專題12閱讀理解（含七選五）拔高練習(xí)-高一英語寒假輔導(dǎo)講義VIP

專題12閱讀理解（含七選五）一Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAoveringthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerseandreallydoaninpersonreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.【文章大意】本文介紹了美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH計(jì)劃。參與這個(gè)計(jì)劃的高中生制作供美國國家航空航天局使用的產(chǎn)品，此計(jì)劃的目的是把航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來，把空間技術(shù)帶進(jìn)課堂，與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃實(shí)施結(jié)果會(huì)影響到學(xué)生的生活和大學(xué)的錄取。1.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappeardifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。題干：關(guān)于國際空間站的細(xì)菌，我們知道什么？根據(jù)“bacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation”，將答案定位在第一段的第二句：Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.（來自我們身體的微生物肆虐地在空間站的表面生長，宇航員每周花費(fèi)好幾個(gè)小時(shí)來清理他們。）選項(xiàng)A符合文意。2.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacherstudentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’municationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：HUNCH項(xiàng)目的目的是什么？根據(jù)第二段第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”（設(shè)計(jì)HUNCH這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是為了將高中教育同NASA工程師連接起來）。選項(xiàng)D符合文意。3.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.GuideprojectdesignsC.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。題干：NASA工程師會(huì)為參加該項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生做什么？根據(jù)“engineers”將答案定位在兩處：“Engineerseandreallydoaninpersonreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”和“…h(huán)isstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.”第一處工程師是主語；第二處學(xué)生是主語。題干問的是工程師做什么（即工程師是工作的施行者），所以答案應(yīng)該在第一處，“工程師會(huì)過來親自審查，而且有時(shí)候搞得很不愉快，這可是真正的商業(yè)產(chǎn)品檢驗(yàn)?zāi)亍?。A選項(xiàng)符合文意。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts.B.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.C.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom.D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform.【答案】B【解析】文章主旨題。題干：對本文最切題的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是？本文核心內(nèi)容是美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH計(jì)劃將航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來。只有B選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了航天相關(guān)詞匯（space）和教育相關(guān)詞匯（homework），故選B。二We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeunfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavepromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤滑劑)forsocialmunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互動(dòng))withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwellbeingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，人們在公共場合或沉迷于智能手機(jī)，或掙扎于不舒服的沉默，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是需要適當(dāng)?shù)慕徽勯e聊的，閑聊是人際關(guān)系社會(huì)交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好處。1.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Impatiencewithslowservice.C.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.D.Absenceofmunicationbetweenstrangers.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。題干：第一段描述了什么樣的現(xiàn)象？第一段第一句“We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeunfortablesilence.”不管是在電梯里，在銀行排隊(duì)的時(shí)候，還是在飛機(jī)上，我們以及我們身邊的人都深陷于手機(jī)的世界里，或者更糟糕的是，掙扎于不舒服的沉默。D選項(xiàng)（陌生人之間沒有溝通交流）最符合文意。2.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Focusingonatopic.C.Relatingtootherpeople.D.Makingbusinessdeals.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。題干：Carducci認(rèn)為，對于成功的閑聊，最重要的是什么？根據(jù)“successfulsmalltalk”將答案定位在第二段最后一句：Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem（成功閑聊的關(guān)鍵是，要學(xué)會(huì)如何同他人建立聯(lián)系，不僅僅是和他們交流）。C選項(xiàng)符合文意。3.Whatdoesthecoffeeshopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。題干：關(guān)于閑聊，在咖啡廳的一次調(diào)研說明了什么？根據(jù)“coffeeshopstudy”和“suggest”，將答案定位在第三段的第三句“Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.”調(diào)研結(jié)果顯示，那些在咖啡廳同服務(wù)員閑聊的人產(chǎn)生更積極向上的情緒，咖啡廳里的體驗(yàn)也更好。選項(xiàng)B符合文意。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BenefitsofSmallTalkB.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.ConversationCountsD.UnfortableSilence【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。題干：以下哪個(gè)標(biāo)題最符合本文？快速瀏覽全文，幾乎每段都提到了smalltalks，而且都是講smalltalks的好處。故選A。三DearAlfred，Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150at17,I’manythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADIID(注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙).Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbeeabsorbed.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousabouttheputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Moreover,IpletedtheseniorcourseofputerBasics,plusfiverelevantprecollegecourses.WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’t.So,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2012whenIdiscoveredtheonlineputercoursesofyourtrainingcenter.Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvancedMathematics.Currently,I’mlearningyourProbabilitycourse.Ihavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinselfwrittennotesfromyourvideo.Thishasgivenmeapurpose.Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.Luckily,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamahead.IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mypetitors.Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI’mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.Yours,Tanis【文章大意】本文是一篇感謝信，屬應(yīng)用文。作者雖然患有ADHD，不能正常讀大學(xué)；但通過參加Alfred的網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，作者獲得了知識(shí)、工作與自信，因此，寫信表達(dá)感激之情！1.whydidn’tTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?A.ShehadlearnedenoughaboutputerscienceB.ShehadmoredifficultykeepingfocusedC.ShepreferredtakingonlinecoursesD.Shewastooslowtolearn【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：為什么塔尼斯高中畢業(yè)后沒有上大學(xué)？由關(guān)鍵詞“college”可將信息定位至第四段的第二句：“mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’t”，意思是，作者的疾病注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙加重了，高中畢業(yè)之后想上大學(xué)，卻不能上。通過該疾病的名稱可知B項(xiàng)正確。2.Asfortheworkingenvironment,Tainsprefers____.A.workingbyherselfB.dealingwiththepublicC.petingagainstothersD.stayingwithADHDstudents【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：關(guān)于工作環(huán)境，Tains更喜歡___。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“workingenvironment”將信息定位至倒數(shù)第三段的第一句“Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.”（去年，我全心全意尋找工作，一份不需要同外界打交道，可以獨(dú)自開展，卻仍有個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)可以交流的工作。）由此可知作者不想處理復(fù)雜的人際關(guān)系，喜歡獨(dú)自工作。所以至于工作環(huán)境，塔尼斯更喜歡獨(dú)自工作。故選A項(xiàng)。3.Taniswrotethisletterinorderto_____.A.explainwhyshewasinterestedintheputerB.sharetheideasshehadforherprofessionC.showhowgratefulshewastothecenterD.describethecoursesshehadtakensofar【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。題干：Tanis寫這封信的目的是___。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart”（謝謝您，是您給了我希望，讓我可以追隨我的心），以及最后一段“Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.”（您拯救了我的生命）可知，C選項(xiàng)符合文意。四MusicOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:2412742.http://.cityopera.ChamberOrchestra:TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call7231182formoreinformation.http://.chamberorch.SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call3813300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallinsummeratRiverbend.http://./home.asp.CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):Performancesareonthemaincampus(校園)oftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.CCMorganizesavarietyofevents,includingperformancesbythewellknownLaSalleQuartet,CCM’sPhilharmonicOrchestra,andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.StudentswithI.D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.Afreescheduleofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat5564183.http://./events/calendar.RiverbendMusicTheater:6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone:2326220.http://.riverbendmusic.【文章大意】文章是一篇廣告類短文。共介紹了五個(gè)與音樂有關(guān)的活動(dòng)，包括舉辦的地點(diǎn)，舉辦時(shí)間，活動(dòng)內(nèi)容和聯(lián)系方式等。1.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoseeanopera?A.2412742.B.7231182.C.3813300.D.2326220.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：如果你想看歌劇，打哪個(gè)電話？關(guān)鍵詞“opera”將信息定位至第一段，可直接找到電話號(hào)碼2412742。故選A2.WhencanyougotoaconcertbyChamberOrchestra?A.February.B.May.C.August.D.November.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：什么時(shí)間可以看室內(nèi)樂隊(duì)音樂會(huì)（concertbyChamberOrchestra）。關(guān)鍵詞“ChamberOrchestra”將信息定位至第二段。從中找到時(shí)間詞“MarchthroughJune”（3月到6月）。故選B。3.WherecanstudentsgoforfreeperformanceswiththeirI.D.cards?A.MusicHall.B.MemorialHall.C.PatriciaCobbettTheater.D.RiverbendMusicTheater.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：學(xué)生拿著自己的ID卡可以去哪里看免費(fèi)演出？由關(guān)鍵詞“I.D.cards”將信息定位至第四個(gè)活動(dòng)。本段出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)“maincampus”和“PatriciaCobbettTheater”。故選C。4.HowisRiverbendMusicTheaterdifferentfromtheotherplaces?A.Ithasseatsintheopenair.B.Itgivesshowsallyearround.C.Itoffersmembershipdiscounts.D.Itpresentsfamousmusicalworks.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。題干：RiverbendMusicTheater同其他地點(diǎn)有什么不同？根據(jù)RiverbendMusicTheater定位到最后一個(gè)活動(dòng)，根據(jù)“Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover”可知，RiverbendMusicTheater是一個(gè)露天劇院。A項(xiàng)符合文意。五A15yearoldgirlwrotetomeandaskedaboutfiguringoutwhattodowithherlife.Shewrote:“AsahighschoolstudentI’moftenbeingremindedtofigureoutwhattodowithmylife,whatjobIwouldliketohaveandsoon.Ifeelhugeamountsofpressurewhenmyteachersandparentstellmetofigureoutsomethingnow.I’myoungandIdon’twanttomakeamistakeandruinmyfuture.IknowwhatIlikeandwhatmyinterestsarebutwhenIreadaboutajobrelatedtothoseinterests,IfeelasifIwouldn’tenjoyitandIdon’tknowwhy.”Whatanextremelyhardthingtofigureout:whattodowithyourfuture!Now,Ican’treallytellthisyoungwomanwhattodo,butIcansharewhatI’velearnedlookingbackonmylife,andwhatIwouldtellmykids.Here’swhatI’dsay.Youcan’tfigureoutthefuture.Evenyoungpeoplewhohaveaplan(beadoctor,lawyer,researchscientist,singer)don’treallyknowwhatwillhappen.Lifedoesn’tgoaccordingtoplan,andwhileafewpeoplemightdoexactlywhattheysetouttodo,youneverknowifyou’reoneofthose.Otherthingsealongtochangeyou,tochangeyouropportunities,tochangetheworld.Soifyoucan’tfigureoutthefuture,whatdoyoudo?Don’tfocusonthefuture.Focusonwhatyoucandorightnowthatwillbegoodnomatterwhatthefuturebrings.Learnskills.Goonadventures.Makefriends.Thesethingswillhelpinthefuture.Learntobegoodwithtrouble.OneofthemostimportantskillsyoucandevelopisbeingOKwithtrouble.Thebestthingsinlifeareoftenhard,andifyourunawayfromdifficultyandtrouble,you’llmissout.You’llliveasafelife.Learningishard.Buildingsomethinggreatishard.Writingabookishard.Amarriageishard.Allareamazing.Ifyougetgoodatthis,youcandoanything.Youcanstartabusiness,whichyoucouldn’tifyou’reafraidoftrouble,becausestartingabusinessishardandunfortable.Howdoyougetgoodatthis?Dothingsnowthatareunfortableandhard,onpurpose.Butstartwithsmallthings.Tryexercisingforalittlebit,evenifit’shard,butjuststartwithafewminutesofit,andincreaseaminuteeveryfewdaysorso.Whenyoufindyourselfavoidingdisfort,pushyourselfjustalittlebitmore.【文章大意】本文就“怎樣才能過好自己的生活”給年輕人提出了一些很好的建議。作者認(rèn)為不管未來會(huì)怎么樣,做好現(xiàn)在能做的是非常有益的。1.Thegirlwrotetothewriterforadviceabout______.A.howtostudyinschoolB.howtoliveherlifeC.whattodowithmistakesD.whattodowithpressure【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：這個(gè)女孩給作者寫信，尋求關(guān)于什么的建議？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“advice”，將信息定位至首段首句“A15yearoldgirlwrotetomeandaskedaboutfiguringoutwhattodowithherlife.”（一個(gè)15歲的女孩給我寫信，問該怎么生活）。由此可知選項(xiàng)B正確。2.Howdoesthegirllikeherfuturejob?A.Interesting.B.Sad.C.Uncertain.D.Hopeless.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。題干：這個(gè)女孩如何看待她將來的工作？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞組“futurejob”，將信息定位至“I’myoungandIdon’twanttomakeamistakeandruinmyfuture.IknowwhatIlikeandwhatmyinterestsarebutwhenIreadaboutajobrelatedtothoseinterests,IfeelasifIwouldn’tenjoyitandIdon’tknowwhy”（我還年輕，不想犯錯(cuò)誤，不想毀了我的未來。我知道我喜歡什么,也知道自己的興趣所在,但是每次看到那些和我的興趣相關(guān)的工作時(shí)總感覺我不能享受那樣的工作,我也不知道為什么。）由此可知，這個(gè)女孩對未來的工作感到迷茫,故C項(xiàng)正確。3.Accordingtothewriter,thegirl’questionis______.A.fullofdreamsB.pletelywrongC.shortofthoughtsD.difficulttoanswer【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：在作者看來，這個(gè)女孩的問題是___？引述完這個(gè)女孩兒的來信內(nèi)容后，緊接著作者就說“Whatanextremelyhardthingtofigureout:whattodowithyourfuture!Now,Ican’treallytellthisyoungwomanwhattodo,butIcansharewhatI’velearnedlookingbackonmylife,andwhatIwouldtellmykids.”（回答怎么生活是一件非常難的事情?，F(xiàn)在，我不能告訴年輕的姑娘該做什么，但我可以跟她分享一下，當(dāng)我回頭看我自己的人生時(shí)，我會(huì)跟我的孩子們說些什么）。由此可判斷出答案D項(xiàng)正確。4.Whatyoungpeopleshoulddonowisto______.A.figureoutthefutureB.makeaplanforthefutureC.dosomethingtochangethemD.dowellinwhattheyaredoing【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：現(xiàn)在年輕人應(yīng)該做的是___？文章有兩處自問自答的句子，第一處提到“whatdoyoudo”，顯然和本題題干相符。后面的句子就是答案，“Don’tfocusonthefuture.Focusonwhatyoucandorightnowthatwillbegoodnomatterwhatthefuturebrings”（別糾結(jié)于你的未來了,專注于你現(xiàn)在能做好的事情,不管未來會(huì)怎么樣）。故選D。5.Thepassageismainlywrittenfor______.A.youngparentsB.youngworkersC.youngpeopleD.youngteachers【答案】C【解析】讀者對象題。題干：本文主要是寫給誰的？通讀全文可知,本文主要是寫給年輕人的一些建議:怎樣才能過好自己的生活。故答案C項(xiàng)正確。六Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious,asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(無手機(jī)恐懼癥)affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek，researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfoundthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore，shareandaccesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones，wordssuchas“hurt”(neckpainwasoftenreported)and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia.“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhenseparatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile，anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety？ProfessorMarkGriffiths，psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity，saysitiswhatisonthephonethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout)．“WearetalkingaboutanInternet-connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives，”saysGriffiths.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.”Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”，itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheycan’tseewhat’shappeningonSnapchatorInstagram，theybeepanic-strickenaboutnotknowingwhat’sgoingonsocially.“Buttheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandthere’snoInternet，”saysGriffiths.【文章大意】本文為說明文。當(dāng)今社會(huì)的許多人成了手機(jī)控，只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會(huì)出現(xiàn)無手機(jī)恐懼癥，會(huì)感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系。這是因?yàn)槿藗儼阎悄苁謾C(jī)當(dāng)作存儲(chǔ)、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。1.WhichofthefollowingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith?A．Wewastetoomuchtimeonphones.B．Phoneshavebeepartofsomeusers.C．Addictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer.D．Phonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。題干：下面哪一條會(huì)是KimKiJoon博士的建議？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞語“DrKimKiJoon”，將信息定位至第二段第一句話“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhenseparatedfromtheirphones.”（KimKiJoon博士說，調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，手機(jī)用戶將手機(jī)視為本我的延伸，并依賴于它們。同手機(jī)分開后，人們會(huì)感覺焦慮和不快）。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)符合文意。2.AccordingtoGriffiths,wegetnomophobiabecause.A．weareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonusB．weneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformationC．weworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoingD．wefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。題干：根據(jù)Griffiths的說法，我們得無手機(jī)恐懼癥的原因是什么？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞語“Griffiths”，將信息定位至第三、四、五段。因?yàn)槎ㄎ环秶容^大，要重點(diǎn)看各段的首句和尾句，發(fā)現(xiàn)第三段的尾句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句“...itiswhatisonthephonethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout)”（是手機(jī)里面的東西起著關(guān)鍵的作用—是社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)引起的“害怕錯(cuò)過”這樣的情緒）。選項(xiàng)C符合該句意。3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage?A．Inaresearchreport.B．Inafashionbrochure.C．Inasciencetextbook.D．Inapopularsciencemagazine.【答案】D【解析】文章出處題。題干：這篇文章應(yīng)該出自哪里？A研究報(bào)告；B時(shí)尚手冊；C科學(xué)課本；D科普雜志。本文主要講無手機(jī)恐懼癥，D選項(xiàng)切題。七WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeormunitygainedpetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理學(xué)家)whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearchersparedthemen’smentalhealthscoreswiththeirboyhoodactivityscores.Pointswereawardedforparttimejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandpetence—theunderpinnings(基礎(chǔ))ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardmongoals.Themostpetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”【文章大意】本文主要闡述了童年的工作經(jīng)歷可以幫助人們在成年之后擁有更美好和健康的生活。1.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.B.Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.C.Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily.D.Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：關(guān)于John，我們知道什么？本文第一段簡單介紹了一下John。主要內(nèi)容是他小的時(shí)候除草、扔垃圾、送報(bào)紙等，但成年后比其他發(fā)小過得更幸福。A項(xiàng)符合文意。2.Vaillant’swordsinParagraph2serveas_____.A.adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvaluesB.ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtopetenceC.anexampleforparents’expectationsoftheirchildrenD.anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen【答案】D【解析】判斷推理題。題干：Vaillant在第二段說的話起什么作用？重點(diǎn)看引出Vaillant講話前的內(nèi)容：“Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot”（研究表明，那些小時(shí)候勞動(dòng)過的人過得更幸福，工作能力也更強(qiáng)）。而Vaillant的講話內(nèi)容是：“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeormunitygainedpetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety.Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”（主要內(nèi)容是在家里或者社區(qū)有所貢獻(xiàn)的男孩子會(huì)自我感覺良好，其他人也會(huì)覺得他們好）。由此可見，Vaillant的講話是在對前面的調(diào)查結(jié)果做解釋。故選D3.Vaillant’steamobtainedtheirfindingsby_____.A.recordingtheboys’effortinschoolB.evaluatingthemen’smentalhealthC.paringdifferentsetsofscoresD.measuringthemen’sproblemsolvingability【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：Vaillant團(tuán)隊(duì)的調(diào)查結(jié)果是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的？文中第三段介紹了研究過程：分別記錄下參與者在25歲、31歲and47歲時(shí)的心理健康分?jǐn)?shù)和兒時(shí)活動(dòng)分?jǐn)?shù)，然后進(jìn)行相互比較。C選項(xiàng)符合文意。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sharp”probablymeaninParagraph4?A.Quicktoreact.B.Havingathinedge.C.Clearanddefinite.D.suddenandrapid.【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。題干：第四段劃線的單詞“sharp”是什么意思？該詞后連續(xù)出現(xiàn)“twice”、“twotimes”和“16times”這樣表示比較倍數(shù)的詞組。由此可見，對比結(jié)果很明顯。A反應(yīng)快；B薄邊緣；C清楚的，明顯的；D突然的，快速的。故選C。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.petentadultsknowmoreaboutlovethanwork.B.Emotionalhealthisessentialtoawonderfuladultlife.C.Lovebringsmorejoytopeoplethanworkdoes.D.Independenceisthekeytoone’ssuccess.【答案】B【解析】判斷推理題。題干：從最后一段能推斷出什么？由于最后一段比較長，適合用排除法。A項(xiàng)說有能力的成年人懂得的愛比工作多，文中最后提到愛和工作一樣重要，排除A；B項(xiàng)說心理健康對成年的生活很關(guān)鍵，文中說童年的活動(dòng)可以幫助孩子發(fā)展責(zé)任心、獨(dú)立能力，自信心和技能，而這些是心理健康的基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)前面提到的兒時(shí)的活動(dòng)對成年生活的影響，可以將心理健康和成年生活聯(lián)系起來，所以B項(xiàng)符合文意。八Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).Newbornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKIeindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughttheredbackedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyredbackedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.”Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”KIeindorferasks.”O(jiān)urresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”【文章大意】一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些雌鳥在幼鳥出殼前就教它們唱歌，雌鳥呼喚鳥蛋的次數(shù)越多，它們的幼鳥求食的呼叫聲跟雌鳥就越像；幼鳥的叫聲跟雌鳥越像，它們被喂食的食物就越多。1.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“”.A.betheworstB.bethebestC.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。題干：第一段劃線的詞組是什么意思？仔細(xì)看劃線詞組附近的內(nèi)容：“whenitestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoung