Unit7 同步重點知識清單講義

Unit7同步重點知識清單講義2/2詞匯過關(guān)測一、構(gòu)詞法梳理與背誦1）派生法構(gòu)詞①lawn.法律→__________n.律師②assistv.幫助，協(xié)助→__________n.助手，助理，副手→__________n幫助，輔助；③physicn.醫(yī)學(xué)→__________n.醫(yī)生④receptionn.接待→__________n.接待員⑤consultv.咨詢；請教→__________n.顧問⑥libraryn.圖書館→__________n.圖書館管理員⑦operatev.操作→__________n.操作員；電話接線員⑧fascinatevt.深深吸引，迷住→__________adj.被迷住的，被吸引住的；極感興趣的⑨departv.離開→__________n.（醫(yī)院、大學(xué)、公司、政府的）科，系，處，部；（大商場的）部⑩institutevt.建立；制定→__________n.機構(gòu)，團體；制度?administratevt.管理→__________n.管理，行政；執(zhí)行，實施?managevt.負責(zé)，管理→__________n.經(jīng)營，管理→__________n經(jīng)營者，管理者?relyvi.依賴，依靠→__________adj.可信賴的，可靠的?impressvt.使留下深刻印象，使欽佩→__________adj.給人深刻印象的，令人欽佩的→__________n印象2）派生法構(gòu)詞①intelligencen.智力，智慧，理解力→__________adj.機智的，有才智的；有智慧的，聰明的②lowadj.（數(shù)量、水平或價值）少的，低的→__________adj.（數(shù)字或數(shù)量）較小的；較低級的；③associatev.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系；交往→__________n.聯(lián)系；協(xié)會，社團④disablev.使喪失能力；使傷殘→__________n.傷殘，殘障，障礙⑤willn.意愿；意志，毅力→__________adj.樂意、愿意（做某事）的⑥abledadj.身體健全的→__________adj.殘障的，殘疾的，有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的→__________adj.可以的，能夠的→__________n.能力→__________v.使可以，使能夠⑦togetheradv.一起，共同→__________adv.總而言之，總的說來；完全，全部⑧soleadj.僅有的；唯一的→__________adv.唯一地，僅僅3）派生法構(gòu)詞①financen.財政；金融；財務(wù)→__________adj.財政的，金融的；財務(wù)的②logicn.邏輯；道理，合理的想法→__________adj.合乎邏輯的；合情合理的→__________adv.合乎邏輯地；合情合理地；③comprehendv.理解；領(lǐng)悟；懂→__________n.理解（力）；閱讀理解測試→__________adj全面的，綜合的；④technologyn.技術(shù)→__________n.生物技術(shù)⑤motivatev.使（人）產(chǎn)生動機，刺激→__________adj.積極的，主動的→__________n.動力，動機；4）派生法構(gòu)詞①professvt.傳授，教→__________n.專業(yè)，行業(yè)→__________adj.專業(yè)的，職業(yè)的；②retirev.退休→__________n.退休，退職→__________adj.退休的；③innovatevi.＆vt.改革，創(chuàng)新→__________n.革新，創(chuàng)新→__________n.革新者，創(chuàng)新者④specialadj.專門的→__________n.專家⑤occupyv.擁有（職位、工作）→__________n.工作，職業(yè)⑥trainvt.培訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)練一__________vt.（為從事新工作）接受再培訓(xùn)，對······再訓(xùn)練⑦likelyadj.可能的→__________n.可能，可能性⑧secureadj.安全的；可靠的→__________n.保障，保護；保安措施，安全工作⑨employvt.雇用→__________n.雇用者，雇主5)派生法構(gòu)詞①photographv.拍照；照相→__________n.攝影者②applyv.申請→__________n.申請人→__________n.申請書③journaln.報紙，刊物，雜志→__________n.新聞工作者，新聞記者④eldern.長者→__________adj.年老的，漸老的⑤respectfuladj.尊敬的→__________adv.有禮貌地，恭敬地⑥optv.選擇；挑選→__________n.選擇；（計算機的）選項，選擇第二部分單元知識清單一、重點句式及語法串講1、Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshaveahigherIQandthatthereisnothingtheycandotochangetheirsituation.當(dāng)看到其他學(xué)生比自己優(yōu)秀時，他們通常會認為那些學(xué)生智商更高，無論做什么也改變不了自身這一劣勢。多個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.他說你太小，不理解這件事，他被要求不要告訴你。Shetoldmethathermotherwasateacherandthatshewouldbeateachertoo.她告訴我她的媽媽是一名老師，她也要當(dāng)老師。（1）在通常情況下，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that是可以省略的。（1）在通常情況下，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that是可以省略的。Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.他告訴我他將在下一年上大學(xué)。（2）在以下幾種特殊情況下，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that不能省略：①當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句并列使用時，即使省略了第一個從句的引導(dǎo)詞that，后面的that也不可省略。Hesaid(that)itwasn'thisbusinessandthatthegovernmentshoulddosomethingaboutit.他說這不關(guān)他的事，政府應(yīng)該對這事想點辦法。②當(dāng)that從句與動詞被其他詞或從句隔開時，that一般不省略。Theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.他們又一次告訴我們形勢是嚴峻的。被us和onceagain隔開③為了強調(diào)把that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句置于句首時，that不能省略。ThatsheisagoodgirlIknow.她是一個好姑娘，我是知道的。④that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞except，but，besides的賓語時，that不能省略。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.我只知道他是南方人，其他一無所知。單句語法填空①Weallexpect________theywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.②Ibelievethatyouhavedoneyourbestand________thingswillgetbetter.③________heeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon'tbelieve.④Makesure________therearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.判斷句中的連詞that是否可省略⑤Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.⑥Hesaidthathecouldn'ttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldn'tunderstand.⑦ThatyoucouldcompletetheprojectsosoonIneverthought.⑧Iknownothingaboutmynewneighbourexceptthatheusedtoliveabroad.⑨ThedealertoldmehowmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.答案：①that②that③That④that⑤可省略⑥第一個that可省略，第二個that不可省略⑦不可省略⑧不可省略⑨不可省略2、However,newresearchintoEQ(EmotionalQuotient)suggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplytheresultofahighIQ.然而，最新的情商研究表明，成功并不僅僅是高智商的結(jié)果。suggest后從句的語氣Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.他臉上的表情表明他生氣了。學(xué)法點撥學(xué)法點撥當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”時，其后的名詞性從句應(yīng)使用陳述語氣；當(dāng)suggest表示“建議，提議”時，其后的名詞性從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，即從句中謂語應(yīng)使用“（should＋）動詞原形”。Hisattitudesuggeststhatheisn'tinterested.他的態(tài)度表明他并不感興趣?！愂稣Z氣Theysuggestedwe(should)attendthemeetingrightaway.他們建議我們馬上去參加會議。虛擬語氣一言辨異Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe（should）haveamedicalexamination.簡蒼白的臉表明她生病了，她父母建議她做一下體檢。單句語法填空①Whathesaidsuggestedthathe_______(be)acheat.②Isuggestedthatwe_______(tackle)theprobleminanotherway.③Itwassuggestedthatwe_______(leave)asearlyaspossible.完成句子④Hissmilesuggestedthat__________________________（他是滿意的）.⑤Alltheevidencesuggeststhat__________________________（她偷了錢）.⑥Shesuggestedthat__________________________（班會不應(yīng)該在星期六舉行）.答案：①was②（should）tackle③(should)leave④hewassatisfied⑤shestolethemoney⑥theclassmeeting(should)notbeheldonSaturdayatwork,itisIQthatgetsyouemployed,butitisEQthatgetsyoupromoted.······幫你找到工作的是智商，但讓你升職的是情商。get＋賓語＋過去分詞作賓補Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentist's.簡在牙醫(yī)那兒把她的壞牙拔掉了。歸納拓展歸納拓展過去分詞作賓語補足語說明賓語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，賓語與過去分詞之間為被動關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的承受者。能夠接過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞主要有：（1）使役動詞：have，make，get，keep等；Idon'tspeakgoodFrench,butIcanmakemyselfunderstood.我法語說得不好，但我能使別人明白我的意思。（2）感官動詞：watch，see，hear，notice，feel等；此外，find也有此用法；Icouldn'tbelievemyearswhenIheardmynamementionedontheradio.當(dāng)我聽到收音機里我的名字被提到時，我簡直不敢相信自己的耳朵。Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown.他失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)他的建議被拒絕了。（3）表示“希望，愿望，命令”的動詞：want，wish，like，expect，order等。Thebosswouldn'tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.老板不希望現(xiàn)在討論這個問題。單句語法填空①Everyonewishesthematter_________(settle)assoonaspossible.②Inoticedsomekeywords_________(leave)outaccidentallybyhim.③Thephilosopherwillgethispaper_________(publish)nextmonth.④We'vedecidedtodrivethere,soyoumustgetthecar_________(repair)assoonaspossible.答案：①settled②left③published④repaired..theircharacter,asmeasuredbyEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.······由情商測定的性格實際上可能比智商更重要。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，如果as后為“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)，be常省略（上句就是此用法）。Thematerialiselastic,asshowninthefigure.如圖所示，這種材料富有彈性。歸納拓展asisknown／well-knowntoall眾所周知 asisreported正如報道的那樣asisoftenthecase情況常常如此 asoftenhappens這種情況常常發(fā)生ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述 asisexpected正如所預(yù)料的Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.眾所周知，月球繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。Asisoftenthecase,mymotherhasthefinalsayintheargument.通常情況下，我母親在爭論中擁有最終決定權(quán)。Asoftenhappens,Lucyintendstogotothelibrarythisweekend.誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū)警示·as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，先行詞是整個主句，as引導(dǎo)的從句位置比較靈活，可以位于主句之前、主句中間或主句之后，as含有“正如，像”等意思?！hich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，先行詞可以是整個主句也可以是主句的部分內(nèi)容，which引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在主句之后，which常譯為“這一點，這件事”等。A'sIexplainedonthephone,thesurgeryisveryrisky.as在從句中作賓語正如我在電話中解釋的，這個手術(shù)有很大的風(fēng)險。Talksbetweenthetwocountries,asisreportedinthenewspapers,aremakingprogress.as在從句中作主語正如報紙上報道的那樣，兩國之間的談判正在取得進展。Theweatherturnedouttobefine,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.which指代整個主句天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴了，這是我們沒有料到的。Hismotherdoesn'tallowhimtoswimintheriver,whichisdangerous.which指代主句的一部分內(nèi)容他媽媽不允許他在河里游泳，這很危險正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，露西打算這個周末去圖書館。Sheisabsentagain,asisexpected.正如預(yù)料的那樣，她又缺席了。單句語法填空①Asalready_________(mention)thelegislationdoesnotconsiderlowpayasanacceptablereasonforturningdownajob.②_________isoftenthecase,girlslikedollswhileboyslikeguns.③Hechangedhismind,_________mademeveryangry.④Thenumberofsmokers,_________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.⑤_________ismentioned,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.答案：①mentioned②As③which④as⑤As5、ItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewithhighEQsareopento...人們普遍認為，情商高的人容易接納··.It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句ItisreportedthatthefilmiswellreceivedoutsideChina.據(jù)報道，這部電影在國外很受歡迎。歸納拓展it作形式主語，主語從句作真正的主語的句型：it作形式主語，主語從句作真正的主語的句型：(1)It+be+過去分詞（said，reported，thought，expected，announced，decided，ranged...）＋that從句。Itisnotdecidedwhowillgivetheoperationonthepatient.誰給病人做手術(shù)還沒有決定。(2)It+be+名詞詞組（nowonder，awonder，anhonour，agoodthing，apity，nosurprise...）＋that從從句.Itisapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.真遺憾，你錯過了那場激動人心的足球賽。Itisnosurprisethattheteamshouldhavewonthegame.那支隊伍贏得這場比賽，這不足為奇。(3)It＋be＋形容詞（important，uncertain，essential，necessary，amazing．．．）＋that從句.ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny'sbirthdaypartyornot.他是否能來參加珍妮的生日聚會還不確定。Itisessentialthatyou(should)havesomeexperience.你必須得有些經(jīng)驗。(4)It＋happens等不及物動詞或短語＋that從句使用虛擬語氣IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.他打電話時，碰巧我不在家。(5)Itdoesn＇tmatter／makesnodifference．．．＋連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句．Itdoesn'tmatterhowyourememberthewordssolongasyoucanlearnthembyheart.只要你能把它們背下來，怎么記單詞并不重要。Itmakesnodifferencetomewhowillshowupattheceremony.誰出席典禮對我來說無關(guān)緊要。單句語法填空①Itisimportant______heshouldknowaboutthis.②_____isapitythathedidn'tgetthescholarshipbecauseofhispooracademicperformance.③Itdoesn'tmatter______you'redressed.Noonecares.④______issuggestedthatonnooccasionshouldyoutellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.⑤Itisclearlystated______theseregulationsapplytoeveryoneintheneighbourhood,withoutexception.⑥Itisoften______(say)thathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedtospeak.答案：①that②It③how④It⑤that⑥saidAndthefactthatitmightbepossibletoraiseEQsmeansthatschoolsneedtomakesurethattheirstudentsarereceivinganeducationtheyreallyneed...此外，情商是可以后天提高的，這就意味著學(xué)校需要確保學(xué)生接受真正所需的教育.同位語從句that在同位語從句中不作成分，也無實際含義，只起連接作用Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.我們明天放假的消息不實。Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.誰將接替他的位置仍不清楚。歸納拓展歸納拓展(1)that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，常跟在某些抽象名詞（如fact，hope，desire，thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility,chance,doubt,question等）之后，用于解釋說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.那筆錢不見了這一事實并不意味著錢是被偷了。(2)同位語從句也可以由連接代詞who，what，whose，which，連接副詞how，when，where，why及whether引導(dǎo)。Ihavenoideawherethemanuscriptis.我不知道手稿在哪里。Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.這個問題是對還是錯要看結(jié)果。誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū)警示在某些表示要求、命令、建議等名詞（如demand，suggestion，request等）后的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語用“（should＋）動詞原形”。TherewasasuggestionthatBrown(should)bedroppedfromtheteam.有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該退出球隊。單句語法填空①Theidea______youcandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.②Wearedelightedatthenews______ourteamhaswon.③There'sapossibility______wewilltraveltoEuropethissummervacation.④Ihavenoidea______thecellphoneisn'tworking,socouldyoufixitforme?答案：①that②that③that④whyKeepdoingthis,andyoucanbecomeanexpertoraspecialistinsomethingoneday.持之以恒，這樣有一天你才會成為某個行業(yè)的專家或?qū)I(yè)人士。祈使句＋and＋陳述句Givemeonemorehour,andI'llgettheworkfinished.再給我一個小時，我將完成這項工作。學(xué)法點撥類似句式：類似句式：（1）祈使句＋or陳述句（or意為“否則，要不然”）＋or＋陳Followyourdoctor'sadvice,oryourcoughwillgetworse.=Ifyoudon'tfollowyourdoctor'sadvice,yourcoughwillgetworse.聽從醫(yī)生的建議，否則你的咳嗽會更厲害。（2）祈使句＋otherwise＋陳述句（otherwise相當(dāng)于or）Doasyouaretold,otherwiseyouwillbeintrouble.叫你怎么做你就怎么做，否則你會有麻煩的。（3）名詞短語＋and＋陳述句+and+Onemorestep,andhewillbehitbythepassingcar.再走一步，他就會被路過的汽車撞到。歸納拓展（1）“祈使句＋and／or／otherwise＋陳述句”中，陳述句常用一般將來時。（1）“祈使句＋and／or／otherwise＋陳述句”中，陳述句常用一般將來時。（2）祈使句表示條件，陳述句表示結(jié)果。（3）表順承關(guān)系時用and，表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時用or。Standoverthereandyou'llbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter.=Ifyoustandoverthere,you'llbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter.站到那邊去，你會更清楚地看到那幅油畫。該句式中的祈使句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句或分詞短語作狀語單句語法填空①Followyourdoctor'sadvice,________youwillgetbettersoon.②Don'teatsomanysweets,________you'llhaveatoothache.③OnemorehourandI________(get)thewiresconnected.④［2018·北京卷］Inanyunsafesituation,simply________(press)thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.完成句子⑤_________________________（把燈打開）andyou＇llseethewordsclearlyontheticket.⑥Attachthestamptotheenvelope,_________________________（否則信是寄不出去的）.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換⑦Ifyoustudyharder,youwillcatchupwiththeotherstudents.→________________,andyouwillcatchupwiththeotherstudents.答案：①and②or③willget④press⑤Switchthelighton/Switchonthelight/Turnthelighton/Turnonthelight⑥ortheletterwon'tbesent⑦Studyharder;StudyingharderWhatifyourjobdisappearsafterworkingfor10yearsinthefield？假如自己辛辛苦苦工作了十年的崗位消失了怎么辦？Whatif...?如果··.··怎么辦？Whatifitrainedandthenfrozeallthroughthosemonths?如果那幾個月一直下雨然后又結(jié)冰該怎么辦？(1)表示假設(shè)，意為“假若··？”“假若·怎么辦？”“要是·····將會怎么樣？”。其后句子可用陳述語氣（用一般現(xiàn)在時），也可用虛擬語氣（用一般過去時或“sh(1)表示假設(shè)，意為“假若··？”“假若·怎么辦？”“要是·····將會怎么樣？”。其后句子可用陳述語氣（用一般現(xiàn)在時），也可用虛擬語氣（用一般過去時或“should＋動詞原形”）。若是針對過去情況，從句則should＋動用過去完成時。Whatifitrainswhenwecan'tgetundershelter?假若下起雨來，我們又沒處避雨可怎么辦？（陳述語氣）WhatifIcametomorrowinsteadofthisafternoon?要是我今天下午沒來，明天來呢？（虛擬語氣）Whatifnoonehadbeenthere？針對過去的情況進行虛擬假如沒有人去過那里的話，會怎么樣？（虛擬語氣）(2)表示邀請或建議，意為“如果······怎么樣？”“如果······如何？”。Whatifyoujoinusforlunch？同我們一起吃午飯怎么樣？(3)表示不重要，意為“就算······那又怎樣？”，通常與so連用。若句意清楚，sowhatif...有時可省略成sowhat。Sowhatifhewaslate.Whocares？他就是遲到了那又怎樣。誰在乎？I＇mafraidit＇stooexpensive.恐怕太貴了。Sowhat？We＇veplentyofmoney.那有什么關(guān)系？我們有的是錢。單句語法填空①［2018·天津二考］______iftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?②［2021·北京卷］What______ourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat?寫出句中whatif的含義③Whatifwehaveapicnicthisweekend?④Whatifthehostdoesn'tlikeyoutosmokethere?答案：①What②if③如果··怎么樣④假如··怎么辦Learningorworkinginanewenvironment,youneedtohaveagoodsenseofjudgementwhenjoiningadiscussionormakingadecision.在一個新環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)或工作，參加討論或作決定時，你需要有良好的判斷力。狀語從句的省略Whencomparingdifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferences.在比較不同的文化時，我們往往只注意差異。學(xué)法點撥當(dāng)時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致（或從句主語是it）、且從句謂語含有be動詞時，可以把從句主語和be動詞一起省略。狀語從句省略后的結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致（或從句主語是it）、且從句謂語含有be動詞時，可以把從句主語和be動詞一起省略。狀語從句省略后的結(jié)構(gòu)：連詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞／過去分詞／介詞短語／名詞／代詞／形容詞／副詞Thoughknowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.盡管知道了這一切，但他們還是讓我賠償損失。Ifgivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.如果給我們更多的時間，我們就能把工作做得更好。Whenintrouble,thecomposeralwaysturnstohisfriendsforhelp.遇到困難時，這位作曲家總是向他的朋友們求助。Whileayoungboy,thelinguistshowedgreatinterestinlanguage.這位語言學(xué)家還是個小男孩時就對語言表現(xiàn)出了極大的興趣。Workhardwhenyoung,oryou'llregret.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。歸納拓展已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)的省略：ifpossible如果可能的話 ifnecessary如果有必要的話 ifso如果是這樣的話Ifnot如果不；不然的話If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty. 如果可能的話，他會幫你擺脫困境。單句語法填空①Once________(see),itcanneverbeforgotten.②Iwon'tgotoattendherpartyevenif________(invite).③When________(impress)bythestranger'sactofkindness,hedecidedtopassiton.④While________(walk)thedog,Iwascarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyarunningcar.⑤When________(visit)anothercountry,youshouldbeawareofthosedifferencesandrespectthem.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換⑥WhileshewasinFrance,thegirlpickedupsomeFrench.,thegirlpickedupsomeFrench.⑦IfIweregivenmoretime,Icouldhavedoneitbetter.moretime,Icouldhavedoneitbetter.⑧Ifitisnecessary,youcanbuyamaptohelpyou.,youcanbuyamaptohelpyou.答案：①seen②invited③impressed④walking⑤visiting⑥WhileinFrance⑦Ifgiven⑧Ifnecessary9、Then,walkinholdingyourheadhighandsmile.然后，高昂著頭微笑著走進去。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果或伴隨等情況。有時為了強調(diào)，分詞前會加when，while，if，unless，once，though，evenif，asif等連詞一起作狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果或伴隨等情況。有時為了強調(diào)，分詞前會加when，while，if，unless，once，though，evenif，asif等連詞一起作狀語。(1)時間狀語（相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句）Hearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.聽到老師的聲音，學(xué)生們立刻停止了講話。Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.離開機場時，他們一次又一次地向我們揮手。(2)原因狀語（相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句）現(xiàn)在分詞否定式：not＋現(xiàn)在分詞Notrecoveringfromtheoperation,Icouldn'tkeeppacewithyou.由于尚未從手術(shù)中恢復(fù)，我跟不上你的步伐。(3)條件狀語（相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句）Turningright,youwillfindthecircusyouwant.向右轉(zhuǎn)，你會找到你想要的馬戲團。(4)讓步狀語（相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句）Thoughlivingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.盡管住在幾英里之外，他還是參加了課程。（5）伴隨狀語（5）伴隨狀語HesatatthetablereadingChinaDaily.他坐在桌子旁看《中國日報》。（6）結(jié)果狀語Themotherdied,leavingalotofmoneytoherchildren.那位母親去世了，給她的孩子們留下了一大筆錢?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語表示自然的、順理成章的結(jié)果，而不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，且常與only搭配使用Ihurriedtohishouse,onlytofindhimnotin.我匆匆趕到他家，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他不在家。單句語法填空①［2019·江蘇卷］Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,________(reflect)man'sintelligenceandcreativity.②［2017·天津二考］Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.③［2016·北京卷］Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,________(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.答案：①reflecting②allowing③turning第三部分習(xí)題強化訓(xùn)練第一節(jié)閱讀理解A［2021-2022河南信陽高二期中］Wemightchooseacareerbasedontheopportunitiesfortravel,butwhenwereachthefutureandknowmoreandbetteryearslater,wewilllookbackandregretallourtimespentfarawayfromhome.Asalmosteverychoicehasacertainbadaspectoranother,bothachoiceanditsoppositecaneachhavedisadvantagesthatcanmakeusseemobviouslyregrettable.Regretisunavoidableforalmostallofus,butweshouldnotignoreit.Forregrethassomethingtoteachus,theavoidanceofregretmaybeagoodgoalitself-evenifitisagoalthatwecanneverreach.Tounderstandwhy,itishelpfultolookatpsychological（心理學(xué)的）studiesoftheconditionsunderwhichweactuallyfeelregret.Amongthem,twooftheresultsareespeciallynoticeable.Thefirstisthedifferencebetweenactionandinaction.Intheshortrun,wetendtoregretthethingswedo.Thisistheuncomfortablefeelingwegetimmediatelyafterrealisingwehavechosentoleavefromawrongplaceormadeacarelesscomment.But,inthelongterm,itisthethingsthatwedon'tdothatwemostregret.Atthetopofourmostcommonregretsarenothavingtheadvantageofahighereducationandnotspendingenoughtimewithfriendsandfamily.Itisourinactions,ratherthanouractions,thatwemostregret.Thesecondisthatourregretsarisemostoftenfromthedifferencebetweenouractualandfutureselves.Regrettendstobedrivenbyourfailurestoliveuptoourownambition.Itisourownexpectationsforourselvesthatarethemostimportantsourcesofregret.Theadvicetoavoidregretisadvicethatwecannotfullyfollow.Regretisunavoidable.However,itmaybeagoodpieceofadvice,foritencouragesustotakeactionfollowingourowngoalsratherthanothers'expectations.1.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Bytellingusaninterestingstory.B.Bysharingafamiliarlifeexperience.C.Byusingsomeexperimentresults.D.Byprovidingthereaderswithexamples.2.Whydoeseveryonetendtoexperienceregretaccordingtothepassage?A.Regretisaverynormalemotion.B.Everyonewishestoforgettheshamefulpast.C.Anychoicecanhaveitsowndisadvantages.D.Everyonetriestolearntomanageregret.3.Whatistheattitudeoftheauthortowardsregret?A.Objective. B.Supportive. C.Unconcerned. D.Disappointed.4.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseregret?A.AllentoldhissecrettohisbestfriendJackson.B.Kingquarrelledwithhisyoungerbrotheragain.C.Tom'sparentsexpectedhimtoliveinZhengzhou.D.WillfailedhisowndreamofstudyinginShanghai.B［2021-2022安徽淮南高二第一次段考］SinceIbecameateenager,Ihavethoughtalotaboutmyownfuturejobandsetagoalforit.It'sverynecessaryandimportantformenowtodecidewhatIwanttobecome.Inthepast,IusedtowanttobeanengineerbecauseI'mgoodatdrawingandbuildingstuff,butmythoughthaschangedthroughtime.Iendupallofmychoicesasamanagerwhomanagesthewholesystemintheservicehotel.IhaveplannedthatIwillstudyhardinhighschool,andthenfinishIGCSEandIBwithahighscore.Afterthat,IwillmovetoagoodschoolintheUSAtolearnaboutbusinessandtheeconomyinmycountry.Duringmylifeinuniversity,Iproperlywillapplytoworkforsomesmallstoresandhotelstohavethefeelingofhowthingsworkinthereallife.Firstly,thereasonIliketobeahotelmanageristhatIfinditinterestingtousetechniquestopersuademorepeopletostayatthehotel.Secondly,Iseethatthedevelopmentinbusinessisthefastestgrowinginsectorsofindustrybesidestheprimaryandthesecondary,soIcanmakealotofmoney.Thirdly,it'stherangeofcommunity;ithasaveryhighrangetomeetdifferentpeoplewithdifferentnationalities.Fourthly,Iwanttohavemoreconfidenceandbecomeagoodleaderwithskills,forexample,Istillcan'tcontrolandpersuadepeopletolistentomesometimeswhenI'minchargeofPE'slesson.ThelastreasonwhyIstronglychoosetobeahotelmanagerisbecauseofmypressurefrommyfamily.Theyarethesecondgenerationofsuccessful3starshotels'managers.TheylikemetobecomewhatI'mgoingtodowhenIbecomeamanager.5.Whydidtheauthorwanttobeanengineeratfirst?A.Hewantedtofollowhisparents'expectation.B.Hewasgoodatsciencesubjectsatschool.C.Hethoughtbeinganengineerwasrespected.D.Hedidverywellindrawingandbuildingstuff,6.TheadvantagesinahotelbusinessaremanyexceptA.earningalotofmoneyB.comingacrossdifferentpeopleC.learningthespecialcultureintheUSAD.usingtechniquestopersuademorepeopletostay7.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor'sfamilyfromthethirdparagraph?A.Hisfamilyexperiencedalotofsuccess.B.Hisfamilyneverconsidertheauthor'sinterest.C.Hisfamilycansupporthimtobeahotelmanager.D.Hisfamilyhaveoperatedthehotelsformanygenerations.8.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Myfuturejob. B.Mycollegelife.C.Myfamilybusiness. D.Myexperienceinahotel.第二節(jié)七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。［2021-2022人大附中高二期中］Whatisafoodcritic?Afoodcriticisawriterwhospecialisesinwritingcriticismsoffood.Liketheatreandmoviecritics,foodcriticsaresupposedtoprovidethoughtful,well-informed,andobjectiveinformationtothepublicsothatmembersofthepubliccanmakedecisionsaboutwheretospendtheirmoney.9Howeversomemayalsoengageinmoregeneralfoodwriting.Becomingafoodcritictakestime.Manyfoodcriticspursueprofessionalexperiencesintheworldoffood,attendingculinaryschools,workinginrestaurants,participatinginfarming,andsoforth.10Agoodfoodcriticisextremelyknowledgeableaboutfood,fromhowcertainfoodsareharvestedtothehistoryofvariousdishes.Foodcriticsalsohaveverywell-developedpalates,andtheymayspecialiseinaparticulararea.11Foodcriticsmaymovebetweenpublishersoverthecourseoftheircareers,orstartworkingforthefoodsectionofapaperandworkinguptoapositionasafoodcritic.Ahandfulofcriticsbecomewell-knownandwell-respected,withmostprimarilybeingknownonlyintheareatheyserve.Professionalintegrityisveryimportantforfoodcritics.Manymakereservationsandvisitrestaurantsanonymously,sothattheygetanideaofhowarestaurantservesordinarycustomers.Theyalsomakerepeatvisitssothattheycanmakefairandbalancedassessmentsofarestaurantanditsofferings.12Implicationsoffavouritismorbriberycanruinthereputationofafoodcritic.Thisiswhatfoodcriticsarelike.Theydescribeandevaluatethefood,providingopinionsonitsquality.13Thesecanbeusedasareferenceforreaderstomakedecisions,A.Foodcriticshavetherighttoscoretherestaurant.B.It'simportantforthemtobefamiliarwithvarietiesoffood.C.Avoidanceofgiftsfromrestaurateursisalsoveryimportant.D.Therefore,theycanlearnabouteveryaspectofthefoodindustry.E.Afterconsideringallaspectsofthediningexperience,theygenerateratings.F.Foodcriticsprimarilywriteaboutrestaurantsfromfastfoodestablishmentstofancyrestaurants.G.Onceafoodcritichasgainedexperience,heorshecanstartwritingarticlesformagazinesandnewspapers.第三節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。［2021-2022山東青島高二期中］What＇sthedifferencebetweenhavingthedreamandlivingthedream?WandaSmithalwayswantedtobeaschoolteacherbutsometimesmeetinglife'sdemandingrealitiescanmeanadream14.Amotherofthree,Smithalsocaredforhermom.Directlyshoulderingherfamily15,shetookjobsasbusmonitorandcaretakerforBrenhamIndependentSchoolDistrictinTexas.Thehoursweredifficultand16,butratherthanletherdreamdie,sheaddednightclassestoher17.Nineyearson,shefinallygraduatedwithabachelor'sdegreefromSamHoustonStateUniversity.Shewasa(n)18teacheratlast.Smith'sstorycamefull19whenshewashiredasafirst-grade20backatBrenhamElementarySchool.“WhenIstandinfrontofmyclassroommyclassroomIam21mydream,"Smithsaid.Duringthepandemic,assomeofherstudentsstruggledtomeetthedemandsof22learning,Smithsteppeduptothe23.Notingthatmanyofthekidssheteachescomefromsingle-parentfamilies,shebegan24packetsofschoolworktothemathome.It'snowonderSmith'skids25her.Inaspecialsurpriseceremony,theyshoutedtheirpraiseforher.Smith'slifeisanexampleaswellasan26,Byalwaystryingtobethebestshecouldbe,withheartand27shegraduatedfromcleaningclassroomstoleadingclassrooms-andthat28putsheronourhonourroll.14.A.realised B.delayed C.formed D.lost15.A.balance B.expenses C.responsibilities D.loan16.A.tiring B.exciting C.long D.valuable17.A.dream B.schedule C.stories D.graduation18.A.part-time B.good C.certified D.ordinary19.A.time B.life C.look D.circle20.A.monitor B.caretaker C.student D.teacher21.A.living B.having C.breaking D.dreaming22.A.experimental B.distance C.English D.self23.A.lesson B.stairs C.challenge D.work24.A.buying B.describing C.selling D.delivering25.A.adore B.hate C.annoy D.touch26.A.occasion B.inspiration C.occupation D.exception27.A.skill B.favour C.devotion D.thought28.A.sincerely B.accidentally C.especially D.certainly答案1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Wemightchooseacareerbasedontheopportunitiesfortravel,butwhenwereachthefutureandknowmoreandbetteryearslater,wewilllookbackandregretallourtimespentfarawayfromhome.”可知，我們可能會根據(jù)旅行的機會選擇職業(yè)，但我們會因遠離家鄉(xiāng)而后悔。文章是通過講述一段個人熟悉的經(jīng)歷引起話題的。故選B。2．C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的bothachoiceanditsoppositecaneachhavedisadvantagesthatcanmakeusseemobviouslyregrettable可知，每個選擇的正反兩個方面都有各自的缺點，都會讓人后悔。故選C。3．A觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段中的achoiceanditsoppositecaneachh