09閱讀理解中考題型真題練-輕松跑贏2024年英語中考

09閱讀理解中考題型真題練要點歸納知識點名師點晴細(xì)節(jié)理解常用skimming和scanning(查讀)，帶著問題讀文章，遇上相關(guān)信息畫上記號，分析比較得出答案，即通過提高閱讀的針對性來提高答題速度和準(zhǔn)確性。推理判斷主要考查利用文章所給的信息進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力，縱觀全文，在匯集全文提供的各項信息基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行語言正確的邏輯推理，判斷作者的動機(jī)，推斷人物的動機(jī)，推斷文章的體裁和來源。這類題不能直接從原文中找到答案，必須仔細(xì)體會文章的因果關(guān)系和事情發(fā)展的始末，根據(jù)作者的思路,進(jìn)行合理推斷，千萬不能根據(jù)自己的意愿胡亂推理，也不能只憑常事推理。詞義猜測旨在考查利用上下文對詞、詞組及句子的辨別能力，常用技巧如下:(1)通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義。(2)通過同義詞/反義詞和同義關(guān)系/反義關(guān)系猜測詞義。(3)通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義,若是掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等構(gòu)詞法知識，這些問題便不難解決了(4)通過定義或釋義關(guān)系猜測詞義。(5)根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義。(6)根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義。主旨大義通常要求理解全文,能夠歸納短文的大意，概括中心思想或選擇文章標(biāo)題。一類是主題句位于段首的演繹型段落，在英語議論文或說明文中有60%~90%的主題句是段落的第一句。第二類是主題句位于段末的歸納型段落。還有一類在文章段落中。因此要注意區(qū)分文章的主要信息與次要信息進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納，有時還需要結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、背景知識、生活常識進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷。中考題型真題練一、閱讀理解（2023·浙江湖州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）ScientistsbelievetheEarthis4.6billionyearsold.However,themountains,valleys(山谷),hills,rivers,desertsandforestsweseetodayaremuchyoungerthanthat.Forexample,MountQomolangmaisabout60millionyearsoldandtheAmazonrainforestisonly10millionyearsold.TheyoungestseaintheworldistheBalticSea,atabout15000yearsold.TheEarthisalwayschangingbecauseofvolcanoes(火山),earthquakesandofcourse,windandrain.Someofthesechangesareveryslowandothersarequick.Waterandicecanmakeverygreatchangestotheplanet.Forexample,glaciersriversoficecancutthroughmountainsandmakelakesanddeepvalleys.Manyvolcanoesareundertheoceansandsometimestheybeenewislands.ThisishappeningintheSouthPacific,nearTonga.It’snormalforourplanettochange,butatthemoment,scientiststhinkit’schangingfasterthanusual.Somedesertsaregrowingandmanyforestsaregettingsmaller.Theweatherisgettingwetterinsomeplacesanddrierinothers,andtherearemorebigstorms.Accordingtotheresearch,thesealevelwillcontinuetoriseinthenexthundredyears.Asaresult,manycitieswillpossiblybecoveredbywaterandmuchofthemostproductivefarmingareaswillbelost.Someislandcountriesarelikelytodisappearonthemapoftheworld.Thesechangeswillbringgreatharmtotheplanet.However,theycanbebeneficialtosomepeople.Forexample,astheArcticisgettingwarmer,somepeopleinGreenlandnowownbusinessesandsellvegetablestheygrowontheirland.Thatwasn’tpossibleinthefarnorth50yearsago.FarmersinGreenlandlikethewarmweatherandhopeitwillcontinue.1．HowdoesthewriterdescribethechangesoftheEarthinParagraph2?A．Byusingsayings. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bytellingstories. D．Bylistingnumbers.2．FromParagraph3,wecanmainlylearnabout________.A．theageoftheEarth B．problemsfortheplanetC．thelifeofthefarmers D．influencesonthemountains3．Theunderlinedword“beneficial”inParagraph4istheclosestinmeaningto“________”.A．harmful B．normal C．helpful D．unfortable【答案】1．B2．B3．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了地球因為各種原因總是在變化，詳細(xì)地介紹了這些變化的好處和壞處。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Forexample,glaciersriversoficecancutthroughmountainsandmakelakesanddeepvalleys…”可知，通過舉例子的方式來描述地球的變化，故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theweatherisgettingwetterinsomeplacesanddrierinothers,andtherearemorebigstorms…Asaresult,manycitieswillpossiblybecoveredbywaterandmuchofthemostproductivefarmingareaswillbelost.Someislandcountriesarelikelytodisappearonthemapoftheworld”可知，第三段主要介紹了這些變化所帶來的問題，故選B。3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Thesechangeswillbringgreatharmtotheplanet.”以及“However,theycanbebeneficialtosomepeople.”可知，這些變化會帶來危害，However表示轉(zhuǎn)折，劃線句子應(yīng)說也可以帶來好處，也就是給一些朋友帶來幫助，故選C。（2023·湖南湘西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Name:TheWanderingEarthII(《流浪地球2》)Kind:Sciencefiction;ActionRelease(上映)Time:January22Period:2h53minBoxoffice(票房)inChina:3.93billionyuan($566million)BoxofficeinNorthAmerica:$4millionDirector:GuoFanActors:AndyLau,WillisChuang,WuJing...Theme:Thesunisgoingtodie.Whenfacingsuchanaccident,humansdidn’trunawayfromtheearth,buttheychosetowanderwithit.Theybuilthugemachinestopushtheearthtoleavethesolarsystem(太陽系)andfindanewone.Themovieisalsoabouttheinsideworldofthecharacters,showingtheirimportancetofamily,whichisdeeplyrooted(扎根)inChineseculture.4．Whenwasthemovieon?A．Jun.20. B．Jan.12. C．Jan.22.5．Whatkindofmovieisit?A．Scary. B．Cartoon. C．Action.6．Whatistheboxofficeofthemovieintotal?A．$570million. B．$4million. C．$566million.7．Whoisthedirectorofthemovie?A．GuoFan. B．AndyLau. C．WuJing.8．________whenfacingtheaccidentinthemovie.A．PeopleranawayfromtheearthB．PeoplewanderedwiththeearthC．Peoplefoundanewplanet【答案】4．C5．C6．A7．A8．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了電影《流浪地球2》的相關(guān)信息。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Release(上映)Time:January22”可知電影在1月22號上映。故選C。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Kind:Sciencefiction;Action”可知這是一部動作電影。故選C。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Boxoffice(票房)inChina:3.93billionyuan($566million)”以及“BoxofficeinNorthAmerica:$4million”可知中國的票房是5.66億美元，北美票房是400萬美元，共5.7億美元。故選A。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Director:GuoFan”可知導(dǎo)演是郭帆。故選A。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whenfacingsuchanaccident,humansdidn’trunawayfromtheearth,buttheychosetowanderwithit”可知面對這樣的意外，人類并沒有逃離地球，而是選擇了與地球同行。故選B。（2023·寧夏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Imagineatinyrobotcrawling（爬）throughyourbody,helpingdoctorswiththeirwork.It’snotfromasciencenovel.Doctorsarenowusingrobotstodooperations（手術(shù)）.Thisisbecauserobotscandosomeworkthatdoctorscan’t.Therobotscarrysmallcameras,whichallowdoctorstolookinsidepatients’bodies.Therobotsalsohavetinyscissorsandothertools.“It’slikehavinglittlehandsinsidethepatients,”saidDr.WangfromahospitalinBeijing.Here’showtheywork:Thedoctormakesasmallcutinapatient.Then,thedoctorputstherobotthroughthecut.Next,thedoctorcontrolstherobottoreachwhereitneedstogo.Finally,withthehelpoftherobot,thedoctorlooksinsidethepatient’sbodyandbeginstowork.Therobotshavemanyadvantagesfordoctorsandpatients.Theyhelpcutmedicalcostsandmakedifficultoperationsquickerandeasier.Theyallowdoctorstooperatewithlessdamage（傷害）topatients’bodies,too.Thishelpsthemtoheal（治愈）faster.However,therobotsaren’tperfect.Theycanbeexpensive.What’smore,theyarejusttoolstohelphumans,andtheymustbeusedbyskilleddoctors.Eventhebestrobotscan’tdoeverythingthathumanscando.Scientistsareworkingtomakerobots,smarter.Someday,robotsmaydoevenmorethanexpectedforhumans.9．Therobotscarry________tohelpdoctorslookinsidepatients’bodies.A．smallcameras B．littlehands C．montools D．tinyscissors10．Inwhatorderdoesthedoctordooperationswiththehelpoftherobot?a.Lookinsidethepatient’sbodyandbegintowork.b.Controltherobottoreachwhereitneedstogo.c.Puttherobotintothepatient’sbodythroughthecut.d.Makeasmallcut.A．d→b→c→a B．d→c→a→b C．d→a→c→b D．d→c→b→a11．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thesizeoftherobots.B．Thefutureoftherobots.C．Thecostsoftherobots.D．Theadvantagesoftherobots.12．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．DoctorsCutMedicalCostsB．ScientistsMakeRobotsSmarterC．RobotsHelpDoctorswithOperationsD．PatientsDoMorethanExpected【答案】9．A10．D11．D12．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在可以幫助醫(yī)生做手術(shù)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thisisbecauserobotscandosomeworkthatdoctorscan’t.Therobotscarrysmallcameras,whichallowdoctorstolookinsidepatients’bodies.”可知這些機(jī)器人攜帶小型攝像頭，幫助醫(yī)生查看病人的身體內(nèi)部。故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Here’showtheywork:Thedoctormakesasmallcutinapatient.Then,thedoctorputstherobotthroughthecut.Next,thedoctorcontrolstherobottoreachwhereitneedstogo.Finally,withthehelpoftherobot,thedoctorlooksinsidethepatient’sbodyandbeginstowork.”（它們的工作原理是這樣的：醫(yī)生在病人身上切一個小口。然后，醫(yī)生讓機(jī)器人穿過切口。接下來，醫(yī)生控制機(jī)器人到達(dá)它需要去的地方。最后，在機(jī)器人的幫助下，醫(yī)生觀察病人的身體內(nèi)部并開始工作。）可知正確的順序是：做一個小切口——通過切口將機(jī)器人放入病人體內(nèi)——控制機(jī)器人到達(dá)需要去的地方——觀察病人身體內(nèi)部并開始工作。故選D。11．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Therobotshavemanyadvantagesfordoctorsandpatients.”可知第三段介紹機(jī)器人的優(yōu)勢，故選D。12．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在可以幫助醫(yī)生做手術(shù)。故選C。（2023·遼寧鞍山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Chinahasmadeasystemoflawstoprotecttheenvironment.IthashelpedbuildbeautifulChina,accordingtoaworkreport.ThesystemincludestheEnvironmentalProtectionLawandalotoflawsinsomeotherareas,suchastheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw,theYellowRiverProtectionLaw,theBlackSoil(土壤)ProtectionLaw,thelawontheQinghaiTibetPlateauandsoon.TheseenvironmentalprotectionlawsassistwithbeautifulChina.Chinaprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeoplelive.Ithasmadegreateffortstopreventandcontrolpollution.Overthepastfiveyears,theairquality(質(zhì)量)hasstayedatthegoodlevelon86.5percentofthedaysincities.Thecountryhasalsomadeprogressinpreventingandcontrollingsoilpollutionandcontinuedtoprotectforests,rivers,lakesandsoon.What’smore,Chinahasmanagedtomakelawstoprotectwildanimalsandplants,providehomesformanyanimalsandteachthepublictohelpthem.Animalsarefriendsofhumans,andprotectinganimalsisalsotoprotectthehomeofhumans.Agoodenvironmentisimportanttohumans.Withoutthefreshairorcleanwater,wecan’tliveontheearth.TheChinesegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotectboth.theenvironmentandourselves.13．Thereareatleast________lawsinParagraph2.A．5 B．6 C．7 D．814．Theunderlinedword“assist”inParagraph2issimilarto________.A．part B．a(chǎn)gree C．help D．deal15．AccordingtoParagraph3,wehavedonesomethingtoprotecttheanimals,including________.①providinghomesformanyanimals②givinganimalsmorefood③teachingthepublictohelpanimals④makinglawstoprotectwildanimalsandplantsA．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④16．Overthepastfiveyears,theairqualityincitieshasgenerallystayedatthe________level.A．bad B．terrible C．poor D．good17．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．AsystemoflawshasbeenmadetoprotectsoilaroundChina.B．Thecountryhasmadeprogressinpreventingriverpollution.C．Chinaprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeoplelive.D．Chinahastakenactiontoprotecttheenvironmentandhumans.【答案】13．A14．C15．B16．D17．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了中國已采取了很多行動保護(hù)環(huán)境和人類。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThesystemincludestheEnvironmentalProtectionLawandalotoflawsinsomeotherareas,suchastheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw,theYellowRiverProtectionLaw,theBlackSoil(土壤)ProtectionLaw,thelawontheQinghaiTibetPlateauandsoon”可知該體系包括《環(huán)境保護(hù)法》和其他一些領(lǐng)域的許多法律，如《長江保護(hù)法》、《黃河保護(hù)法》、《黑土保護(hù)法》、《青藏高原法》等。故選A。14．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“TheseenvironmentalprotectionlawsassistwithbeautifulChina.”可知這些環(huán)境保護(hù)法有助于建設(shè)美麗的中國，故此處劃線部分和help意義相近。故選C。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Chinahasmanagedtomakelawstoprotectwildanimalsandplants,providehomesformanyanimalsandteachthepublictohelpthem”可知中國還制定了保護(hù)野生動植物的法律，為許多動物提供了家園，并教導(dǎo)公眾幫助它們。故選B。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Overthepastfiveyears,theairquality(質(zhì)量)hasstayedatthegoodlevel”可知在過去的五年里，空氣質(zhì)量一直保持在良好水平。故選D。17．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“TheChinesegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotectboth.theenvironmentandourselves.”以及本文內(nèi)容可知本文主要介紹了中國已采取了很多行動保護(hù)環(huán)境和人類。故選D。（2023·湖南婁底·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有一項為多余選項。IntheChineseZodiac（生肖）culturethereisatwelveyearcycle.Eachyearisrepresented（代表）byananimal.2023istheYearoftheRabbit!Rabbitsaregentleandsmart.18InChinesetraditionthereisaMoonGoddessnamedChang’e.Shelivesonthemoonwithherrabbit.19Besides,rabbitscanhavemanybabiesinthenature.Inthepast,peoplethoughtthemorechildrentheyhad,thebettertheirlifewouldbe.20Therearesometraditionsabouthowtogaintherabbit’sgoodluckforpeople.Forexample,intheUK,peopleusuallysaytheword“rabbit”threetimesonthefirstmorningofeverymonth.They’relookingforwardtobringingthemselvesgoodluckforthiswholemonth.21Manyactorsandactressesbringarabbit’sfootwiththemandkissthefootbeforetheperformance.InsomepartsofNorthernEurope,itismontogiveachildawhiterabbitasagift.22Rabbitsindifferentcountriesareoftenconsideredasasymbolofgoodluckandwealth.Nomatterwhereyouare,wishyoualuckyandwealthylifeintheYearoftheRabbit!A．RabbitsarealsoseentobeluckyinWesternculture.B．Theyareverypopularwithpeoplefromallovertheworld.C．InNorthAmerica,arabbit’sfootisonesymbolofgoodluck.D．It’scalledtheMoonRabbitandhelpsChang’etomakemedicine.E．It’ssaidthatthegiftofthewhiterabbitwillbringthechildarichlife.F．TherabbisdevelopthefriendshipbetweenChinaandwesterncountries.【答案】18．B19．D20．A21．C22．E【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了和兔子有關(guān)的文化。18．根據(jù)“Rabbitsaregentleandsmart”以及下文內(nèi)容可知兔子溫柔聰明，所以很受歡迎，選項B“它們深受來自世界各地的人們的歡迎”符合語境。故選B。19．根據(jù)“InChinesetraditionthereisaMoonGoddessnamedChang’e.Shelivesonthemoonwithherrabbit”可知此處介紹嫦娥和兔子的故事，選項D“它被稱為月兔，幫助嫦娥制造藥物”符合語境。故選D。20．根據(jù)“Therearesometraditionsabouthowtogaintherabbit’sgoodluckforpeople”可知兔子和好運有關(guān)，選項A“在西方文化中，兔子也被認(rèn)為是幸運的”符合語境。故選A。21．根據(jù)“Manyactorsandactressesbringarabbit’sfootwiththemandkissthefootbeforetheperformance”可知許多演員在表演前都會帶上兔子的腳親吻兔子的腳，選項C“在北美，兔子的腳是好運的象征之一”符合語境。故選C。22．根據(jù)“InsomepartsofNorthernEurope,itismontogiveachildawhiterabbitasagift”可知在北歐的一些地區(qū)，送給孩子一只白兔作為禮物是很常見的，選項E“據(jù)說兔子的禮物會給孩子帶來豐富的生活”符合語境。故選E。（2023·遼寧朝陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）ChineseresearchersreachedthetopofQomolangmaonMay4,2022.Theysetuptheworld’shighestautomatic(自動的)weatherstationatanaltitude(海拔)of8,830meters.Thishelpsthemtostudytheinfluencesofclimatechangeontheenvironment.Itisthehighestautomaticweatherstationintheworldnow.Ithastakentheplaceofthestationsittingatanaltitudeof8,430metersonthesouthsideofthemountain,whichisthesecondhighestnow.ThisallowsChinesescientiststodirectlycollectdata(數(shù)據(jù))forthefirsttimefromthetopoftheworld’shighestmountain.CollectingandstudyingdatafromQomolangmaisnoteasy.Butthedatawillgivevaluableinformationabouttheconditionoflocalglaciers(冰川)andmountainsnow.Itwillalsohelpscientistsstudyandunderstandtheglobalmonsoon(季風(fēng))system,soexpertscanmakeproperdecisionsaboutclimatechange.YaoTandong,afamousexpert,saidChinesescientistshadsetupeightweatherstationsfrom5,200to8,830metersabovesealevel.Halfofthestationsweresetupatanaltitudehigherthan7,000meters.“Alongwithstronggovernmentsupportandhardworkbyscientists,Chinahasbeeaglobalfrontrunnerinfieldssuchasclimatechange.”Yaosaid.23．Whatisthealtitudeofthehighestautomaticweatherstation?A．5,200meters. B．7,000meters.C．8,430meters. D．8,830meters.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”referto(指代)inParagraph3?A．ReachingthetopofQomolangma. B．Theinfluencesofclimatechange.C．ThedatafromQomolangma. D．Thehighestautomaticweatherstation.25．Howmanyweatherstationsweresetupatanaltitudehigherthan7,000meters?A．Two. B．Four. C．Six. D．Eight.26．Whichstatement(陳述)isNOTrightaccordingtothepassage?A．ChinesescientistscandirectlycollectdatafromthetopofQomolangmanow.B．ItishardtocollectandstudydatafromQomolangma.C．Thesecondhighestweatherstationisonthenorthsideofthemountain.D．Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinfieldssuchasclimatechange.27．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthepassage?A．Science. B．Sports. C．Travel. D．Health.【答案】23．D24．C25．B26．C27．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了在珠穆朗瑪峰頂部設(shè)立的世界最高的自動氣象站的情況。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theysetuptheworld’shighestautomatic(自動的)weatherstationatanaltitude(海拔)of8,830meters.”可知，他們在海拔8830米的地方建立了世界上最高的自動氣象站。故選D。24．代詞指代題。根據(jù)“Butthedatawillgivevaluableinformationabouttheconditionoflocalglaciers(冰川)andmountainsnow.Itwillalsohelpscientistsstudyandunderstandtheglobalmonsoon(季風(fēng))system,soexpertscanmakeproperdecisionsaboutclimatechange.”可知，這些數(shù)據(jù)將提供有關(guān)當(dāng)?shù)乇ê透呱椒e雪狀況的寶貴信息。它還將幫助科學(xué)家研究和了解全球季風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，這樣專家們就可以對氣候變化做出正確的決定。此處It指的是“這些數(shù)據(jù)”，故選C。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“YaoTandong,afamousexpert,saidChinesescientistshadsetupeightweatherstationsfrom5,200to8,830metersabovesealevel.Halfofthestationsweresetupatanaltitudehigherthan7,000meters.”可知，中國科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在海拔5200米到8830米的地方建立了8個氣象站，一半的觀測站建立在海拔7000米以上的地方，所以是有4個氣象站超過7000米。故選B。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Itisthehighestautomaticweatherstationintheworldnow.Ithastakentheplaceofthestationsittingatanaltitudeof8,430metersonthesouthsideofthemountain,whichisthesecondhighestnow.”可知，它是目前世界上海拔最高的自動氣象站，它取代了位于珠峰南側(cè)海拔8430米的氣象站，這是目前海拔第二高的氣象站。選項C“第二高的氣象站在山的北側(cè)”表述錯誤，故選C。27．推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了在珠穆朗瑪峰頂部設(shè)立的世界最高的自動氣象站的情況，推測可能在科學(xué)版塊看到這篇文章，故選A。（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Let’sBuildaGreenerWorld!Chinahopestoseetheturningpointofcarbonemissions(碳排放)by2030andrealizecarbonneutrality(碳中和)by2060.Everyoneshouldtrytheirbesttoachievethisgoal(目標(biāo)).China’sgoalby2060Carbonemissionsofoneyearreachthehighestpointin2030andthenbegintodrop.Howcanwereducecarbonemissions?BySunshinemunity28．Whichyearmarkstheturningpointofcarbonemissions?A．2021. B．2023. C．2030. D．2060.29．Accordingtothepicturesabove,whatcanwedotoreducecarbonemissions?①Ridemore.

②Don’twastewater.③Saveenergy.

④Savefood.A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④30．Thetextisprobablya_______.A．poster B．novel C．diary D．poem【答案】28．C29．A30．A【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了中國到2060年的碳排放目標(biāo)以及如何減少碳排放。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Chinahopestoseetheturningpointofcarbonemissions(碳排放)by2030”可知2030年是一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。故選C。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Howcanwereducecarbonemissions”中的建議可知，我們可以多騎車、不要浪費水以及節(jié)約能源。故選A。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的格式可知，本文可能是一個海報，號召我們建立一個綠色世界。故選A。（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Doyouknowthatover1/3ofallfoodproducedintheworldgoestowaste?AccordingtotheUnitedNations(UN),everyyeararoundtheworld,aboutonebillion(十億)tonsoffoodiswasted.Atthesametime,therearenearlyonebillionpeoplewhogohungry.Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedisenoughtokeepthemoutofhunger.Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),whichspeedsupclimate(氣候)change.Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?Oneeffectivesolutionisbalancingfoodproductionwithdemand(需求).Inhotelsandothersimilarplaces,specialinstrumentsshouldbeusedsothatcookingspecialistsjustprepareandcookfoodasitisordered.Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce(減少)foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantrytheirbesttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstellingthemhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthebestquality(質(zhì)量).Sometimes,thefoodofnontopqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomakedeliciousdishes.Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparingfoodcanplayanimportantroleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyinprogress.Foodthatisnotsafeforhumanstoeatisrecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereisstillalongwaytogoandmuchforimprovementinthisarea.Inaword,foodwastehasbeenoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworldthathaveinfluencedusgreatly.Manysolutionshavebeenfoundandmanymoreareyettobeworkedout.Ifeachofuscanputinmoreefforts,foodwasteissuretobereducedforthegoodofourfuture.31．Accordingtothepassage,whatisapossibleresultoffoodwaste?A．Theproblemofworldwidehunger. B．Abigincreaseinfoodproduction.C．Thespeedupofclimatechange. D．Asuddendropinpopulation.32．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful. B．Buyersshouldgiveupnontopqualityfood.C．Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes. D．Mealplansinthefamilyarehardtoputintopractice.33．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Benefitsofreducingfoodwaste. B．Solutionstothefoodwasteproblem.C．Theimportanceoffightingfoodwaste. D．Theattitudetothefoodwasteproblem.【答案】31．C32．D33．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了食物浪費的現(xiàn)狀以及四個解決食物浪費問題的方法，并得出結(jié)論：如果我們每個人都做出努力，食物浪費問題一定會有所改善。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),whichspeedsupclimatechange.”可知食物浪費可能造成的一個結(jié)果是氣候變化的加速。故選C。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.”可知家庭的膳食計劃很難付諸實施。故選D。33．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?”以及通讀全文可知主要介紹了四種解決食物浪費問題的方法。故選B。（2023·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Diagram(圖表)orSurveyResult①AI(artificialintelligence人工智能)andmachinelearningrefertotheabilityofmachinestolearnandactintelligently.Itmeanstheycanmakedecisions,finishtasks,andeventellthepossiblefutureresultsbasedonwhattheylearnfromdata(數(shù)據(jù)).②AIandmachinelearningalreadyplayabiggerroleineverydaylifethanyoumightimagine.Healthcare,banking,videogames,everysearchontheInternetyoumake...,allaredrivenbyAI.③AIisgoingtochangealmosteveryfieldofmodernlife.StephenHawkingsaid,“SuccessincreatingAIwouldbethebiggesteventinhumanhistory.”AndHawkingaddedatonce,“Unluckily,itmightalsobethelast,unlesswelearnhowtoavoidtherisks.”④▲,especiallywhenyouconsidersomecountriesareracingtodevelopAIenabledautonomousweapons(人工智能自主武器).Itisalsogoingtochangeandtaketheplaceofmanyhumanjobs.Thesameworriesalsoefromthepublic.AccordingtothesurveyresultfromCentrefortheGovernanceofAI,91%ofthepeople(tendtoandtotally)agreethat“AIisatechnologythatrequirescarefulmanagement”inEurope.⑤Butratherthanagreeingwithanideaofahelplessfuturewhereallhumanjobsaregivenovertorobots,somepeoplebelieveAIwillmakeonworkinglivesbetter.Itwillimprovetheworkofhumans,andnewjobswillappeartotaketheplaceoftheoldones.⑥What’smore,machinesbeemoreintelligentandtheyareabletofinishmorehumantasks.Thingswhichonlybelongtohumansliecreativityandcritical(批判性的)thinking,willbeeevenmorevaluableinthefuture.⑦Likeitornot,AIishere.Maybechangingourselvesandmanagingitwellarethebestwayout.JustasBenjaminFranklinoncesaid,“Whenyou’refinishedchanging,you’refinished.”34．Whichparagraphdoesthediagrammainlysupport?A．② B．③ C．④ D．⑤35．Whichsentencecanbeputinthe▲?A．Asweknow,therearepossiblehugerisksforsocietyandhumanlifeB．Also,youcanfindAIservingourdailylifeineverypossiblefieldC．Withoutdoubt,AIisafantastictechnologytoleadusintothefutureD．HumansatesurelymorecreativeandbetteratmanythingsthanAI36．What’sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A．TowarnusthatAIwilltakehumans’place.B．ToshowusthattherearealotofusesofAI.C．TotellusthatmanypeopleareworriedaboutAI.D．TosuggestweprepareforthechangesbroughtbyAI.37．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthispassage?A．B．C．D．【答案】34．C35．A36．D37．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了人工智能在生活中的用處以及人們的擔(dān)心，建議為人工智能帶來的變化做好準(zhǔn)備。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“AccordingtothesurveyresultfromCentrefortheGovernanceofAI,91%ofthepeople(tendtoandtotally)agreethat‘AIisatechnologythatrequirescarefulmanagement’inEurope.”可知根據(jù)人工智能治理中心的調(diào)查結(jié)果，91%的人（傾向于并且完全）同意歐洲“人工智能是一種需要謹(jǐn)慎管理的技術(shù)”，故圖表支持第四段的內(nèi)容。故選C。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“especiallywhenyouconsidersomecountriesareracingtodevelopAIenabledautonomousweapons”以及“Thesameworriesalsoefromthepublic”可知當(dāng)你考慮到一些國家正在競相開發(fā)人工智能自主武器時，人類可能會面臨危險，選項A“正如我們所知，社會和人類生活可能面臨巨大風(fēng)險”放于此處。故選A。36．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了人工智能在生活中的用處以及人們的擔(dān)心，建議為人工智能帶來的變化做好準(zhǔn)備。故選D。37．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，第一段引出了人工智能的話題；第二段介紹了人工智能在生活中的運用；第三段和第四段表明人工智能是一種需要謹(jǐn)慎管理的技術(shù)；第五段和第六段介紹了一些人支持人工智能的原因；第七段進(jìn)行總結(jié)。故選項D符合文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。（2023·福建·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Scientistshavedevelopedawaytoreadminds,translatingunspokenthoughtsintowrittenwords.It’sthefirsttimeit’sbeendonewithouthavingtoputanythingintothebrain.Theyusedartificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能).Itisthenamegiventoaputersystemthatisableto“think”foritselfandcarryouttasksthatusuallyrequirehumanintelligence.Scientistsusedaspecialscanner(掃描器).Themachinecanseewherebloodruns,whichshowsthepartsofthebrainthataremostactive.Peopletakingpartintheexperiment(實驗)listenedtotheradiofor16hoursastheirbrainswerescanned.TheAItoollearnedtoconnectcertainbrainactivitywithwordstheyheard.Afterthat,eachpersonwasaskedtothinkofastory,andtheAItoolmanagedtopickupthesethoughtsastheyhappened.Theresultshadabouta50%accuracyrate(準(zhǔn)確率),althoughtheAIfoundithardtoworkoutthemeaningofpronouns,suchasheorshe,herorhim.Forexample,itturned“Idon’thavemydriver’slicenseyet”into“Shehasnotevenstartedtolearntodriveyet.”Itcouldusuallyunderstandthemeaningofwhatsomeonewasthinkingratherthantheexactwords.TheAIwaspersonalized,sowhenithadlearntfromonepersonbutitwastestedonanother,itcouldn’tunderstandtheirthoughts.Thescientists,whohavebeenworkingonthetechnologyfor15years,saytheyunderstandtherisksofitbeingusedbadly.ScientistJerryTangtoldanewspaper,“Wewanttomakesurepeopleonlyusethesetypesoftechnologieswhentheywantto,andthatithelpsthem.”Thescientistshopeitwillhelppeoplewithcertainmedicalconditions,whoarestillawakebuthavelosttheabilitytospeak,tomunicateonceagain.38．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph1referto(指代)?A．Away. B．Anything. C．Thebrain. D．AI.39．Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph2?A．Todescribetheprocessoftheexperiment. B．Toexplaintheresultsoftheexperiment.C．Tooffersomeopinionsabouttheexperiment. D．Tolistthedifficultieswiththeexperiment.40．Whatdoestheexampleinparagraph3show?A．TheAIismuchclevererthanpeople.B．TheAIdidn’tstarttheworkasitwasordered.C．TheAIcouldn’tunderstandtheexactwordsofwhatpeoplethought.D．TheAIwillbewelldevelopedaccordingtopeople’sspecialneeds.41．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．ItisnotdifficulttotakeAIundercontrol.B．AIwillnotbeusedinaproperwayinthefuture.C．AIissowisethatitcantreatpeoplewithmedicalproblems.D．It’sexpectedthatAIwillhelpthosespeechlessexchangeideas.42．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HighRisksofUsingAI. B．MindReadingDevelopment.C．ImportanceofHumanBrain. D．WaysofImprovingTechnology.【答案】38．D39．A40．C41．D42．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹科學(xué)家開發(fā)出一種讀心的方法，將未說出口的想法轉(zhuǎn)化為書面文字。38．代詞指代題。分析“Theyusedartificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能).Itisthenamegiventoaputersystemthatisableto‘thin