Unit 5 話題閱讀專練

Unit5IntotheWild話題閱讀專練ATryMakingThemintoTreatsIt’sfinetoshopatfarmers’marketsandgrocerystoresforrecipeingredients（原料）.Butwhatifyoucouldgathersomeofthembyyourselves,andatthesametime,helpridyourregionofnon-nativeplantspeciesthatareharmingtheecosystems?AccordingtotheNationalWildlifeFederation,about42percentoftoday’sthreatenedorendangeredspeciesareatriskbecauseofinvasive（有侵略性的）species.Herearefourinvasiveplantsandideasforservingthemup.KUDZUBroughttotheUSfromJapan,thekudauvinecangrowafootaday,robbingotherplantsofsunlight.ItsbeautifulflowersbloomfromJulytoSeptember,butitsleaves,roots,andvinetipsaremorereadilyavailable.Pickflowerstouseinmakingdrinks.HIMALAYANBLACKBERRYNativetoArmenia,theplanthasthreatenedotherspecies.Itblocksaccessthroughwoodsandaffectslivestock.Itsfruitstartstoripeninmidsummerandtheberriescanbeaddedtohakegoodssuchasmuffins.SOWTHISTLEItsrootscrowdoutusefulcropsandsuckwaterandnitrogenfromthesoil.NativetoEuropeandwesternAsia,itgrowsalloverNorthAmericainspringandsummer.Trycokingtheleavesinoliveoilandaddingthemtoacake.WATERCRESSEuropeansettlersbroughtthisleafygreentotheColonies.Itspreadsalongwaterways,crowdingoutnativeplants.Harvestitfromtheedgeofarunningstreaminspringandfalltomakesandwiches.1．Whichspecieswillyouchooseifyouwanttomakedrinks?A．KUDZU.B．SOWTHISTLE.C．WATERCRESS.D．HIMALAYANBLACKBERRY.2．Whatdothelistedspecieshaveincommon?A．Theyareharvestedinautumn.B．Theyareallinvasivespecies.C．Theycangrowafootperday.D．Theyarepickedtomakesandwiches.3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tointroducetheharmsofthefourspecies.B．Toadvertisesomerecipeingredientsforreaders.C．ToprovethefindingsofNationalWildlifeFederation.D．Toprovideideastomaketheinvasivespeciesintotreats.B.Astudypublishedrecentlyshowsthattomatofruitsareabletotransmitalertstotheirmotherplantwhenattackedbycaterpillars.Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(樹(shù)液).Giventhefactthatfruitsjusthangfromthemainplantbeforeultimatelyfallingoffandsaptypicallyonlyrunsfromtheplanttothefruit—notbackandforthbetweenthetwo—ithaslongbeenunclearwhetherornotfruitscantransmitinformationtotheplant.Toaddressthatquestion,scientistsatBrazil’sFederalUniversityofPelotasplacedtomatoplantsinaFaradaycage.Electrodes(電極)wereattachedtotheendsoftheplants’branchesatthepointswheretheyconnectedtothefruits.Thentheymeasuredelectricalresponseswithinthebranchesbefore,duringandaftera24-hourperiodinwhichthefruitswereattackedbycaterpillars.Machine-learning-basedalgorithmswereusedtoidentifypatternsinthesignals.

Itwasfoundthattherewasa“cleardifference”betweenthesignalsbeforeandaftercaterpillarattacks.Additionally.defensivebiochemicalresponseswereobservedthroughouttheplants’bodies,suggestingthattheyhadbeentriggeredbysignalssentbythefruits.Theresearchersgavethefollowingexplanation.Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.Thesewarningsimpulseswerereceivedbythemainplantandasaresult,therestoftheplantgotpreparedtofightofftheunwantedinvaders.Thetomatofruitmadesurethattheplantproducedchemicalsthatwereunpleasanttotaste,sothathungrycaterpillarsstayedoffthefruit.Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthiscommunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.4．Whichofthefollowingmagazineisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems.B．ExtraordinaryArchitect.C．NationalGeographic.D．TheEconomist.5．Whatfunctiondoessapserveinparagraph2?A．Amediumthatcantransmitsignals.B．Afirewallthatcanpreventattacks.C．Ashelterwhereinformationstores.D．Apathwaywhichwaterrunsthrough.6．What’sthereactionofthetomatofruitaftersensinganearbycaterpillar?A．Itfoughtagainsttheinvaders.B．Itproducedanunpleasanttaste.C．Itreleasedastinkysmell.D．Itemittedelectricalsignals.7．Whatwillscientistsdointhefollowingresearch?A．Improvefruitoutput.B．Decreasepestspecies.C．Expandresearchfields.D．Investigateotherinsects.CAsskiesarefilledwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalwonderappearstobestrange:Thefatterthebird,thebetteritflies.Theresultsoftheirstudyledtoatheoryoppositetoacentraloneofaerodynamics(空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)),whichsaythatthepowerneededtoflyincreasedwithweight.Forbirds,obviously,thecostofflyingwithheavyfatismuchsmallerthanweusedtothink.Researchersfoundthatredknotwadingbirdsdoubletheirnormalbodyweightof100gramsbeforemakingtheirtwice-a-yearnonstopflightbetweentheBritishIslesandtheRussianArcticDistance:5,000kilometers.AnotherstudyinthemagazineNaturemeasuredtheadvantageofflyinginanaerodynamicgroupwhichallowsbirdstosaveenergybyflyingsmoothlyandquietlyintheleadbird’sairstream.Flyingingroups,theirheartrateswere14.5percentlowerthanflyingalone,accordingtoHenri,aFrenchscientist.Thefindingshelpexplainhowbirdscompletedifficultmigrations.Researchershadthoughtthatthinner,strongerbirdswouldhavethebestchancetosurvive.Thefirststudysuggeststhatbuildingupfattobeburntasfuelduringthemigrationisworthmorethantheenergyittakestocarrytheadditionalweight.Inthestudy,researcherssaidtheirteamstudiedthebirdsflownatdifferentbodyweightsduring28simulated(模擬的)flights.Theyforcedasmallamountofspecialwaterintothebirds’bodiessothattheycouldmeasuretheamountofenergyburntduringtheflight.8．Aredknotwadingbirdof100gramswillprobablyweighbeforemakingitsnonstopmigratingfight.A．100grams B．120grams C．200grams D．250grams9．Duringtheirmigratingflight,redknotwadingbirdscansaveenergybyflying.A．a(chǎn)lone B．separately C．inpairs D．ingroups10．A_______redknotwadingbirdhasabetterchancetosurviveduringitsmigratingflight.A．stronger B．weaker C．thinner D．fatter11．Thebesttitleforthispassagemayprobablybe.A．BirdsFattenUpForJourney B．BirdsThinDownForJourneyC．HowBirdsBuildUpFatForJourney D．HowBirdsBurnEnergyForJourneyD.AnewresearchinNaturerevealsthatawarmingworldisincreasinghuman-wildlifeconflicts.“Wefoundevidenceofconflictsbetweenpeopleandwildlifeexacerbatedbyclimatechangeonsixcontinents,infivedifferentoceans,inmarinesystems,infreshwatersystems-involvingmammals,birds,fishandsoon,”saidleadauthorBrianaAbrahms.Toidentifytrends,theteamstudiedpublished,peer—reviewedincidentsofhuman—wildlifeconflictsandidentifiedcasesthatwerelinkedspecificallytotheeffectsofclimatechange.Theseincludebothshort-termclimateevents-suchasadrought-aswellaslonger-termchanges.WarmingintheArctic,forexample,isleadingtolossofseaicewhichhasleftpolarbearsshortoffood.Theyincreasinglytravelonland,sometimesenteringhumansettlementsandattackingpeople,asarecentincidentinAlaskaillustrates.Mostcasesofhuman-wildlifeconflictslinkedtoclimateinvolveashiftinresources—notjustforwildlife,butalsoforpeople.Amajorityofcasesonlandalsoinvolvedachangeinprecipitation(降水),whichwillcontinuetobeaffectedbyclimatechange.Manyresultedinhumandeathsorinjuries,aswellaspropertydamage.“Identifyingandunderstandingthislinkbetweenhuman-wildlifeconflictsisnotonlyaconservationissue,”saidAbrahms.“Itisalsoasocialjusticeandhumansafetyissue.Thesetypesofconflictsarelikelytoriseasclimatechangeintensifies(加劇),particularlyasmassmigrationsofpeopleandwildlifeincreaseandresourcesshift.”But,itdoesn’thavetobeallbadnews.“Onemajormotivationinstudyingthelinkbetweenclimatechangeandhuman-wildlifeconflictsisfindingsolutions,”saidAbrahms.“Aswelearnaboutspecificincidents,wecanidentifypatternsandtends-andcomeupwithinterventions(干預(yù))totrytoaddresstheseconflicts.”Someinterventionsmaybeassimpleaspublic-awarenesscampaigns.Governmentscanalsoplanfortimeswhenextremeclimateeventswillbringpeopleandwildlifeintoclosercontact.“Onceyouknowtherootcausesofaconflict,youcandesigninterventionstohelpbothpeopleandwildlife,”saidAbrahms.“Wecanchange.”12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbated”inparagraph1mean?A．Anticipated. B．Perceived. C．Worsened. D．Faded.13．Whydoestheauthormentionthecaseofpolarbearsinparagraph2?A．Toshowclimatechangecandriveconflictsbyalteringanimalhabitats.B．Tocomparehumans’behaviorswithanimal’sinincreasingconflicts.C．Toinformhumansofprotectingwildlifeinresponsetoclimatechange.D．Toproveanimalshaveahardlifeinfaceofglobalwarmingnowadays.14．WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldAbrahmsagreewith?A．Human-wildlifeconflictswillbesettledsoon.B．Human-wildlifeconflictscanincreaseasresourcesshift.C．Therewillbenoconflictsifpeopleandwildlifestaywheretheyare.D．Thegoalinstudyinghuman-wildlifeconflictsisgainingsupport.15．WhatdoesAbrahmsthinkofinterventions?A．Theyaretoosimple. B．Theyareout-of-date.C．Theyarechangeable. D．Theyarebeneficial.參考答案：1．A2．B3．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四種入侵物種以及想把它們做成食物的想法。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KUDZU段落中“Pickflowerstouseinmakingdrinks.(摘些花用來(lái)做飲料。)”可知，如果你想做飲料，你會(huì)選擇KUDZU(野葛)。故選A項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Herearefourinvasiveplantsandideasforservingthemup.(以下是四種入侵植物以及把它們送上餐桌（做成食物）的想法。)”可知，列出物種的共同之處是它們都是入侵物種。故選B項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“TryMakingThemintoTreats(試著把它們做成食物)和第二段中“Herearefourinvasiveplantsandideasforservingthemup.(以下是四種入侵植物以及把它們送上餐桌（做成食物）的想法。)”可知，文章的目的是提供把入侵物種變成食物的想法。故選D項(xiàng)。4．A5．A6．D7．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)番茄果實(shí)在受到毛毛蟲(chóng)攻擊時(shí)能夠向其母株發(fā)出警報(bào)。4．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthiscommunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.(科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在計(jì)劃調(diào)查其他結(jié)果植物的行為是否與番茄相同，以及它們的果實(shí)是否對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)以外的威脅做出反應(yīng)。他們相信，了解植物如何與果實(shí)相互作用，以及果實(shí)之間的相互作用，可以深入了解如何利用這種交流來(lái)提高果實(shí)質(zhì)量，對(duì)害蟲(chóng)的抗性和收獲后的保質(zhì)期。)”以及上文可以推斷，這篇文章主要講食物方面的內(nèi)容，所以可能出現(xiàn)在A項(xiàng)FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems(可持續(xù)糧食系統(tǒng)的前沿)。故選A項(xiàng)。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(樹(shù)液).(植物有大量的化學(xué)和激素信號(hào)通路，通常通過(guò)樹(shù)液傳遞。)”可知，樹(shù)液作為介質(zhì)傳遞大量的化學(xué)和激素信號(hào)。故選A項(xiàng)。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.(番茄果實(shí)感應(yīng)到附近的昆蟲(chóng)，釋放出電信號(hào)到達(dá)植物的其他部分。)”可知，當(dāng)番茄果實(shí)感受到周圍由昆蟲(chóng)時(shí)，會(huì)釋放出電信號(hào)。故選D項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.(科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在計(jì)劃調(diào)查其他結(jié)果植物的行為是否與番茄相同，以及它們的果實(shí)是否對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)以外的威脅做出反應(yīng)。)”可知，科學(xué)家將擴(kuò)展研究領(lǐng)域，看是否將這研究結(jié)果應(yīng)用于其它植物。故選C項(xiàng)。8．C9．D10．D11．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了歐洲科學(xué)家的研究結(jié)果，鳥(niǎo)類越胖，飛行能力越好。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Researchersfoundthatredknotwadingbirdsdoubletheirnormalbodyweightof100gramsbeforemakingtheirtwice-a-yearnonstopflightbetweentheBritishIslesandtheRussianArctic(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，紅結(jié)涉禽在每年兩次在不列顛群島和俄羅斯北極之間不間斷飛行之前，體重是正常體重100克的兩倍)”可知，一只紅結(jié)涉禽的正常體重是100克，進(jìn)行不間斷的遷徙飛行之前，體重是正常體重的兩倍，即200克。故選C。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AnotherstudyinthemagazineNaturemeasuredtheadvantageofflyinginanaerodynamicgroupwhichallowsbirdstosaveenergybyflyingsmoothlyandquietlyintheleadbird’sairstream.(《自然》雜志上的另一項(xiàng)研究測(cè)量了在空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)組中飛行的優(yōu)勢(shì)，該組可以讓鳥(niǎo)類在領(lǐng)先鳥(niǎo)類的氣流中平穩(wěn)安靜地飛行，從而節(jié)省能量)”可知，紅結(jié)涉禽以一群鳥(niǎo)一起飛行的方式進(jìn)行飛行時(shí)，能夠節(jié)省能量。故選D。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Thefirststudysuggeststhatbuildingupfattobeburntasfuelduringthemigrationisworthmorethantheenergyittakestocarrytheadditionalweight.(第一項(xiàng)研究表明，在遷徙過(guò)程中積累脂肪作為燃料燃燒，其價(jià)值超過(guò)攜帶額外重量所需的能量)”可知，脂肪在遷徙過(guò)程中更有價(jià)值，即更胖的紅結(jié)涉禽在遷徙飛行中有更好的生存機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Asskiesarefilledwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalwonderappearstobestrange:Thefatterthebird,thebetteritflies.(歐洲科學(xué)家表示，由于天空中布滿了數(shù)百萬(wàn)只候鳥(niǎo)，這種季節(jié)性的奇跡似乎很奇怪：鳥(niǎo)越胖，飛得越好)”以及第六段“Thefirststudysuggeststhatbuildingupfattobeburntasfuelduringthemigrationisworthmorethantheenergyittakestocarrytheadditionalweight.(第一項(xiàng)研究表明，在遷徙過(guò)程中積累脂肪作為燃料燃燒，其價(jià)值超過(guò)攜帶額外重量所需的能量)”可知，本文主要介紹了歐洲科學(xué)家的研究結(jié)果，鳥(niǎo)類越胖，飛行能力越好，在遷徙飛行中的生存機(jī)會(huì)越好，所以“鳥(niǎo)類為旅途增胖”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。12．C13．A14．B15．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是最近的一項(xiàng)研究通過(guò)顯示世界變暖和世界范圍內(nèi)人類與野生動(dòng)物沖突的增加之間的聯(lián)系，證明了人類與環(huán)境的交織性。12．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前的“AnewresearchinNaturerevealsthatawarmingworldisincreasinghuman-wildlifeconflicts.(《自然》雜志的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，全球變暖正在加劇人類與野生動(dòng)物之間的沖突。)”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，氣候變化正在增加人與動(dòng)物之間的沖突，而劃線單詞所在的句子表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)