江西省鷹潭市2025屆高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江西省鷹潭市2025屆高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試英語試題第I卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whendoesthepartystart?A.At8:00. B.At7:30. C.At5:00.【答案】A【原文】W:Thispartyisgoingtobethebestever!Matthew,howmanyguestshavearrived?M:Onlyfive.Thestarttimeiseighto’clock.Mostpeoplewon’tbehereuntil7:30,Iguess.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome. B.Inthecar. C.Intherestaurant.【答案】B【原文】M:Mom,arewealmostthereyet?I’msohungrythatIcouldeatthiswholedishofcornbread!W:Notquite,Mark.Westillhaveaboutanhour’sdrivebeforewereachGrandpa’shouse.M:Alright.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtogrowpumpkins. B.WhattoeatonHalloween. C.Whattowearforafestival.【答案】C【原文】M:Wow!Halloweeniscomingsoon!HaveyoudecidedwhatyouwillbedressingupforHalloween,Sara?W:I’mnotsurewhatIwanttobeyet.Iwanttobeeitherabutterflyorapumpkin.Andyou,Patrick?M:IwanttobeBatman!4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed. B.Apologetic. C.Determined.【答案】A【原文】W:Ican’tbelieveyougotcaughtforcheating.Whatwereyouthinking?M:I’msorry,Mom.IpromiseI’llneverdoitagain.W:You’vereallydisappointedme.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Classmates.【答案】C【原文】M:Therewillbeaparent-teachermeetinginourclassthisFridayandI’mworriedaboutit.W:Why?Wecanleaveschoolearlierthatday.M:Ididn’tdowellinthelastexam.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whywasthewomanunwillingtowakethemanupsoearly?A.Hedidn’tsleepwelllastnight.B.Hehasbeenexhaustedrecently.C.Hecangotoworklatetoday.7.Whatwillthemanprobablydofirst?A.Havebreakfast. B.Gobacktosleep. C.Sharehisdream.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】M:Judy,whattimeisit?W:Eighto’clock.It’stimeforyoutogetupandhavebreakfast.M:OhmyGod!I’mgoingtobelate!Ihavenotimetohavebreakfastnow.W:Youdon’thavetogotoworktoday,Steven.It’sSunday.Cometohavebreakfastnow.M:Oh,Ihaveapoormemorynow.Ihadabaddreamjustnow.W:Youhavebeentootiredrecently,darling.That’swhyIdidn’twakeyouupsoearlythismorning.Afterbreakfast,youcangotosleepagain.M:Yes.Ireallyneedtohaveagoodrest.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheman’ssuit?A.It’soutoffashion. B.It’stoobright. C.Itfitshimwell.9.Whatcolorshirtwillthemanwear?A.Navyblue. B.White. C.Yellow.10.Howdoesthemanfeelintheend?A.Grateful. B.Unconfident. C.Embarrassed.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【原文】W:Wow,Mike.Youlookverysmartinyournewsuit.M:Doesitsuitme?W:Ofcourseitdoes.Butthecheckedshirtdoesn’tgowellwithit.Doyouhaveanyothershirt?M:Whataboutthisoneinnavyblue?W:Navyblueisoutoffashion.Oh,Ipreferthewhiteone.Itsuitsyourskintoneandmatchesthesuittoo.M:Okay,I’llwearthisone.Whatdoyouthinkofmyyellowtie?W:Itlooksgood.M:Don’tyouthinkit’sabittoobright?W:It’sfine,Ithink.Theyellowtiebecomesyou,andit’squiteinfashionthisyear.M:Thanksforyoursuggestion.Youmakemefeelmoreconfident.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.Whereareprobablythespeakers?A.Inthelibrary.B.Inthebookstore.C.Attheman’shouse.12.Whatkindofbookdoesthewomanwant?A.Anadvancedgrammarbook.B.Anelementarygrammarbook.C.AbookaboutspokenEnglish.13.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.TrytolearnEnglishonline.B.StudyEnglishwithhisson.C.TakepartinanEnglishclub.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【原文】M:Goodmorning,ma’am.HowmayIhelpyou?W:Goodmorning.Doyouhavegrammarbooks?M:Yes,ma’am.Wehaveawealthofgrammarbooksinthelanguagesection.Whichonedoyouwant?W:Iwanttobuyanadvancedgrammarbook.M:Whichauthordoyouprefer?W:Idon’treallyknowaboutanyauthor.IjustwanttoimprovemyEnglishgrammarandmyspokenEnglish.M:WehavemanybookspublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,whicharequitepopular.Wealsohaveacataloguethatyoucanbrowsethrough.W:Okay,letmehavealook.M:Ma’am,Ihaveasuggestion.YoucanjoinaclubtoimproveyourspokenEnglishasmysonhadenrolledfewmonthsagoandhadareallygoodexperience.W:Okay,thanks.Iwouldlookituponline.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.WhatwasthemostpopularsportatAngelia’sschoolinLondon?A.Football. B.Basketball. C.Tabletennis.15.WhatisHenry’snationality?A.Chinese. B.American. C.British.16.HowmanypeoplemighttherebeonHenry’steam?A.Two. B.Three. C.Five.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【原文】M:HelloAngelia.I’mHenry.W:Oh,hiHenry.M:Mr.JohnsonsaidyouplayedtabletennisforseveralyearsinChina.Isthatright?W:Yes.M:Wonderful.I’vealwayswantedtoformatabletennisteam.Areyouinterestedinjoiningme?W:Ofcourse.ButIhaven’tplayeditforages.MyschoolinLondondidn’thaveateam.M:IthoughtyoucamefromChina.W:Yes.Butbecauseofmydad’sjob,IlivedinBritainforacoupleofyears.Nobodyplayedtabletennisatmyschoolthere.Itwasallaboutfootball!M:Honestly,inmycountry,America,everybodyisattractedbybasketball.W:Butdoyouthinkwecanformateam?It’sjustthetwoofusnow.M:I’vegotthreefriendsinterested.They’reJackie,RyanandAmanda.W:Great.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.WhatisShahzadQureshi’smainpurposeofplantingurbantrees?A.Toprovideahabitatforanimals.B.Tocreateashadyspotforpeople.C.Tocooltheair.18.WhatdidShahzadQureshidoin2017?A.Hehelpedplantanurbanforestinaschool.B.Hesetupagrammarschool.C.Heplanted14urbanforestsinPakistan.19.WhoisMuneezaShaikhli?A.Anenvironmentalist.B.Astudent.C.Aheadmaster.20.WhatcanstudentsdointheforestatKarachiGrammarSchool?A.Doscienceexperiments.B.Observetheinsects.C.Playwithbirds.【答案】17.C18.A19.C20.B【原文】M:Karachi,Pakistan,isoneofthehottestcitiesontheEarth.InJune2015,morethan1,000peoplediedthereduringaheatwave.“Itwasaterribletime,”ShahzadQureshisaid.“Weneededtodosomethingaboutit.”Aftertheheatwave,Qureshitookaction.HestartedUrbanForest.ThegroupplantsnativetreesincitiesinPakistan.Since2015,Qureshiandhisteamhavehelpedcooltheairbyplanting14urbanforestsinPakistan.TwelveareinKarachi.Thetreesalsoprovideahabitatforavarietyofanimalsandfoodforthecommunity.Andtheycreateashadyspotwherepeoplecanrelax.In2017,QureshihelpedplantanurbanforestatKarachiGrammarSchool.First,hemetwithstudentsthere.Hetaughtthemabouthowtreeshelptheenvironment.Thenthestudentspitchedin.Theyhelpedplantsaplingsintheschoolyard.“Theywereexcitedabouttheproject,”MuneezaShaikhlisays.She’saprincipalatKarachiGrammarSchool.“Theythemselveshadbeenexperiencingthehightemperaturesinthesummermonths.”Thetreesattractbirdsandcolorfulbutterflies.Studentsgooutsideduringscienceclasstostudytheforest.“It’slikealibraryofnativetreesinfrontofthekids,”Qureshisays.“Theycanidentifythenativespeciesandinsectsthatarearound.It’sabeautifulthingtosee.”第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所可給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A4GlobalArtFairstoSeein2025Theartmarketrisesandfalls,butartfairsareforever.Herearesomefairscomingupin2025.ArtDubai:Dubai,Apr.18-20Foundedin2007,ArtDubaiusuallyfeaturesaround120galleries,some65percentofwhicharefromtheGlobalSouth.Thefairhasasectionfordigitalworks—nottypicalatotherfairs.Thesoloprojectsection,Bawwaba,isworthseeing.ExpoChicago:Chicago,Apr.25-27ExpoChicagowasestablishedin2012.The2024editionhad170galleriesfrom29countriesexhibitingtheirartworks.OneofthosewasClaireOliverGalleryofNewYork,whichhasparticipatedineveryeditionsofar.“Welovethisfair,”ClaireOliversaid.“Thevisitorsareengaged,askgreatquestionsandaretrulycurious.”TokyoGendai:Yokohama,Sept.12-14Asianartfairshavebeengrowingrapidly.Thebiggestregionalplayer,ArtBaselHongKong,wasjoinedbySingapore’sArtSGin2023,thesameyearasthefirsteditionofTokyoGendai.Thefairhad69galleriesshowingcontemporaryartinJuly2024foritssecondedition.“Thefocusisoncutting-edgeandcontemporarywork,”saidTimBlum,whorunsthegalleryBlum.ParisPhoto:Paris,Nov.13-16Heldannually,ParisPhotowillhaveits28theditionin2025.Despitethephotographyfocus,organizerssaythefairhascrossoverappeal.“We’veexpandedtherangeofcollectors—wegetnotonlyphotographypeople,butcontemporaryartcollectors,”saidthefair’sartisticdirector,AnnaPlanas.21.WhatisspecialaboutArtDubai?A.Itsactiveinteraction. B.Itselectronicartworks.C.Itscutting-edgecollections. D.Itsthemeonphotography.22.Whichfairhasthelongesthistory?A.ArtDubai. B.ExpoChicago. C.TokyoGendai. D.ParisPhoto.23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplaintheworkofartists. B.Tomakeassessmentsonartmarket.C.Torecommendupcomingartfairs. D.Topredictfuturedevelopmentofart.【答案】21.B22.D23.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2025年即將舉辦的四個(gè)藝術(shù)展覽?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段ArtDubai:Dubai,Apr.18-20部分中“Thefairhasasectionfordigitalworks—nottypicalatotherfairs.(這次展會(huì)有一個(gè)數(shù)字作品展區(qū)，這在其他展會(huì)上并不常見)”可知，迪拜藝術(shù)博覽會(huì)的特別之處是它的電子藝術(shù)品。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Heldannually,ParisPhotowillhaveits28theditionin2025.(巴黎攝影展每年舉辦一次，到2025年將迎來第28屆)”可知，巴黎攝影展的歷史最悠久。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Theartmarketrisesandfalls,butartfairsareforever.Herearesomefairscomingupin2025.(藝術(shù)市場(chǎng)有起有落，但藝術(shù)博覽會(huì)是永恒的。以下是2025年即將舉辦的一些展會(huì))”可推知，文章的目的是介紹即將到來的藝術(shù)博覽會(huì)。故選C項(xiàng)。BDosongssharecertainuniversalfeaturesacrosscultures?Ifyouhearasonginanunfamiliarlanguageorrhythm,canyoustillgraspitssocialpurpose?A2019studyinSciencedemonstratedthatlistenersfrom60countriescouldreliablyidentifywhether14-secondsongclipswereusedfordancing,comfortinginfants,orhealingrituals—evenwhenthesongscamefromentirelyunfamiliarcultures.ThisfindingconnectswithmyfieldexperienceslisteningtoHaitiansongs.HaroldCourlander,afolkloristwhoworkedinHaitithroughoutthe1930s,says,“MusiccombinespracticallyallaspectsofHaitianexistence.Farmersoftenperformtheirtaskswithdrumminginthebackground.Andinthetemple,theironhoeinthefieldsoftenservesasamusicalinstrument.”Actually,Iregularlyheardfamiliesandfriendshereusesongsinordertohealthesoul,toreleasesocialstress,tocomfortnoisybabies,andtorelaxtheirbodies.Forexample,professionalsingerslikeNanismemorizedhundredsuponhundredsofsongsoverthecourseoftheirlives,usingthemtocomforttheirgrandchildrenandplayfullylightenthemood.Strugglingtolearnandrecognizethenewsounds,words,ideas,andbodylanguagearoundmewasaday-to-dayreality—afunandchallengingone.Formonths,IworkedtolistentoeachwordasNanissang.WhenothersintownheardNanissing,themessageofthesesongscouldrespondtotheirlives,bringingthembacktolifemomentswhenthesesongshadbeensungbefore.Itcouldalsothrowthemforwardintoimaginedfutureswheretheymightbesungagain.However,IstillrememberthatwhenIheardNanis’sMpapdianyenAyidaforthefirsttime,Ididn’tmakethemistakeofthinkingthatIheardthesonginthesamewaythataresidentwould.Thesong,impactfulasitwas,wasinterpretedthroughmyownsocialbackgroundandmusicalexperience.24.Whatdoesthestudyofsongsrevealatthebeginningofthetext?A.People’sgreatappreciationofmusic. B.People’scommonunderstandingofsongs.C.People’schangeableinterpretationsofsongs D.People’spreferenceforspecificmusictypes.25.WhatdoHaroldCourlander’swordsimplyaboutmusic?A.Itiscloselytiedtolife. B.Itisatoolforsocializing.C.Itismainlyforentertainment. D.Itisthemediumofagriculture26.WhatmaycontributetothepopularityofNanis’songsintown?A.Theirappealtodiverseagegroups. B.Theirpresentationoflocaltraditions.C.Theircatchyrhythmsandculturalthemes. D.Theiremotionalconnectiontopeople’slives.27.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Music’sDualNature:GlobalFunctions,CulturalRootsB.MusicasaBridge:UniversalLanguageAcrossCulturesC.HaitianMusic:MirroringSocialLifeandTraditionD.ScienceExplains:Music’sRoleinHumanConnection【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了音樂的雙重性——既有跨文化的普遍功能，如舞蹈、治療，又根植于特定文化，如海地農(nóng)具作樂器?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“A2019studyinSciencedemonstratedthatlistenersfrom60countriescouldreliablyidentifywhether14-secondsongclipswereusedfordancing,comfortinginfants,orhealingrituals—evenwhenthesongscamefromentirelyunfamiliarcultures.(2019年《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，來自60個(gè)國(guó)家的聽眾可以可靠地識(shí)別出14秒的歌曲片段是用于跳舞、安慰嬰兒還是治療儀式——即使這些歌曲來自完全陌生的文化)”可知，不同文化背景的人對(duì)歌曲的普遍功能有共同理解。故選B?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“HaroldCourlander,afolkloristwhoworkedinHaitithroughoutthe1930s,says,“MusiccombinespracticallyallaspectsofHaitianexistence.Farmersoftenperformtheirtaskswithdrumminginthebackground.Andinthetemple,theironhoeinthefieldsoftenservesasamusicalinstrument.”(20世紀(jì)30年代一直在海地工作的民俗學(xué)家哈羅德·庫蘭德說：“音樂幾乎結(jié)合了海地生活的方方面面。農(nóng)民們常常在鼓聲的背景下干活。在廟里，田地里的鐵锨常常充當(dāng)樂器?！?”可知，哈羅德·庫蘭德關(guān)于音樂所說的話的意味著音樂與生活緊密相連。故選A?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“WhenothersintownheardNanissing,themessageofthesesongscouldrespondtotheirlives,bringingthembacktolifemomentswhenthesesongshadbeensungbefore.(當(dāng)鎮(zhèn)上的其他人聽到Nanis唱歌時(shí)，這些歌曲的信息可以回應(yīng)他們的生活，把他們帶回這些歌曲以前被唱過的生活時(shí)刻)”可知，Nanis的歌曲在城里流行的原因是它們與人們生活的情感聯(lián)結(jié)。故選D?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“A2019studyinSciencedemonstratedthatlistenersfrom60countriescouldreliablyidentifywhether14-secondsongclipswereusedfordancing,comfortinginfants,orhealingrituals—evenwhenthesongscamefromentirelyunfamiliarcultures.(2019年《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，來自60個(gè)國(guó)家的聽眾可以可靠地識(shí)別出14秒的歌曲片段是用于跳舞、安慰嬰兒還是治療儀式——即使這些歌曲來自完全陌生的文化)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了音樂的雙重性——既有跨文化的普遍功能，如舞蹈、治療，又根植于特定文化，如海地農(nóng)具作樂器?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“音樂的雙重性：全球功能、文化根源”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。CWhenitisthetimeoftheyear,London’splantstoresappeartobefilledupwithalotofJamesWong’sfavoriteold-schoolVictorianhouseplants,whicharenowthoughttobeincrediblydifficulttogrow,thankstothewidespreadadoptionofcentralheating.Assomanyofthesecool-climatespecieslookremarkablyexotic,peopletendtoassumethatplantsdeclinesoonaftertheybringthemhomeduetotheirownfailuretotreatthemwiththesteamyjungleconditionstheyareconvincedplantsmustrequire.Wongbelievesthatknowingthatrealityisnormallythepolaroppositeiscomforting.Withthecurrentenergycrisiscausingalotofpeopletoconsiderreducingthenumberofroomstheyheataswellasthetemperatureineveryhomegenerallybeingactuallyreducedtoadecidedlycolderlevel,afewspeciescouldbegintocomeintotheirown,asperTheGuardian.Plantsrelyonlighttoproducefood,startthegrowingcycle,andensurehealthydevelopment.Photosynthesis(光合作用)wouldjustnotoccurwiththedeprivationoftheabsorptionenergyfromsunlight,andtherewouldbeinsufficientoxygentosupportlife.Wongholdsthatwhiletheselight-lovingspecieswillhandleawiderangeoftemperatures,thecombinationofwarmtemperaturesdrivinguptheirmetabolicrate(新陳代謝率)coupledwiththelackoflight(meaningtheydon’thavethesolarenergytosupportthisdesireforgrowth)iskindoflikemakinganemergencystopandspeedingupatthesametimeontheirbiology.Anydriverwouldn’tgothroughsuchaconflictintheirdrivingexperience.That’swhylight-emittingdiode(LED)lights,whichcansendoutdifferentwavelengthsoflightliketheformofredandbluelightusedbyplantsforflowering,arefrequentlyadoptedtopromoteplantgrowth.Theyarenotonlyeffectiveatstimulatingplantgrowth,butarealsoveryenergy-efficient.Basically,unlikemostlightbulbs,LEDsrequireverylittlepowertogeneratelight.28.Whatispeople’scommonassumptionaboutexoticplants?A.Theyarehighlysensitivetolight.B.Theyarehardtosurviveoutdoors.C.Theycan’tadapttochangeableweather.D.Theyneedahotandwetgrowingenvironment.29.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheVictorianhouseplantsfromparagraph3?A.Victorianhouseplantsarebecomingmorepopularinstores.B.SomeVictorianhouseplantsgrowbetterincoolerenvironments.C.Reducinghomeheatinghasharmedthemajorityofhouseplants.D.Theenergycrisishascausedtheseplantstorequiremoreartificialheating.30.WhatdoesWongprobablywanttostressbymentioningcardriving?A.Inefficiencyofphotosynthesis’function.B.Centralheating’snegativeeffectonplants.C.Seriousnessofplants’metabolicdisorders.D.Houseplants’adaptationtovarioustemperatures.31.WhatareLEDlightsusedtodoforhouseplants?A.Extendtheirgrowingcycles. B.Monitortheirmetabolicrates.C.Meettheiradditionalenergydemand. D.Offerappropriateroomtemperatures.【答案】28.D29.B30.B31.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章探討了維多利亞時(shí)代的室內(nèi)植物在現(xiàn)代供暖環(huán)境下的生長(zhǎng)困境，結(jié)合植物生理學(xué)原理與能源危機(jī)背景，提出了通過LED光照優(yōu)化的解決方案?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Assomanyofthesecool-climatespecieslookremarkablyexotic,peopletendtoassumethatplantsdeclinesoonaftertheybringthemhomeduetotheirownfailuretotreatthemwiththesteamyjungleconditionstheyareconvincedplantsmustrequire.(由于許多這些涼爽氣候的物種看起來非常奇特，人們傾向于認(rèn)為，植物帶回家后不久就會(huì)枯萎，因?yàn)樗麄冏约簺]有給它們提供他們認(rèn)為植物必須需要的潮濕叢林環(huán)境)”可知，人們誤以為這些來自涼爽氣候的植物需要“濕熱的熱帶條件”。D項(xiàng)中的ahotandwetgrowingenvironment與文中thesteamyjungleconditions意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Withthecurrentenergycrisiscausingalotofpeopletoconsiderreducingthenumberofroomstheyheataswellasthetemperatureineveryhomegenerallybeingactuallyreducedtoadecidedlycolderlevel,afewspeciescouldbegintocomeintotheirown,asperTheGuardian.(據(jù)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道，由于目前的能源危機(jī)，許多人開始考慮減少供暖房間的數(shù)量，每家每戶的溫度也普遍降低到一個(gè)明顯更低的水平，一些物種開始適應(yīng)并生長(zhǎng)良好)”可知，由于能源危機(jī)，家庭供暖減少，溫度降低，而一些維多利亞時(shí)代的植物因此“開始適應(yīng)并生長(zhǎng)良好”(comeintotheirown)。這說明這類植物更適應(yīng)較冷環(huán)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Wongholdsthatwhiletheselight-lovingspecieswillhandleawiderangeoftemperatures,thecombinationofwarmtemperaturesdrivinguptheirmetabolicratecoupledwiththelackoflight(meaningtheydon’thavethesolarenergytosupportthisdesireforgrowth)iskindoflikemakinganemergencystopandspeedingupatthesametimeontheirbiology.(Wong認(rèn)為，雖然這些喜光的物種可以適應(yīng)很寬的溫度范圍，但溫暖的溫度會(huì)提高它們的代謝率，再加上缺乏光線（意味著它們沒有太陽能來支持這種生長(zhǎng)的欲望），這有點(diǎn)像在它們的生物學(xué)上做一個(gè)緊急停止，同時(shí)又加速)”可知，“同時(shí)急剎車和加速”的駕駛比喻，強(qiáng)調(diào)中央供暖導(dǎo)致的高溫與光照不足的矛盾對(duì)植物新陳代謝的破壞。此比喻旨在說明中央供暖對(duì)植物的負(fù)面影響。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“That’swhylight-emittingdiode(LED)lights,whichcansendoutdifferentwavelengthsoflightliketheformofredandbluelightusedbyplantsforflowering,arefrequentlyadoptedtopromoteplantgrowth.(這就是為什么LED燈經(jīng)常被用來促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng)，LED燈可以發(fā)出不同波長(zhǎng)的光，例如植物開花時(shí)需要的紅光和藍(lán)光一樣)”可知，LED燈通過提供植物所需的光譜(紅光和藍(lán)光)促進(jìn)光合作用，彌補(bǔ)因室內(nèi)光照不足導(dǎo)致的能量短缺，從而滿足植物生長(zhǎng)的額外能量需求。故選C項(xiàng)。DWith86billionneurons(神經(jīng)元)and100trillionconnectionsbetweenthem,ourbraingivesusourcapacityforfreewill—ourconsciousness.Consciousnessisdifficulttodescribe,andscientistsstilldebatehowitarises.InThenIAmMyselftheWorld,neuroscientistChristofKochoffersthelatestentryintothelonglistofbooksattemptingtouncovertheoriginsofourinnerlives.Whilethetopiccanbeahead-scratcher,Koch’suseofcomparisonsandentertainingstoriesmakesthebookaninterestingandsurprisinglylightread.Kochchallengessomecommonunderstandingsofconsciousness,inwhichthebrainislikeacomputer,whereconsciousnessissoftwarethat’sprogrammedintothehardwareofourneurons.Thisconcept,hewrites,dominatesmanymovieswherehumansaresimilartoself-awarerobotslikeRachaelinBladeRunner.Insteadofseparatingsoftwareandhardware,Kocharguesthatthebrainisthestructureofconsciousness,whichistheideahedrawsfromtheintegratedinformationtheory,orIIT,aconsciousnessmodelfirstproposedbyneuroscientistGiulioTononiintheearly2000s.Itsuggeststhatconsciousnessistheactofabrain’ssystemofneuronsintegratingsensory,emotionalandcognitiveinformation,andbecauseofthis,theneurons’electrochemicalactivitycaninfluenceconsciousexperiences.Inturn,consciousnesscanaffectbrainnetworksbecausewhatwefeelorrememberimpactsthesenetworksinrealtime.Besides,Kocharguesconsciousnessisnotlimitedtothehumanbrainandispresentinotheranimalstoo.However,whilebothhumansandotheranimalsexperienceconsciousness,thescopeofthatconsciousnessdiffers.“Fordogs,theydon’tworryaboutwhat’sgoingtohappennextweekend,buttheyhavestatesofpainandjoy.Sohumans,whosebrainnetworkshavethehighestknownlevelofinterconnectivity,havemoreexpandedconsciousnessthandogs,”Kochsays.AlthoughAIlearnsmoreinformationandperformsmoredifficulttasks.Kochsays,itstillcannotreachhuman-levelconsciousness,Kochsays.Acomputer’snetworkoftransistor,whichcontroltheflowofelectricalsignalswithinthemachine,doesn’thavethepowernecessarytogiverisetohuman-levelconsciousness.Eachtransistorconnectstoonlyahandfulofothertransistors,whereasoneneuroncaninteractwiththousandsofothers.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“ahead-scratcher”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Controversial. B.Puzzling. C.Inspiring. D.Straightforward.33.Whatcanbeimpliedfromtheintegratedinformationtheory?A.Themind-brainconnectionisinteractive.B.Consciousnessisabyproductofbrainactivity.C.Theneurons’functionsarealwaysoverestimated.D.Consciousnesscanbepreprogrammedintothebrain.34.WhydoesKochcomparehumansanddogswhendiscussingconsciousness?A.Toconfirmanimalshavebasicconsciousness.B.Toclaimhumanconsciousnessisstillevolving.C.Toarguehumansandanimalssharesimilarneuralcomplexity.D.Toshowthatconsciousnessvarieswithneuralinterconnectivity.35.WhatmakesAIfailtoreplacethehumanbrainaccordingtoKoch?A.Themechanicalcontrolofelectricalsignals. B.Theprogressionofthehumanbrain.C.Thelimitationofcomputerhardware. D.Theinabilitytochooseconsciousexperiences.【答案】32.B33.A34.D35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要討論ChristofKoch關(guān)于意識(shí)起源的理論，尤其是整合信息理論（IIT）?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Consciousnessisdifficulttodescribe,andscientistsstilldebatehowitarises.(意識(shí)很難描述，科學(xué)家們?nèi)栽跔?zhēng)論它是如何產(chǎn)生的)”可推知，意識(shí)研究是復(fù)雜且令人困惑的。故劃線詞意思是“令人困惑的”。故選B?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itsuggeststhatconsciousnessistheactofabrain’ssystemofneuronsintegratingsensory,emotionalandcognitiveinformation,andbecauseofthis,theneurons’electrochemicalactivitycaninfluenceconsciousexperiences.Inturn,consciousnesscanaffectbrainnetworksbecausewhatwefeelorrememberimpactsthesenetworksinrealtime.(這表明，意識(shí)是大腦神經(jīng)元系統(tǒng)整合感覺、情感和認(rèn)知信息的行為，正因?yàn)槿绱?，神?jīng)元的電化學(xué)活動(dòng)可以影響意識(shí)體驗(yàn)。反過來，意識(shí)可以影響大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)，因?yàn)槲覀兊母杏X或記憶會(huì)實(shí)時(shí)影響這些網(wǎng)絡(luò))”可推知，綜合信息理論暗示大腦和意識(shí)之間的聯(lián)系是相互的。故選A?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Fordogs,theydon’tworryaboutwhat’sgoingtohappennextweekend,buttheyhavestatesofpainandjoy.Sohumans,whosebrainnetworkshavethehighestknownlevelofinterconnectivity,havemoreexpandedconsciousnessthandogs,”Kochsays.(“對(duì)于狗來說，它們不會(huì)擔(dān)心下周末會(huì)發(fā)生什么，但它們會(huì)有痛苦和快樂的狀態(tài)。因此，人類的大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有已知的最高水平的互聯(lián)性，比狗有更多的擴(kuò)展意識(shí)，”科赫說)”可推知，科赫在討論意識(shí)時(shí)比較人類和狗是為了表明意識(shí)隨著神經(jīng)互聯(lián)性的不同而不同。故選D?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Acomputer’snetworkoftransistor,whichcontroltheflowofelectricalsignalswithinthemachine,doesn’thavethepowernecessarytogiverisetohuman-levelconsciousness.Eachtransistorconnectstoonlyahandfulofothertransistors,whereasoneneuroncaninteractwiththousandsofothers.(計(jì)算機(jī)的晶體管網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制著機(jī)器內(nèi)部的電信號(hào)流動(dòng)，它沒有產(chǎn)生人類意識(shí)所需的能量。每個(gè)晶體管只與少數(shù)幾個(gè)晶體管相連，而一個(gè)神經(jīng)元可以與數(shù)千個(gè)其他神經(jīng)元相互作用)”可知，在科赫看來，計(jì)算機(jī)硬件的限制讓人工智能無法取代人類的大腦。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wildlifedocumentariesareknownforofferingbreathtakingimagesofanimalsintheirnaturalhabitats.Youmightbethinkingthattheseshowsofferatotallyrealportrayal(描繪)oftheseanimals—anobjectivewindowintotheirlivesastheyhunt,restandraisetheiryoung.____36____Whiletheimagesweseearefilmedonlocation,manyofthesoundsarerecordedinasoundstudioandaddedtotheprogramslaterbyhuman“Foleyartists(擬音師)”.____37____Usually,documentaryfilmmakerscanfilmtheirsubjectsfromagreatdistance,buttheygenerallycan’tgetcloseenoughtocaptureclearsoundswithoutdisturbingtheanimals.____38____Therewillprobablybebackgroundnoisessuchascrewmemberschattingorwalkingaroundifsoundsarerecordedonlocation.Inothercases,theanimalsmightmakesoundsofafrequencyorvolumethatmostmicrophonessimplycan’tcaptureclearly.“Foleyartists”willuseavarietyoftoolstosimulatethesoundsmadebyanimals.Andmostofthemwillcreatetheclose-upsoundsofanimalschewingoryawningwiththeirownmouths.Thesesoundsarecreatedastheartistwatchesthevideos,makingsuretheyperfectlymatchtheactionsthey’repairedwith.____39____Animalcries—whicharefartoocomplextobesimulated—willhavetobetakenfromlibraryrecordings.Watching“Foleyartists”atworkonwildlifeprojectsgivesmeathrillliketheonewegetwhenweseehowamagictrickisdone.Admittedly,thesignificanceofthetechniquegoesfurther.Howitisportrayedindocumentariesmayalsoimpactconservationefforts.____40____A.Butthisisn’tquitethecase.B.Therearesomeexceptions,though.C.TheFoleyprocessinvolvesalargeteam.D.Wildlifedocumentariesalsotendtorequirelargecrews.E.Soundsguideouremotionalinterpretationofthethingswesee.F.Thisisanunavoidableoutcomeofmodernwildlifefilmmaking.G.Soundshavetheabilitytoshapeourunderstandingofagivenspecies.【答案】36.A37.D38.F39.B40.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章圍繞野生動(dòng)物紀(jì)錄片中聲音制作的真相展開，解釋了為何紀(jì)錄片中許多聲音是后期由擬音師添加的，介紹擬音師的工作方式，還闡述了聲音呈現(xiàn)對(duì)物種保護(hù)的影響，旨在向讀者普及相關(guān)科學(xué)知識(shí)?！?6題詳析】由上文“Youmightbethinkingthattheseshowsofferatotallyrealportrayal(描繪)oftheseanimals—anobjectivewindowintotheirlivesastheyhunt,restandraisetheiryoung.(你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這些節(jié)目提供了這些動(dòng)物完全真實(shí)的描繪——一個(gè)客觀的窗口，讓人們了解它們?cè)诓东C、休息和養(yǎng)育幼崽時(shí)的生活。)”可知，上文提到人們認(rèn)為這些節(jié)目很真實(shí)，空格處需要一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折來引出下文實(shí)際情況并非如此的內(nèi)容，而A項(xiàng)Butthisisn’tquitethecase.(但事實(shí)并非如此。)符合此處語境，形成轉(zhuǎn)折，有承上啟下作用。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】由下文“Usually,documentaryfilmmakerscanfilmtheirsubjectsfromagreatdistance,buttheygenerallycan’tgetcloseenought