJudgments【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了發(fā)表在《科學報告》上的一項研究表明，人類對道德困境的反應可能會受到人工智能聊天機器人ChatGPT所寫語句的影響。文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，最后提到了解決聊天機器人影響的方法?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立場).(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，ChatGPT隨機寫出支持或反對犧牲一條生命的陳述，這表明它并不偏向于某種道德立場)”可推知，ChatGPT對某種道德立場的回答不一致。故選A?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.(這表明參與者可能低估了ChatGPT的陳述對他們自己道德判斷的影響)”可知，參與者在不知不覺中受到了ChatGPT的影響。故選C?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfutureresearchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings.(作者認為，聊天機器人影響人類道德判斷的潛力凸顯了教育的必要性，以幫助人類更好地理解人工智能。他們提出，未來的研究應該設計出這樣的聊天機器人：要么拒絕回答需要道德判斷的問題，要么通過提供多種論證和警告來回答這些問題)”可知，最后一段主要講解決聊天機器人影響人類道德判斷力的方法。故選D?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Humanresponsestomoraldilemmas(兩難選擇)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbytheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports.(發(fā)表在《科學報告》上的一項研究表明，人類對道德困境的反應可能會受到人工智能聊天機器人ChatGPT所寫言論的影響)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.(這表明參與者可能低估了ChatGPT的陳述對他們自己道德判斷的影響)”并結(jié)合文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，最后提到了解決聊天機器人影響的方法。可知，D選項“ChatGPT可以影響人類的道德判斷”最符合文章標題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepeople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutonthesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood.____16____XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedtoWesternchess,thereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.____17____Andinthe20thcenturybothSunYat-senandZhouEnlaiwerebigfansofthegame.And,thoughitmaylookquiteabitdifferentthanWesternchess,Xiangqiisactuallyquitesimilarinwhatthepiecescandoandhowthegameisplayed.LikeWesternchess,theobjectofthegameistocapturetheotherplayer’s“king”.____18____UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionsoflines.AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.____19____ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhereLiuBangandXiangYuhadalife-or-deathwar.Thewarwassoinfluentialthat“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”hasbecomeametaphor(隱喻)referringtoanyboundarybetweentwoopposingarmies.WhentheChinesepeopletodayseethisnameontheboard,thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughtheyaresurroundedbythicksmoke,abletohearthebeatingofwardrums.____20____A.Actually,inXiangqiheisjustageneral.B.DuringtheQingDynastyitspopularitygrew.C.Itiscalled“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”.D.ThegameiscalledXiangqi,agameofordinarypeople.E.TherearemanydifferencesbetweenXiangqiandWesternchess.F.Anintensebattleisabouttotakeplaceonthissmallchessboard.G.SeveralsayingsrelatedtoXiangqiareincommonuseinChinatoday.【答案】16.D17.B18.A19.C20.F【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國的象棋?！?6題詳析】上文“IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepeople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutonthesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood.”（如果你在夏天去中國的任何一個城市旅行，你會看到人們，大多數(shù)是穿著T恤的男人，坐在人行道上的陰涼處的矮椅子上，用大圓盤木頭玩游戲）描述了下象棋的景象，下文“XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.”（象棋的歷史可以追溯到戰(zhàn)國）介紹象棋可以追溯到戰(zhàn)國時代，所以空處應該指出這個游戲是象棋，D項“這個游戲叫象棋，一個普通人的游戲”符合邏輯關系。故選D?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedtoWesternchess,thereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.”（象棋的歷史可以追溯到戰(zhàn)國。雖然專家們對象棋的創(chuàng)造者以及它與西洋象棋的聯(lián)系有不同的看法，但毫無疑問，到了唐代，象棋在中國已經(jīng)成為一種流行的游戲）介紹象棋在中國歷史悠久，很受歡迎。這里是按時間順序：戰(zhàn)國時期—唐朝，所以空處應該按照時間講唐朝之后的一個時期，象棋的發(fā)展情形。B項“在清朝時期，它的知名度增加了”符合時間邏輯關系。故選B?！?8題詳析】空處位于段末，應承接上文。根據(jù)上文“LikeWesternchess,theobjectofthegameistocapturetheotherplayer’s“king”.”（和西洋象棋一樣，這個游戲的目的是捕捉對手的“國王”）推知，空處應該講述中國象棋中的“王”，A項“其實在象棋里他只是個將軍?！狈项}意。故選A。【19題詳析】上文“UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionsoflines.AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.”（與西方國際象棋不同，棋子不是放在正方形中，而是放在直線的交叉點上。象棋和西洋象棋的另一大區(qū)別是棋盤中間有一大塊空白，象無法通過）提到中國象棋中有個空間是象不能越過的；下文“ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhereLiuBangandXiangYuhadalife-or-deathwar.”（這個空間指的是中國的一個地區(qū)，劉邦和項羽在那里進行了一場生死戰(zhàn)）提到這個空間就是劉邦和項羽打生死戰(zhàn)的地方，所以空處應是對這個空間進行定義，C項“它被稱為“楚河漢界””符合邏輯。故選C。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thewarwassoinfluentialthat“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”hasbecomeametaphor(隱喻)referringtoanyboundarybetweentwoopposingarmies.WhentheChinesepeopletodayseethisnameontheboard,thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughtheyaresurroundedbythicksmoke,abletohearthebeatingofwardrums.”（這場戰(zhàn)爭的影響是如此之大，以至于“楚漢邊界”已經(jīng)成為一個隱喻，指的是兩個敵對軍隊之間的任何邊界。當今天的中國人看到這個名字在黑板上，戰(zhàn)斗的畫面浮現(xiàn)在他們的腦海中，仿佛被濃煙包圍，能夠聽到戰(zhàn)鼓的敲擊聲）提到楚河漢界是一種隱喻，因此下象棋時棋盤也是個戰(zhàn)場，人們看到這個名字就好像沉浸在硝煙四起、戰(zhàn)鼓喧天的戰(zhàn)爭場面。F項“一場激烈的戰(zhàn)斗即將在這個小棋盤上進行”符合邏輯。故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Onesummernightinaseasidecottage,asmallboywasinbed,soundasleep.Suddenly,hefelthimself____21____frombedandcarriedinhisfather’sarmsontothebeach.Overheadwastheclearstarrysky.“Watch!”Ashisfatherspoke,____22____,oneofthestarsmoved.It____23____acrosstheskylikeagoldenfire.Andbeforethe____24____ofthiscouldfade,anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...“Whatisit?”thechildaskedin____25____.“Shootingstars.They____26____everyyearonacertainnightinAugust.”Thatwasall:justan____27____encounterofsomethingmagicandbeautiful.But,backinbed,thechildstaredintothedark,withmindfullofthefallingstars.Iwasthe____28____seven-year-oldboywhosefatherbelievedthatanewexperience____29____moreforasmallboythananunbrokennight’ssleep.Thatnight,myfatheropenedadoorforhischild,leadinghimintoanareaofsplendid____30____.Childrenarenaturallycurious,buttheyneedsomeoneto____31____them.Thisartofaddingnewdimensionstoachild’sworlddoesn’t____32____requireagreatdealoftime.Itsimply____33____doingthingsmoreoftenwithchildreninsteadofforthemortothem.Goodparentsknowthis:Themostpreciousgifttheycangiveachildistosparktheirflameof____34____Thatnightisstilldeeply____35____inmymemory.Nextyear,whenAugustcomeswithitsshootingstars,mysonwillbeseven.21.A.hidden B.robbed C.lifted D.kicked22.A.incredibly B.accidentally C.apparently D.actually23.A.exploded B.circled C.spread D.flashed24.A.success B.wonder C.exhibition D.discovery25.A.amazement B.horror C.relief D.delight26.A.blowup B.turnup C.showoff D.giveout27.A.uncomfortable B.unbearable C.undetected D.unexpected28.A.curious B.determined C.fortunate D.chosen29.A.worked B.mattered C.deserved D.proved30.A.newness B.emptiness C.freedom D.innovation31.A.protect B.challenge C.guide D.believe32.A.absolutely B.basically C.possibly D.necessarily33.A.involves B.risks C.admits D.resists34.A.hope B.curiosity C.faith D.wisdom35.A.trapped B.set C.lost D.rooted【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.A26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了我的父親在我七歲時的一個晚上抱我到海灘看流星，激發(fā)了我的好奇心。進而提到好的父母都知道給孩子的最珍貴的禮物就是激發(fā)他們的好奇心?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，他感到自己被從床上抱起來，被父親抱到海灘上。A.hidden隱藏；B.robbed搶劫；C.lifted抬起；移開；移動；D.kicked踢。根據(jù)下文“andcarriedinhisfather’sarmsontothebeach”可知，此處指他被父親從床上抱起來，故選C?！?2題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：頭頂上是晴朗的星空?！翱矗　碑斔母赣H說話時，令人難以置信的是，其中一顆星星動了。A.incredibly不可思議地；B.accidentally意外地；C.apparently明顯地；D.actually事實上。根據(jù)上文“Watch!”及下文“oneofthestarsmoved”可知，一顆星星在他父親說話的時候開始移動，這讓人覺得不可思議。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它像一團金色的火焰劃過天空。A.exploded爆炸；B.circled環(huán)繞；盤旋；C.spread傳播；D.flashed飛速運動；掠過。根據(jù)下文“acrosstheskylikeagoldenfire.Andbeforetheofthiscouldfade,anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...”可知，此處指星星劃過夜空，故選D。【24題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這奇跡消失之前，另一顆星星從原來的位置躍出，接著又一顆……。A.success成功；B.wonder奇跡；C.exhibition展覽；D.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“oneofthestarsmoved.”及下文“anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...”可知，一顆接著一顆星星不斷的在天空中劃過，這是一個奇跡。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這是什么？”孩子驚奇地問。A.amazement驚奇；驚愕；B.horror驚駭；C.relief安慰；減輕；D.delight高興。根據(jù)上文“oneofthestarsmoved.”及下文“anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...”可知，星星一顆接著一顆從天空中劃過的景象，對孩子來說是很驚訝的事。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：“流星。它們每年八月的某個晚上都會出現(xiàn)?！盇.blowup爆發(fā)；爆炸；B.turnup出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；C.showoff炫耀；D.giveout用光；耗盡。根據(jù)上文“oneofthestarsmoved.”及下文“anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...”可知，此處指每年八月的某個晚上流星都會出現(xiàn)。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是一切：只是一種神奇而美麗的東西的意外相遇。但是，回到床上，孩子盯著黑暗，滿腦子都是流星。A.uncomfortable不舒服的；B.unbearable難以忍受的；C.undetected未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的；未被覺察的；D.unexpected意外的；突如其來的。根據(jù)上文“Shootingstars”及下文“encounterofsomethingmagicandbeautiful”可知，此處指男孩意外看到流星，故選D。【28題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我就是那個幸運的七歲男孩，我的父親認為，對一個小男孩來說，新的經(jīng)歷比一夜的安穩(wěn)睡眠更重要。A.curious好奇的；B.de