北京市延慶區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（解析版）

2/2延慶區(qū)2022—2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷高二英語本試卷共9頁，三大部分(共100分)，考試時間90分鐘。第一部分知識運用第一節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A語法填空OneofmyfavouriteepisodeswasMrBeaninafancyrestaurant.Afterbeingseatedathistable,MrBeantakesoutacard,writesafewwordsonit,putsit___1___anenvelopeandplacesitonthetable.Afteramoment,he___2___(look)backattheenvelopebutthistimehelookssurprised,asifhedidnotknowitwasthere.Heopensittofindabirthdaycardandvery___3___(happy)putsitonthetableforeveryonetosee.【答案】1.in2.looks3.happily【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章是《憨豆先生在一家高級餐廳》的劇情介紹。【1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：坐在桌子旁后，憨豆先生拿出一張卡片，在上面寫了幾個字，然后把它裝進信封，放在桌子上。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示把卡片裝進信封，put...in...“把……放到……里”。故填in?！?題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：過了一會兒，他回頭看了看信封，但這次他看起來很驚訝，好像他不知道信封在那里。根據(jù)語境可知，介紹書籍、影視作品，常用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填looks?！?題詳解】考查副詞。句意：他打開它，找到一張生日卡片，非常高興地把它放在桌子上，讓大家看到。此處修飾動詞puts，應(yīng)用副詞happily“高興地”，作狀語。故填happily。B語法填空Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivemassextinctioneventsonEarth.Inthethirdevent,___4___isknownasthe“GreatDying”,90%to96%ofallspeciesdiedout.Ofcourse,speciesdiedoutduetomany___5___(cause).Butnowadays,humanactivityhasaffectedalltypesofspeciesthatwedependonforliving.Weneedtotakeaction___6___(avoid)thesixthmassextinction.Weshouldtakestepstosaveendangeredanimalsandplants,andsetupspecialareastotakecareofthem___7___thenextextinctioncomesthatmaywipeouttheentirespecies.【答案】4.which5.causes6.toavoid7before【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。講述了我們需要采取行動來避免第六次物種大滅絕?！?題詳解】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：第三個事件被稱為“大滅絕”，90%到96%的物種都滅絕了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞是thethirdevent，所以用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。【5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)然，物種滅絕的原因有很多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前是形容詞many，所以空處應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們需要采取行動來避免第六次物種大滅絕。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定搭配：takeactiontodo意為“采取措施做某事”。故填toavoid?！?題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：我們應(yīng)該采取措施拯救瀕臨滅絕的動物和植物，并在下一次滅絕到來之前建立特殊的區(qū)域來照顧它們，可能會消滅整個物種。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，根據(jù)句意表達“在……之前”之意，應(yīng)該用before引導(dǎo)。故填before。C語法填空Legosarepopularwithkids.But___8___(make)themcanhurttheenvironment.Why?Legosaremadeofplastic.Theplasticismadefromoil.Thatisanonrenewableresource,Recently,Legos___9___(introduce)earth-friendlypieces.Theyaremadeofplastictakenfromsugarcane(甘蔗).Thatisarenewablematerial.Thegreenpiecesarepartofa____10____(big)planforLego.Thecompanyplanstouserenewablematerialsinallitstoysby2030.Theactionsthecompanytakestodaycanhaveinfluenceontheplanetoftomorrow.【答案】8.making9.haveintroduced10.bigger【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了樂高玩具公司引進了一種新的環(huán)保材料來制作玩具。【8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但制造它們會破壞環(huán)境。句中有謂語canhurt，且前后無連詞，空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作主語，此處“制作它們”表示一種抽象動作，應(yīng)用動名詞作主語，故填making?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：最近，樂高積木推出了環(huán)保作品。空處在句中作謂語，由recently可知，“推出”這一動作從過去發(fā)生持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故填haveintroduced?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意：綠色樂高是樂高更大計劃的一部分。由下文“Thecompanyplanstouserenewablematerialsinallitstoysby2030.”可知，樂高有更大的計劃，所以此處應(yīng)用形容詞big的比較級bigger作定語，修飾名詞plan，故填bigger。第二節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。SaulScruggsandKeonRichardsonhavenevermissedadayofworkpickinguprubbishinMiamiBeach.Andtheywereespecially____11____whentheywerecoveringtheirrouteasabeautifulsurpriseawaitedthem.Whentheirhugetruckrolleddownthestreet,theyfoundscoresof____12____who'dgottenupearlytolinethestreetwithsignsandballoons,allto____13____say“weloveyou”.JenniferElegantwantedtoshowherfamily's____14____sosheorganizeda“thankyou”celebrationto____15____theessentialworkerswhomshecalled“extraordinary”.EventheMiamiBeachMayor,DanGelber,____16____toexpressrespecttothembecauseSaulandKeondomorethanpickuprubbish.“Theybringanincredible,positive____17____totheentireneighborhood,”JennifertoldGNN.“Theyspreadjoy.”Whatisparticularly____18____isthepositiveenergythesetwomenbringwiththem.Theyalwayswearsmilesandnevermissa(n)____19____tosayhelloand____20____someone'sday.Theyhelpothersandexpectnothing____21____.Oneday,Saulspent45minuteshelpinganeighborlookforherlostweddingring.Healsowaitedoveranhourwithanotherneighborwhowashavingheartissuesandneededa(n)____22____.Jeniferisimpressedwiththeseamazingworkers.“Theycontinuetomaintaintheir____23____attitudeevenduringthisstressfulCOVID-19pandemic,____24____theirownsafetyinordertokeepourcity____25____andbeautiful.”shesaid.11.A.careful B.glad C.confident D.curious12.A.officers B.colleagues C.strangers D.residents13.A.simply B.loudly C.excitedly D.surprisingly14.A.expectation B.motivation C.appreciation D.happiness15.A.award B.praise C.blame D.honor16.A.appeared B.envied C.guaranteed D.abandoned17.A.achievement B.energy C.action D.emotion18.A.hopeful B.interesting C.mysterious D.special19.A.meeting B.day C.opportunity D.reason20.A.change B.sharpen C.widen D.brighten21.A.inturn B.inshort C.inreturn D.insight22A.operation B.ambulance C.discussion D.friendship23.A.optimistic B.pessimistic C.negative D.independent24.A.giving B.treasuring C.seeking D.risking25A.clear B.strong C.clean D.rich【答案】11.B12.D13.A14.C15.D16.A17.B18.D19.C20.D21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了JenniferElegant組織當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裣虍?dāng)?shù)貎晌痪ぞI(yè)業(yè)的清潔工SaulScruggs和KeonRichardson表達感激和敬意，市長也參與了這次活動。SaulScruggs和KeonRichardson積極樂觀，即使在新冠疫情期間，也能讓城市干凈整潔?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們像往常一樣去撿垃圾的時候，他們感到極其開心，因為一個美麗的驚喜等待著他們。A.careful小心的；B.glad開心的；C.confident自信的；D.curious好奇的。由后文“asabeautifulsurpriseawaitedthem.”可知，因為有一個驚喜等著他們，所以他們感到很開心。故選B。【12題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們的大卡車駛過街道時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)許多居民早早起床，拿著標(biāo)語和氣球排在街道兩旁，所有這些都是僅僅為了說“我們愛你”。A.officers官員；B.colleagues同事；C.strangers陌生人；D.residents居民。根據(jù)后文““Theybringanincredible,positive7totheentireneighborhood,”JennifertoldGNN.”可知，此處指整個社區(qū)的居民早早起床，拿著標(biāo)語和氣球排在街道兩旁。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.simply僅僅；B.loudly大聲地；C.excitedly激動地；D.surprisingly令人驚訝地。根據(jù)后文“weloveyou”可知，居民們拿著標(biāo)語和氣球，早早起床僅僅（simply）是為了向那兩位清潔工說聲“我們愛你們”。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：JenniferElegant想表達家人的感激之情，因此她組織了一場“感謝”的慶?；顒?，以表彰她稱之為“非凡”的重要員工。A.expectation期待；B.motivation動機；C.appreciation感激；D.happiness幸福。由后文“sheorganizeda“thankyou”celebration”可知，JenniferElegant想表達家人的感激之情。故選C。【15題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.award獎勵；B.praise贊揚；C.blame責(zé)備；D.honor給與榮譽。由后文“whomshecalled“extraordinary”.”此處表示JenniferElegant組織了一場“感謝”的慶?；顒?，以表彰她稱之為“非凡”的重要員工。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就連邁阿密海灘市長DanGelber也出來表達了對他們的敬意——因為Saul和Keon不只是撿垃圾。A.appeared出現(xiàn)；B.envied嫉妒；C.guaranteed保證；D.abandoned放棄。前文說居民們早早起床，拿著標(biāo)語和氣球排在街道兩旁，此處表示市長也出現(xiàn)了。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“它們給整個社區(qū)帶來了一種不可思議的正能量，”Jennifer告訴GNN。“他們傳播快樂。”A.achievement成就；B.energy能量；C.action行動；D.emotion感情。由后文“thepositiveenergythesetwomenbringwiththem.”可知，此處指這兩人帶來的正能量。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：特別的是這兩個人身上的正能量。A.hopeful有希望的；B.interesting有趣的；C.mysterious神秘的；D.special特別的。因為SaulScruggs和KeonRichardson充滿了正能量，所以很特別。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們總是面帶微笑，從不錯過向別人問好的機會，讓別人的一天充滿歡樂。A.meeting會議；B.day白天；C.opportunity機會；D.reason原因。由否定詞never和他們樂觀的性格可知，他們總是向別人問好，也就是說不錯過向別人問好的機會。故選C。【20題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.change改變；B.sharpen削尖；C.widen放寬；D.brighten照亮，使開心。根據(jù)前文“Theyalwayswearsmiles”可知，因為他們總是面帶微笑，所以讓人們感到開心。故選D。【21題詳解】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：他們幫助別人，不求任何回報。A.inturn輪流；B.inshort總之；C.inreturn回報；D.insight看得見。根據(jù)前文“expectnothing”可知，此處表示他們幫助別人，不求回報。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他還和另一個有心臟病需要救護車的鄰居一起等了一個多小時。A.operation手術(shù)；B.ambulance救護車；C.discussion討論；D.friendship友誼。由前文“Healsowaitedoveranhourwithanotherneighborwhowashavingheartissues”可知，鄰居有心臟病，所以此處指等待救護車。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“即使在壓力很大的COVID-19大流行期間，他們?nèi)匀槐３謽酚^態(tài)度，冒著自己的安全風(fēng)險，以保持我們的城市清潔和美麗?！彼f。A.optimistic樂觀的；B.pessimistic悲觀的；C.negative消極的；D.independent獨立的。根據(jù)前文“Theyalwayswearsmiles”可知，他們總是微笑，所以他們很樂觀。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“即使在壓力很大的COVID-19大流行期間，他們?nèi)匀槐３謽酚^態(tài)度，冒著自己的安全風(fēng)險，以保持我們的城市清潔和美麗。”她說。A.giving給；B.treasuring珍惜；C.seeking尋找；D.risking冒險。根據(jù)前文“duringthisstressfulCOVID-19pandemic”可知，因為在疫情期間，所以他們冒險，保持城市清潔美麗。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.clear清楚的；B.strong強壯的；C.clean干凈的；D.rich富有的。根據(jù)文章第一句“SaulScruggsandKeonRichardsonhavenevermissedadayofworkpickinguprubbishinMiamiBeach.”可知，SaulScruggs和KeonRichardson每天都會打掃社區(qū)的衛(wèi)生，在疫情期間，也冒險保持城市的干凈美麗。故選C。第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。ABelowisalistofactivitiesthatwillgetyouexcitedandaddabitoffunintoyourscheduleatthesametime.Ready,set,play!JoinateamsportPlayingsportaspartofateamcanhelpyougetactivewhilemakingfriendsandfeelingpartofyourcommunity.Thislistoflinkswillleadyouthroughtosportsclubsandfixturesacrossthestate,oryoucanusetheMyCommunitydirectorytosearchforyoursportofchoice.MakedatenightactivenightDatenight(oranytimeyouhangwithlovedonesorfriends)doesn’thavetobespentsittinginacinema.Getactiveonyournextdatebygoingbowling,playinglasertagorpaintball,orsinkingballsatminigolf.CatchandkickAnyonewithkidswillknowthatsometimesentertainingthemtakespriorityoverlookingafteryourownhealth.Killtwobirdswithonestoneandtakethemtotheparktokickafootyorthrowaballbackandforth.Onceeveryone’spractisedtheirkicking,throwingandcatchingskills,takethingstothenextlevelbyaskingthemtothroworkicklongandmakeyourunforit.TakethestairsAnoldybutagoody,takingthestairsinsteadofaliftisgreatforworkingthemajormusclegroupsinthelegs.Itmightnotseemlikethemostfunoptionforaworkout,butyoucanfitasurprisingamountofactivityintoeverydaybytakingthestairswhenevertheyareanoption.Andifyougethooked(喜歡上),youcanevenbecomeacompetitivestairclimber.26.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Publichealthandwellbeing. B.Researchandreports.C.Newsandevents. D.Strategicdirection.27.WhatistheadvantageofJoinateamsport?A.Youhavemoretimeformorningexercise.B.Youhaveabetterwayofcommunication.C.Itisawaytoworkthemajormuscleinlegs.D.Youwillgetanexpertdirectioninthegroup.28.Whichwouldafatherchooseifhewantedtoplaywithhis5—year—oldson?A.Joinateamsport B.TakethestairsC.Catchandkick D.Makedatenightactivenight【答案】26.A27.B28.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了給你的日程安排增加一點樂趣四項活動?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Belowisalistofactivitiesthatwillgetyouexcitedandaddabitoffunintoyourscheduleatthesametime.(下面是一些會讓你興奮的活動，同時給你的日程安排增加一點樂趣。)”可知，全文介紹了四項體育活動，因此應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在公共健康欄目。故選A?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Playingsportaspartofateamcanhelpyougetactivewhilemakingfriendsandfeelingpartofyourcommunity.(作為團隊的一分子參加體育活動可以幫助你在交朋友和感覺自己是社區(qū)的一部分的同時變得活躍。)”可知，參加這項活動，除了健身外，還可以交朋友和更好地成為社區(qū)一員，因此有助于建立良好的交流。故選B。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Anyonewithkidswillknowthatsometimesentertainingthemtakespriorityoverlookingafteryourownhealth.(任何有孩子的人都知道，有時娛樂他們比照顧自己的健康更重要。一舉兩得，帶他們?nèi)ス珗@踢足球或來回扔球。)”可知，這是適合家長與孩子一起玩的活動。故選C。BTheCloudRunnersToday,thefirstthingyouseewhenyoudriveintothesmalltownofMcFarland,California,isawelcomeposter.“HomeoftheStateChampions,”itsaysproudly.WrittenacrossthebottomarethenamesofthemembersoftherunningteamsthathavebroughtMcFarlandninestatechampionshipsoverthepasttwentyyears.Today,thislittlefarmingtownisthe“homeofchampions”,butthingsweren’talwayslikethis.Itallbeganwithagroupofsevenyoungmen,whowereMcFarlandHighSchool’sfirstrunningteam.Theywerecalled“cloudrunners”becauseitlookedliketheywerefloatingonabrowncloudofdustastheycarvedpathsthroughthesurroundingfields.Theyweren’taverygoodteam.Buttheturningpointcameonehotsummerafternoonwhentheyoungmenweredoinghillpractice.AstherewerenohillsinMcFarland,theircoach,JimWhite,madethemrunupanddownlargepilesofnutshellscoveredinwhiteplasticsheets.“Enough!”oneoftheyoungmencried.Thesoundofbreakingshellscouldbeheardashebeathisfistsonthesheet.Theplastictoreandariverofnutshellspouredout.“Doyouknowwhattheseare,MrWhite?They’realmond(巴旦木)shells.Doyouknowwheretheycomefrom?Myfamilyhasbeenworkingonfarmspickingalmondsforfortyyears.Youandyourfamily,livinginyourbigcomfortablehome,eatthesewithoutgivingasinglethoughttowheretheycamefrom.Andnowyouaremakingusrunonthem!I’vehadenough!”“We’relosers,MrWhite,notwinners,”anotheryoungmancontinued,hisfacewetwithtearsandsweat.“Nothinghaschangedhereforfortyyearsandnothing’severgoingtochange!Runningisforrichkidsinprivateschoolsinthebigcity,notforuspoorfarmboys.Wecan’tevenaffordrealshoesforrunning.Webelonginthefields,picking.We’re‘pickers’.I’mgoinghome!”SomethinginJimWhite’sheartchangedthatday.Hewentintothefieldsandworkedwiththe“pickers”.Heboughtrunningshoesfortheboys.Hespenteveningshavingdinnerwiththeboys’families.Hiswifebakedandsoldcookiestoraisemoney.Onesmallactofkindnessledtoanother.Otherfamiliesbegantotakenotice,andslowly,theentiretowncametosupportMrWhiteashehelpedtheseyoungmenchangefromfarmworkerstochampions.29.WhyisthesmalltownofMcFarlandcalled“HomeoftheStateChampions”?A.BecauseJimWhitebecamestatechampionship.B.Becausetherunningteamsgotninestatechampionships.C.Becauseagroupofsevenyoungmengotchampionships.D.BecauseMr.Whitechangedthefarmworkerstochampions.30.Whatmadetheboycryinthepractice?A.Thetirednessofrunning. B.Thepainoftraining.C.Thedifficultiesofliving. D.Thesoundofbreakingshells.31.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJimWhite?A.Ambitiousandstrict. B.Understandingandkind.C.Optimisticandpersistent. D.Responsibleandconfident.【答案】29.B30.C31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了在加州小鎮(zhèn)法克麥蘭，一支名不見經(jīng)傳的越野賽跑隊拿下9次州冠軍的追夢經(jīng)歷。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“WrittenacrossthebottomarethenamesofthemembersoftherunningteamsthathavebroughtMcFarlandninestatechampionshipsoverthepasttwentyyears.(寫在底部的是田徑隊成員的名字，他們曾在過去的二十年里給McFarland鎮(zhèn)拿下九次州冠軍。)”可知，被人們稱作“州冠軍之家”是因為這里的田徑隊曾獲得過九次加州越野賽跑的冠軍，故選B項。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Myfamilyhasbeenworkingonfarmspickingalmondsforfortyyears.Youandyourfamily,livinginyourbigcomfortablehome,eatthesewithoutgivingasinglethoughttowheretheycamefrom.(我的家人在農(nóng)場采摘巴旦木已經(jīng)有四十年了。你和你的家人，住在舒適的大房子里，吃著這些東西，根本不考慮它們來自哪里。)”和第五段“Nothinghaschangedhereforfortyyearsandnothing’severgoingtochange!Runningisforrichkidsinprivateschoolsinthebigcity,notforuspoorfarmboys.Wecan’tevenaffordrealshoesforrunning.(四十年來這里沒有任何改變，也不會有任何改變！跑步是大城市里私立學(xué)校的富家子弟的事，不是我們這些鄉(xiāng)下窮小子的事。我們甚至買不起真正的跑步鞋。)”可知，隊員們都家境貧苦，需要通過繁重的體力勞動養(yǎng)活自己，他們沮喪地認(rèn)為生活多艱，根本無法追逐夢想，故選C項。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hewentintothefieldsandworkedwiththe“pickers”.Heboughtrunningshoesfortheboys.Hespenteveningshavingdinnerwiththeboys’families.Hiswifebakedandsoldcookiestoraisemoney.(他走進田間地頭，和“采摘者”一起工作。他給孩子們買了跑鞋。每天晚上都和孩子們的家人一起吃飯。他的妻子烘焙并出售餅干來籌集資金。)”可知，為了與隊員們建立信任并且真正走入隊員們的生活，JimWhite與他們的家人同吃同勞動，還為他們買了跑鞋，甚至積極籌措資金，改善隊員們的訓(xùn)練條件，這些舉動充分表明JimWhite善解人意，待人真誠。故選B項。CBackintheearly2000s,lotsofpeoplecouldn’thaveimaginedlifewithoutalarmclocks,CDplayers,calendars,cameras,orlotsofotherdevices.ButalongcametheiPhoneandothersmartphones,andtheytookoverthefunctionsofdozensofthingsweusedtothinkwereessential.Thesmartphonestorycouldevenbeamodelforfightingclimatechange;notbecausesmartphonesuseasmallpartoftheenergyofallthethingstheyreplace—althoughtheydo—butbecausetheyrepresentadifferentapproachtodesigningeneral.Andthatapproachistofocusonfunctionratherthanform.Thatrequiresfocusingonunderstandingtheunderlyingproblem,andthenengineeringawiderangeofpotentialsolutions.Thisapproachcouldrevolutionizehowwethinkaboutenergyefficiency.Traditionally,improvementsinenergyefficiencyhavemostlyfocusedonindividualdevices,whichcanbequitefruitful.ButfocusingonindividualdevicesislikeifApplehadspenteffortinventingabetteralarmclock,abetterCDplayer,abettercalendar,andabettercamera.NowwithaniPhone,wedon’tneedthestandalonedevicesatall,becauseitcanfunctionasallofthem.Sowhenitcomestousingenergyefficiently,ratherthanjustinstallingamoreefficientheater,somepeoplehavefocusedinsteadonthedesiredfunction:stayingwarm.Theydesignedandcoatedtheirhousesowellthattheycouldgetridoftheirheateraltogether,lettingthemheattheirhousewith99%lessenergy.Inthesameway,ratherthanjustmakingcarsmoreefficient,whatifwefocusonthedesiredfunction-gettingwherewewantwhenwewant—andcreateanefficienttransportationsystemwherewecandrivelessorgetridofourpersonalcarsentirely?Themostenergyefficientcarorheaterisnocar,ornoheater,whilestillbeingabletogetaroundandstaywarm.Inotherwords,it’snotthinkingefficient,it’sthinkingdifferent.32.WhatmakestheiPhoneagoodexampleofenvironmentalprotection?A.Perfectingindividualinstruments.B.Combiningpossiblefunctions.C.Choosingasimplestdesign.D.Reducingtheenergyconsumption.33.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostimportantpartofimprovingenergyefficiency?A.Usingrecyclablematerials.B.Improvingtechnologies.C.Figuringoutvarioussolutions.D.Concentratingonthenecessaryneeds.34.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalpracticesinenergyimprovements?A.Classical. B.Out-of-date. C.Useless. D.Perfect.35.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A.Thinkoutofthebox. B.Differencesmakeitunique.C.Beeconomicalwithenergy. D.Stepoutofthecomfortzone.【答案】32.B33.D34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。作者以iPhone為例——其實用的功能代替了過去許多獨立的設(shè)備，討論了如何提高能源效率，即注重實用功能而非形式?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Backintheearly2000s,lotsofpeoplecouldn’thaveimaginedlifewithoutalarmclocks,CDplayers,calendars,cameras,orlotsofotherdevices.ButalongcametheiPhoneandothersmartphones,andtheytookoverthefunctionsofdozensofthingsweusedtothinkwereessential.(早在21世紀(jì)初，許多人無法想象沒有鬧鐘、CD播放機、日歷、相機或許多其他設(shè)備的生活。但隨著iPhone和其他智能手機的出現(xiàn)，它們?nèi)〈宋覀冞^去認(rèn)為必不可少的許多東西的功能)”可知，有了iPhone，人們就不需要鬧鐘、CD播放機、日歷、相機或許多其他設(shè)備，也就是說iPhone一個設(shè)備綜合了很多功能，從這個意義上說，iPhone是環(huán)保的。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Andthatapproachistofocusonfunctionratherthanform.(這種方法關(guān)注的是功能而不是形式)”可知，提高能源效率最重要的就是關(guān)注實際用途，而非形式。故選D項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Traditionally,improvementsinenergyefficiencyhavemostlyfocusedonindividualdevices,whichcanbequitefruitful.ButfocusingonindividualdevicesislikeifApplehadspenteffortinventingabetteralarmclock,abetterCDplayer,abettercalendar,andabettercamera.NowwithaniPhone,wedon’tneedthestandalonedevicesatall,becauseitcanfunctionasallofthem.(傳統(tǒng)上，能源效率的提高主要集中在單個設(shè)備上，這可能相當(dāng)有成效。但是專注于單個設(shè)備就像iPhone花精力發(fā)明一個更好的鬧鐘、一個更好的CD播放機、一個更好的日歷和一個更好的相機?，F(xiàn)在對于iPhone，我們根本不需要獨立的設(shè)備，因為它可以像所有設(shè)備一樣工作)”可推知，傳統(tǒng)的提高能源效率的做法已經(jīng)沒有必要、過時了。故選B項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是文章最后一句話“Inotherwords,it’snotthinkingefficient,it’sthinkingdifferent.(換句話說，這不是高效的思考，而是不同的思考)”可知，作者想要告訴我們，想要提高能源效率，就應(yīng)該換種思維方式。由此推知，A項“Thinkoutofthebox.(跳出框框思考；打破沉規(guī))”符合作者寫文章的意圖。故選A項。DThesecrettohappinessiskeepingbusy,researchhasfound.Keepingthemindoccupiedwithtasks—nomatterhowmeaningless—keepsoffnegativeemotions,thestudyfound.However,thebadnewsisthathumansareseeminglyborntobelazyinordertosaveenergy,accordingtoProfessorChristoperHsee,abehavioralscientistatChicagoUniversity.Inastudy,98studentswereaskedtocompletetwosurveys.Aftertheyhadcompletedthefirst,theyweremadetowait15minutestoreceivethenextone.Theyweregivenachoiceofeitherbandinginthefirstsurveynearbyoratamoredistantlocationtheyhadtowalkto.Nomatterwhichchoicetheymade,theyreceivedachocolatebar.Itturnedoutthatabouttwo-thirds(68students)chosethelazyoption.Thosewhohadtakenthewalkreportedfeelinghappierthanthosewhohadstayedput(呆在原處).Prof.Hseeconcludedthatkeepingbusyhelpedkeeppeoplehappy.Hesaidthefindings,reportedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,mighthaveaneffectonpolicies.“Governmentsmayincreasethehappinessofidlecitizensbyhavingthembuildbridgesthatareactuallyuseless,”hesuggested.Asforordinarypeople,headvised,“Getupanddosomething.Anything.Eveniftherereallyisnopointtowhatyouaredoing,youwillfeelbetterforit.”Headded,“Thinkingdeeplyorengaginginself-reflectioncanberegardedaskeepingbusy,too.”“Youdonotneedtoberunningaround,Youjustneedtobeengaged,eitherphysicallyormentally.”36.Keepingbusycanmakepeoplehappybecause________.A.itcanhelppeoplegetridoflazinessB.itcanmakepeoplesleepbetterC.itcanhelpgetridofnegativeemotionsD.itcangivepeopleasenseofachievement37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Policiesmaybeinfluencedbythefindings.B.TheofficialshavetakenProf.Hsee’sadvice.C.Inthestudyhalfstudentshandedinthefirstsurveynearby.D.Governmentscanincreasecitizens’happinessbybuildingbridges.38.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Everybodyisborntobehappy.B.Onlybykeepingworkingallthetimecanyougainhappiness.C.Prof.Hsee’sfindingwaspublishedinPsychologicalScience.D.Keepingbusygoesagainsthumannature.39.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatisHappinessB.TheSecretofHappiness:KeepingBusyC.TheFindingofResearch:DoWhatYouLikeD.TakeLifecorrectly【答案】36.C37.A38.D39.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。保持忙碌能擺脫負(fù)面情緒，讓人快樂起來。本文作者建議人們不要坐著啥也不做。【36題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Keepingthemindoccupiedwithtasks—nomatterhowmeaningless—keepsoffnegativeemotions，thestudyfound.”（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓大腦忙于任務(wù)——無論多么無意義——可以阻止負(fù)面情緒。）可知，保持忙碌之所以能讓人快樂是因為它能擺脫負(fù)面情緒。故選C?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hesaidthefindings,reportedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,mighthaveaneffectonpolicies.”（他說，發(fā)表在《心理科學(xué)》雜志上的研究結(jié)果可能會對政策產(chǎn)生影響。）和第五段“Governmentsmayincreasethehappinessofidlecitizensbyhavingthembuildbridgesthatareactuallyuseless，”（政府可以通過讓無所事事的公民建造實際上無用的橋梁來增加他們的幸福感）可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于政治。故選A?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“However,thebadnewsisthathumansareseeminglyborntobelazyinordertosaveenergy,accordingtoProfessorChristoperHsee,abehavioralscientistatChicagoUniversity.”(而壞消息是，據(jù)芝加哥大學(xué)行為科學(xué)家ChristoperHsee教授說，為了節(jié)省能量，人類似乎生來就懶惰。）可推知，忙碌有悖于與人的天性。故選D?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題?？v觀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“Thesecrettohappinessiskeepingbusy,researchhasfound.Keepingthemindoccupiedwithtasks—nomatterhowmeaningless—keepsoffnegativeemotions,thestudyfound.”(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，快樂的秘訣就是保持忙碌。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓大腦忙于各種任務(wù)——不管這些任務(wù)多么沒有意義——可以遠離負(fù)面情緒。)可知，本文告訴了大家幸福的秘訣。所以最佳標(biāo)題是幸福的秘密：保持忙碌。故選B。第二節(jié)：閱讀并回答問題(共4題;40-42題每小題2分，43題4分，共10分)閱讀下面短文和問題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和每小題后的具體要求，完成對該問題的回答。答語要意思清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)正確，書寫工整。Pranks(惡作劇)areapopularwayofmakingfunofothersandgettingalaugh.Whilesomeexpertspointoutpotentialnegatives,prankingcanalsodecreasestress,raiseasmile,andstrengthenrelationships.PrankAliens,abest-sellingbook,tellsastoryaboutaboynamedMaxwhoissearchingforthegreatestprankofalltime.HisauthorMattStantononcesaidthatprankinginthehomecanbuildstrongrelationshipsbetweenparentsandkids.“Someofthebestrelationship-buildingmomentsIhavewithmyownkidsarewhenIenterintotheirspace,”Stantonsaid.“Anadultjoiningintheirgamescanbesurprisingforkidsandbringwonderfulmomentsofjoy.It’sagreatwaytodemonstratetoourkidsthatwecanlaughatourselvesandstillfeellovedandsafe,”headded.Butplayingtrickscancomewithunintendedconsequences,saidpsychiatristMarkCross.Pranksthatareintendedtoharmorembarrasscanangerthetargetandevenruinarelationship.However,Crossalsoadded“Prankingcanbegoodwhentheoutcomeislaughterforeveryone,includingtheprankedperson.Itcanbeagreatreleaseofstress.Whenyoulaugh,youbreathedeeper,whichhelpseaseanxiety.”Sowhynottrysomepranks?Wrappingvegetablesandshoesupaspresentsforkidsontheirbirthdaysalwaysgetsagreatreaction.Puttingplasticspidersinguests’drinksorplacingawhoopeecushiononanunsuspectingperson’schairissuretocauseabellylaugh.Allthesemightjustbegoodforyouandeveryoneinvolved.40.Whatarethebenefitsofpranking?(不多于10個詞)________________________________________________________________41.WhatarethebestmomentsforStantontobuildrelationshipwithhischildren?(不多于7個詞)________________________________________________________________42.Whencanpranksangerthetargetorevenruinarelationship?(不多于10個詞)________________________________________________________________43.Inadditiontopranking,whatotherwayscanyouusetostrengthenrelationshipswithfamilymembers?(40詞左右)________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Decreasingstress,raisingasmile,andstrengtheningrelationships.41.Whenheentersintotheirspace.42.Whenpranksareintendedtoharmorembarrass.43.Wecanusemanymethodstostrengthentherelationshipwithourfamilymembers,suchasmakinganappointmenttoeat,takingawalk,exercising,traveling,etc.Theseactivitiescanhelpunderstandeachother’sideasandcurrentsituation,andeliminateestrangement.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。惡作劇是一種很流行的取笑他人和獲得笑聲的方式。雖然一些專家指出了潛在的負(fù)面影響，但惡作劇也可以減輕壓力，提高微笑，加強人際關(guān)系。文章論述了惡作劇給人們帶來的好處?！?0題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whilesomeexpertspointoutpotentialnegatives,prankingcanalsodecreasestress,raiseasmile,andstrengthenrelationships.(雖然一些專家指出了潛在的負(fù)面影響，但惡作劇也可以減輕壓力，讓人微笑，加強人際關(guān)系)”可知，惡作劇也可以減輕壓力，讓人微笑，加強人際關(guān)系。故答案為Decreasingstress,raisingasmile,andstrengtheningrelationships.【41題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的““Someofthebestrelationship-buildingmomentsIhavewithmyownkidsarewhenIenterintotheirspace,”Stantonsaid.(“我和孩子們建立關(guān)系的最佳時刻是我進入他們的空間，”斯坦頓說)”可知，斯坦頓與孩子建立關(guān)系的最佳時刻是當(dāng)他進入孩子們的空間的時候。故答案為Whenheentersintotheirspace.【42題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Pranksthatareintendedtoharmorembarrasscanangerthetargetandevenruinarelationship.(意圖傷害或難堪的惡作劇會激怒目標(biāo)，甚至破壞關(guān)系)”可知，當(dāng)惡作劇是意圖傷害或讓人難堪時，惡作劇會激怒目標(biāo)，甚至破壞關(guān)系。故答案為Whenpranksareintendedtoharmorembarrass.【43題詳解】考查開放性試題。積極向上，言之有理即可，注意字?jǐn)?shù)限制。供參考Wecanusemanymethodstostrengthentherelationshipwithourfamilymembers,suchasmakinganappointmenttoeat,takingawalk,exercising,traveling,etc.Theseactivitiescanhelpunderstandeachother’sideasandcurrentsituation,andeliminateestrangement.第三部分語言運用第一節(jié)選詞填空(共7題;每小題1分共7分)用所給詞或詞組正確形式完成下列句子(每空一詞，每詞只能用一次。)apartfrom,getstuck,