【期中高二下】北京一零一中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（原卷版）

北京一零一中學(xué)2021－2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中考試高二英語（考試時間：90分鐘，試卷滿分：100分）第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Ioftenreadofincidentsofmisunderstandingorconflict.I’mleft____1____.Whydothesepeoplecreatemistrustandproblems,especiallywiththosefromother____2____?IwasgrowingupinKualaLumpurintheearly1960s,whenchildrenfromdifferentracesandreligionsplayedandstudiedtogetherinharmony.Atthattimemyfamilylivedastone’sthrowfromIsmail’s.AndnoonewasbotheredthatIsmailwasaMalayMuslimandIwasanIndianHindu—wejust____3____ourdifferences.Perhaps,oureldershadnotfilledourheadswithunnecessaryadvice,wellmeantorotherwise.Wewereninewhenwebecamefriends.Duringtheschoolholidays,we’d____4____thecountrysideonourbicycles,hopingtocomeacrosstheunexpected.AttimesIsmailwouldaccompanymyfamilyaswemadearareshoppingtriptotown.Wewouldbegladofhis____5____.WhenIwastwelve,myfamilymovedtoJohor.Ismail’sfamilylaterreturnedtotheirvillage,andI____6____touchwithhim.Onespringafternoonin1983,IstoppedataxiinKualaLumpur.I____7____mydestination.Thedriveracknowledgedmy____8____butdidnotmoveoff.Instead,helookedfixedlyatme.“Raddar?”hesaid,usingmychildhoodnickname.Iwasastonishedatbeingso____9____addressed(稱呼).Unexpectedly!ItwasIsmail!Evenaftertwodecadeswestillrecognizedeachother.Graspinghisshoulder,Ifeltatrueaffection,something_____10_____todescribe.Ifwecanallowourchildrentobethemselveswithoutprejudice,they’llbuildfriendshipswithpeople,regardlessofraceorreligion,whowillbebytheirsidethroughthickandthin.Onsuchfriendshipsaresocietiesbuiltandthenwecantrulybe,asWilliamShakespeareoncewrote,“Wehappyfew.Webandofbrothers”.1.A.interested B.pleased C.puzzled D.excited2.A.parties B.cities C.villages D.races3.A.refused B.made C.sought D.accepted4.A.explore B.search C.discover D.desert5.A.arrival B.choice C.effort D.company6.A.lost B.gained C.developed D.missed7.A.stated B.ordered C.decided D.chose8.A.attempts B.instructions C.opinions D.arrangements9.A.familiarly B.strangely C.fully D.coldly10.A.possible B.funny C.hard D.clear第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。IcanwellrememberthefirsttimeIwasaskedtodeliveraspeechbeforethewholeclass.YoucanimaginehowshyIwaswithsomanyeyes____11____(fix)onme.Draftingthespeechwasapieceofcakeforme,butthedifficultpartlayinoral____12____(present).TherealmomentbeganwhenIstoodonthestagewithmylegstremblingandmymindblank.Butmylistenerswerewaitingpatientlywithoutrushingme.GraduallyIfoundmyselfback,____13____(deliver)thespeechwithdifficulty.After____14____seemedtobeahundredyears,Ifoundmyaudienceapplauding—Imadeit!B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Halfwaythroughhislecture,Ericgaveeachpersonaballoonandaskedeveryonetowritetheirnameonit.Lateralltheballoonswerecollected.Hethenaskedthemtofindtheballoonsthattheyhadtheirnameswritten____15____withinfiveminutes.Everyonewaspushingandbumpingintoeachother.Itwaschaos.Attheendofthefiveminutes,noonecouldfindtheirownballoon.Nowtheywereaskedtorandomlycollectaballoonandgiveittotheperson____16____namewasonit.Withintwominuteseveryonegothisownballoon.Psychologistsargueourhappinesssometimes____17____(lie)inthehappinessofothers.Youwillgetyourownbygivingthemtheirs.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Pixarisoneoftheworld’s____18____(famous)andsuccessful?lmstudios.____19____(it)latestanimated?lm,Soul,wasreleasedin2020.SoultellsthestoryofJoeGardner,anaspiringjazzmusicianlivinginNewYork.Oneday,afteranaccident,GardnerendsupintheGreatBefore—aplacewheresoulsmust“findtheirspark”beforeenteringahumanbody.WhenGardner____20____(give)thejobofmentoringasoulcalled22,hetriestofindhiswaybacktoEarth.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMygrandfatherwasarigidperfectionist.Everythinghadtobeorderly,preciseandpunctual.Iwasfrightenedofhimuntilthedayhedied.Growingup,mymotherdesperatelywantedtopleasehim.Sheprobablythoughthemightleaveifshedidn’t.Infact,Inowthinkthefearofbeingleftalone,abandoned,wasacurrentthroughoutmuchofherlife.AfewyearsintomyfathersufferingfromAlzheimer,mymother’svoiceonthephonesoundedsoupsetthatIhadtotellher,“Justbewithyourselfforalittlewhile.”“No,Ican’tdothat.Idon’twanttodothat,”shesaidabruptly,closingthedooronthesubject.Awhileaftermyfatherdied,shetoldmethatshekeptthetelevisiononallthetimebecauseitmadeherfeellesslonely.“Itmakesthehouseseemmorelivedin,”shesaid.Ihadgivenintomyannoyanceandeitherturnedthevolumedownorturneditoff.Butaftershetoldmethatitfilledinsomeoftheloneliness,Ineverreachedfortheremoteagain.Wehavehadalongjourneytogether,sheandI.Overahalf-centuryofmemories,nowthatthejourneyhasended,Ihaveachoicewhichonestostudywhichonestoturnoverinmyhandsanddustoff.Ichoosetolookattheonesthatachewithasweettruthnottoldoftenenough:therewaslovebetweenus.Itwasjusthardtofindsometimes.IchoosetorememberherfaceonthatwinterdayinManhattan,whenIcametoherwithabrokenheart.Ichoosetorememberwalkingontheshorewithherinsummerswhenwerentedabeachhouse;somehowtheseaalwaystransformedus.Andhowshelookedonmyweddingdaywhenshehandedmeabraceletthathadbelongedtomygrandmother.“Somethingold,”shesaid.21.Fromtheauthor’spointofview,whatdidhermotherfeelinhermuchtimeoflife?A.Asenseofrelief. B.Asenseofexcitement.C.Asenseofbeingdeserted. D.Asenseofbeingpleased.22.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bystatingarguments.C.Byinterviewingherfather. D.Byvisitinghergrandfather.23.Theauthorwritesthestoryto________.A.expressregretforhergrandfatherBshowhersympathytowardhermotherC.revealherdeepfeelingsforhermotherD.emphasizeherconcernaboutthegenerationgapBSomeemergingtechnologiesLow-carboncementcanhelpcombatclimatechange.Concrete,themostwidelyusedhuman-madematerial.Themanufactureofoneofitskeycomponents,cement,createsasubstantialyetunderappreciatedamountofhuman-producedcarbondioxide:upto8percentoftheglobaltotal,accordingtoLondon-basedthinktankChathamHouse.In2018,theGlobalCementandConcreteAssociationannouncedtheindustry’sfirstSustainabilityGuidelines,intendedtotrackperformanceimprovementsandmakethemtransparent.Quantumsensorscouldletautonomouscars“see”aroundcorners.Quantumcomputersgetallthehype(大肆宣傳),butquantumsensors,whichreachextremelevelsofprecisionbyexploitingthequantumnatureofmatter,couldbeequallytransformative,enablingautonomousvehiclesthatcan“see”aroundcorners,underwaternavigationsystems,early-warningsystemsforvolcanicactivityandearthquakes,andportablescannersthatmonitoraperson’sbrainactivityduringdailylife.Greenhydrogencouldfillbiggapsinrenewableenergy.Whenhydrogenburns,theonlyby-productiswater—whichiswhyhydrogenhasbeenanalluringzero-carbonenergysourcefordecades.Yetthetraditionalprocessforproducinghydrogen,inwhichfossilfuelsareexposedtosteam,isnotevenremotelyzero-carbon.Greenhydrogenisdifferent.Itisproducedthroughelectrolysis,inwhichmachinessplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygen,withnootherby-products.Historically,electrolysisrequiredsomuchelectricitythatitmadelittlesensetoproducehydrogenthatway.Thesituationischangingsincetheelectrolyzersaregettingmoreefficient.Whole-Genomesynthesiswilltransformcellengineering.EarlyintheCOVID-19pandemic,scientistsinChinauploadedthevirus’sgeneticsequencetogeneticdatabases.ASwissgroupthensynthesizedtheentiregenomeandproducedthevirusfromit.Suchspeedisoneexampleofhowwhole-genomeprintingisadvancingmedicineandotherwork.Whole-genomesynthesisisanextensionoftheboomingfieldofsyntheticbiology.Researchersreprogrammicrobestododesiredworksuchasmakinganewmedicine.Sofargenomesmainlygetlightedits.Butimprovementsaremakingitpossibletoprinteverlargernumberofgeneticmaterialandtoaltergenomesmoreextensively.24.Whichnewtechnologycanbeusedtohelpwithmedicalresearches?A.Low-carboncement. B.Quantumsensors.C.Greenhydrogen. D.Whole-Genomesynthesis.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthearticle?A.Cement-producingcarbondioxidehasbeenoverestimated.B.Greenhydrogencouldachievezero-carbonemission.C.Atpresent,genomeshavealreadygotgreatedits.D.Quantumsensorscanhelpbrainactivities.26.Whatdothesetechnologieshaveincommon?A.Theyallhaveimmeasurableprospects.B.Theycanrelievetheclimatechange.C.Theycanadvancemedicalstudy.D.Theygetallthehype.CManyearlyapproachestolanguagetechnologygostuckinaconceptualdeadend:therules-basedapproachintranslation.Thismeanttryingtowriterulestoanalyzethetextofasentenceinthelanguageoforigin,breakingitdownintoasortofabstract“interlanguage”andrebuildingitaccordingtotherulesofthetargetlanguage.Theseapproachesshowedearlypromise.Butlanguageisfullofambiguitiesandexceptions,sosuchsystemswerehugelycomplicatedandeasilybrokedownwhentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.Nearlyalllanguagetechnologiesbegantogetalotbetterwiththeapplicationofstatisticalmethods.Thisreliesonsoftwarescanningvastamountsofdata,lookingforpatternsandlearningfromprecedent.Forexample,inparsinglanguage(breakingitdownintoitsgrammaticalcomponents),thesoftwarelearnsfromlargebodiesoftextthathavealreadybeenparsedbyhumans.Ituseswhatithaslearnedtomakeitsbestguessaboutapreviouslyunseentext.Inmachinetranslation,thesoftwarescansmillionsofwordsthatalreadyhavebeentranslatedbyhumansandlearnsfromabodyofrecordingsandthetranscriptionsmadebyhumans.Thankstothegrowingpowerofprocessors,fallingpricesfordatastorageand,mostcrucially,theexplosioninavailabledata,thisapproacheventuallyborefruit.Mathematicaltechniquesthathadbeenknownfordecadescameintotheirown,andbigcompanieswithaccesstoenormousamountsofdatawerereadytobenefit.Thefinaladvance,whichbeganonlyaboutfiveyearsago,camewiththearrivalofdeeplearningthroughdigitalneuralnetworks(DNNs).Theseareoftenclaimedtohavequalitiessimilartothoseofthehumanbrain.ButNilsLenke,headofresearchforalanguagetechnologycompany,explainsmatter-of-factlythat“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,”thebasisofwhichhadalreadybeenwellunderstoodfordecades.Whatchangedwasthehardwarebeingused.Almostbychance,DNNresearchersdiscoveredthatthegraphicalprocessingunits(GPUs)usedtoproducegraphicsinapplicationswerealsobrilliantathandlingneuralnetworks.Thetechniquehasalreadyproducedbigleapsinqualityforallkindsofdeeplearning,includingdecodinghandwriting,recognizingfacesandclassifyingimages.Nowtheyarehelpingtoimproveallmanneroflanguagetechnologies,oftenbringingenhancementsofupto30percent.Thathasshiftedlanguagetechnologiesfrombeingusableinapinchtobeingreallyrathergood.Butsofarnoonehasquiteworkedoutwhatwillmoveitforwardfrombeingmerelygoodtoreliablygreat.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaproblemoftherules-basedapproach?A.Rulesareoftenmisinterpretedbyresearchers.B.Rulesaretooabstracttoidentifyorunderstand.C.Rulesaredifficulttoidentifyinsomelanguages.D.Rulesaren’talwaysclear-cutoruniversallyapplicable.28Whatplaysacrucialroleinenablingthe“approachtograduallybearfruit”?A.Theincreasingamountofdata.B.Thefallingpricesofscanningsoftware.C.Theavailabilityofrecordingsandtranscripts.D.Thewiderknowledgepeoplehaveoflanguages.29.WhichofthefollowingisNilsLenkemostlikelytoagreewithaboutDNNs?A.Theyareabigbreakthrough.B.Theydependmoreonhardware.C.Theyarenotinnovativeinnature.D.Theyhaven’tbeenscientificallyproved.30.WhatdoesthewriterimplyaboutGPUs?A.TheyhavereplacedDNNsathandlingneuralnetworks.B.Theyhaveachievedlimitedsuccessregardinglanguagetechnologies.C.Theyhavehelpedmakelanguagetechnologiesreliablygreaterthanever.D.Theyhelpenhancelanguagetechnologiesbymeansofimageclassification.DThesecretofsuccessTherecipeforsucceedinginanygivenfieldishardlyamystery:goodideas,hardwork,discipline,imagination,perseveranceandmaybealittleluck.Oh,andlet’snotforgetfailurewhichDashunWangandhiscolleaguesatNorthwesternUniversitycall“theessentialprerequisite(先決條件)forsuccess”inanewpaper.Butnoteveryfailureleadstosuccess,headds.Andwhateventuallyseparatesthewinnersfromthelosers,theresearchshows,certainlyisnotpersistence.Oneofthemoreinterestingfindingsinthepaper,publishedlastOctoberinNature,isthatthepeoplewhoeventuallysucceededandthepeoplewhoeventuallyfailedtriedbasicallythesamenumberoftimestoachievetheirgoals.Itturnsoutthattryingagainandagainonlyworksifyoulearnfromyourpreviousfailures.Theideaistoworksmart,nothard.“Youhavetofigureoutwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t,andthenfocusonwhatneedstobeimprovedinsteadofstrugglingaroundandchangingeverything,”saysWang.“Thepeoplewhofaileddidn’tnecessarilyworklessthanthosewhosucceeded.Theycouldactuallyhaveworkedmore:it’sjustthattheymademoreunnecessarychanges.”Astheyexplored“themechanismsgoverningthedynamicsoffailure”andbuilttheirmodel.Wang’steamidentifiedwhattheydescribeaspreviouslyunknownstatisticalsignaturesthatseparatesuccessfulgroupsfromunsuccessfulgroups,makingitpossibletopredicttheirfinaloutcomes.Onesuchkeyindicator(besideskeepingthestuffthatworksandfocusingonwhatdoesn’t)isthetimebetweenconsecutive(連續(xù)的)failedattempts,whichshoulddecreasesteadily.Inotherwords,thefasteryoufail,thebetteryourchancesofsuccess,andthemoretimebetweenattempts,themorelikelyyouaretofailagain.“Ifsomeonehasappliedforagrantandtheyarethreefailuresin,”Wangsays,“ifwejustlookatthetimingbetweenthefailures,wewillbeabletopredictwhethertheywilleventuallysucceedornot.”Workingwithsuchlarge-scaledata,Wangandhiscolleagueswereabletoidentifyacriticalpointthatwascommontoeachofthehundredsofthousandsofundertakingstheyhadanalyzed,aforkintheroadwhereonepathleadstoadevelopmentregionandoneleadstoastagnationregion.“Thisdivergingpatternofperformanceincreaseswitheachnewattempt,”saysWang.Althoughinsomecasesitisapparentwhichregionapersonisinasearlyasthesecondattempt.Wangpointsoutthattheexistenceofthetippingpointcutsagainstthetraditionalexplanationsforfailureorsuccess,suchasluckoraperson’sworkhabits.“Whatwe’reshowinghereisthatevenintheabsenceofsuchdifferences,youcanstillhaveverydifferentoutcomes,”hesays.Whatmattersishowpeoplefail,howtheyrespondtofailureandwherethosefailureslead.31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2that________.A.winnersaremorepersistentthanlosersB.failureisnotimportantforsuccessatallC.moretryingdoesn’tnecessarilybreedsuccessD.winnersandlosersdifferinhowmanytimestheytried32.Wangandhiscolleaguesbelievethat________.A.noonecanobtainsuccesswithoutfailureB.theperformancepatternishardtoidentifyC.failurecansometimeshelppredictsuccessD.thecriticalpointhadbeendiscoveredbychance33.Theunderlinedphrase“astagnationregion”inParagraph6referstoaregion________.A.initselementarystage B.withoutprogressC.unknowntooutsiders D.beyondrecognition34.WhatistheconclusionofWang’sresearch?A.Winnerstrylessthanlosersbutgainmore.B.Perseveranceistheutmostsecrettosuccess.C.Workingsmartcanturnfailuresintofuturesuccesses.D.Luckandworkhabitsmakelittledifferencetotheresult.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。FacebookIsaBigWasterDuringthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury,apopularandnewwordhascomeintoourvocabulary—Facebook.ThisisthemostpopularsocialnetworkingwebsiteontheInternet.____35____Youcansendmessagestoyourfriend’selectronicwall,putupastatussayingsomethinglike“Goingtothemall,Ineedtogetanewpairofshoes”or“it’sfinallytheweekend!”.Inspiteofthebenefititdoesoncommonpeople,itistruethatthissocialnetworkisabigwaster.Thereareabout350millionactiveusersonthiswebsiteand67%ofthemarebetweentheagesof13-25.Morethan35millionusersupdatetheirstatuseveryday.____36____ThehighestagegroupwhouseFacebookareteenagers.Mostofthemkeepthewebsiterunningwhenevertheyareusingthecomputeriftheyaren’tinschoolorwhentheyaren’tasleep.Facebookisjustchangingthenewgenerationofyoungstersunconsciously.Theteenagelifeisoneofthemostimportantstagesoflife.____37____Itisadistractiontotheirmindaswell.Nowadays,whenalltheirhomeworkandresearchareonICT(informationandcommunicationtechnology),theywouldeasilyswitchtoFacebookjusttocheckiftherewasanythingupdatedamongtheirfriends.

Facebookisalsowherepeoplecanseethegossipamongtheirfriends,virtualarguments,relationshipstatusandupdates,whoisinwhose“topfriends”,youcanbecomeafanofanything,joingroups,postpicturesandvideos,playchildishgames,invitefriendstopartiesoreventsandalotmore.Generally,allthesewouldjustdisturbpeopleintolivinglifetothefullest.It’snotjustteenswhobecomeaddicted,evengrown-upsdo.Anaveragepersonspendsabout55minutesonFacebook.____38____Technologymightbetakingoverpeople’slife.Furthermore,peoplewhouseFacebookthroughtheirmobilephonesare50%moreactiveonFacebookthannon-mobilephoneusers.ThisshowspeopleusingFacebookontheirphonesaswellascomputersjustcan’tstandbeingawayfromthewebsite.Facebookislikecracktosomefolk.____39____Thiswouldmakethemthinkhowlifeislikewithoutsayingwhat’sontheirmindtoalltheirfriendsontheInternet.Abreakwouldalsomakethemmoreactive,likesocializinginperson.Thiswouldfinallyhelpthemfocusbetterinschoolorinwork.Althoughabout80%ofpeoplewhotakeabreakwouldcomebacktoFacebookwithindays.AAnd2.5billionphotosareaddedeachmonth.B.WastingitonFacebookisnotencouraginginanyway.C.Thisstatisticisn’tthatbadbutsomepeoplespendabout3-5hours.D.ItistimepeopleshouldtakeabreakfromFacebookonceinawhile.E.Asaresult,theaverageFacebookusershave130friendswhotheysharelinkswith.F.Usually,whenpeoplehearthewords“socialnetworking”,theirbrainsautomaticallygotositessuchasTwitterorFacebook.G.ThemainideaofFacebookisthatyoucankeepintouchwithallyourfriendsaroundtheworldwhohaveFacebook.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。HowtoreadabookinaweekHowdoyoureadabookinaweek?Weallknowthatpeoplewhoreadaremorelikelytosucceed.Let’slookatthenumbers.85%ofmillionairesreadatleasttwobookspermonth,while25%oftheentireAmericanpopulationhasn’tevenreadasinglebookalloflastyear.Sowhat’sthebestwaytoactuallygetyourselftostartreading,andatagoodpacesothatyoucansucceedtoo?Youcanbasicallyguaranteethatyou’llreadabookinaweekbytakingadvantageofthreepsychologicaltricks.Thefirstissomethingcalledimplementationintention,basicallysettinganappointment.Thebiggestproblemwhenitcomestoreadingisactuallygettingstarted.Manypeoplewouldliketobuybooksthatthey’reinterestedin,butthebookjustsitsthereontheirshelfnevertobetouchedagain.Byphysicallywritingdownthetimeandplaceofwhenyou’llstartreadingabook,you’reessentiallysettingupanappointmenttodoso.Andinthisway,yourarelymissyourappointments.Thesecondpsychologicaltricktoreadingabookinaweekistousewhat’scalledchunking,basicallybreakingdownabigtaskintosmallerones.Oneofthemainreasonspeoplestartreadingbooksandneverfinishisthatthetaskseemstoobig.Itfeelslikewecan’tdoit.Justtakealookattheaveragenon-fictionbookwhichisabout200pageslong.Howlongdoesittaketoreadthatentire