2025年人教版新高二暑假銜接講義第01講 Unit1 語法 非限制性定語從句（選擇性必修一）（學(xué)生版）

第01講非限制性定語從句1．了解非限制性定語從句的概念和用法。2．可以根據(jù)本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容來完成一些習(xí)題。定語從句（限制性和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別）1.定語從句有時跟先行詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切，只是作一些補充說明，不起限制作用，這種從句稱為非限制性定語從句。它常常用逗號與主句分開；翻譯時常譯成并列的分句。例如：ThisnotewasleftbyJohn,whowashereamomentago.這條子是約翰留下的，他剛才來過這兒。2.非限制性定語從句在修飾人時用who(主格),whom(賓格),whose(所有格),即：在定語從句中關(guān)系代詞指人做主語時，只能用who;作賓語時，只能用whom，不能有幾種選擇，也不能省略，只有一種答案。在修飾物時用which而不能用that。總之，非限制性定語從句里沒有that，也沒有why。區(qū)別項目限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式與主句之間不用逗號隔開，口語中不停頓。與主句之間常用逗號隔開，口語中有停頓。作用對先行詞的意義進行修飾、限制，若去掉，則句意不完整。對先行詞起補充說明作用，若省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。翻譯與含義翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，限制先行詞。翻譯時與主句隔開，對先行詞解釋說明。先行詞名詞或代詞。名詞、代詞、短語或句子。關(guān)系詞各類關(guān)系詞，有幾種選擇，有時可省。不用that和why，一般只有一種選擇，關(guān)系詞不可省。非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇關(guān)系代詞的選擇A．非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不能用that。指人時，如引導(dǎo)詞作主語用who，作賓語用whom；指物時要用which。即使引導(dǎo)詞作賓語也不能省略。①Mary，whoisfromAustralia，isanoldfriendofmine．瑪麗是我的老朋友，她來自澳大利亞。②Bob'sfather，whoworkedontheproject，spentfouryearsinEgypt．

鮑勃的父親從事這項工程，在埃及度過了四年。B．a(chǎn)s和which的選擇(1)as和which都可用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，來指代整個主句的內(nèi)容。非限制性定語從句位于句末且as或which在從句中作主語、賓語或表語時，兩者常可互換。Hefailedintheexam，which／aswasnatural．他考試沒及格，這很自然。(作主語)但要注意以下區(qū)別：如果非限制性定語從句位于主句之前或插在主句之中，只能用as。Aswehaveseen，oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth．我們已經(jīng)看到，海洋占地球面積的70%多。(2)as常用在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，如asweknow／asisknowntoall(眾所周知)，asweallcansee(正如我們大家都能看到的那樣)，asisoftenthecase(情況常常是這樣)，asmightbeimagined(可以想象得到)，asmightbeexpected(正如所預(yù)料的那樣)，ashasbeenpointedout(正如所指出的那樣)，ashasbeensaidbefore／above(正如前文所述)，as(is)oftenhappens(像往常一樣)。Shehasbeenabsentagain，asoftenhappens．像往常一樣，她又缺席了。C．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇方法和限制性定語從句一樣：引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語時用關(guān)系副詞。Theoldmanhasadaughter，whoisadoctor．這位老人有一個女兒，她是醫(yī)生。(who作主語)Iexperiencedahardsituationin2000，wherenobodycouldhelpme．我在2000年經(jīng)歷了一段困難處境，沒有人能幫我。(where作狀語)注意：(1)限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是一個名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是一句話。試比較：Thefilm，whichIsawlastnight，isveryinteresting．這是我昨天晚上看過的電影，非常有意思。(先行詞為film)Thefilmisveryinteresting，whichmakesmeveryglad．這部電影很有意思，這讓我很高興。(先行詞為“Thefilmisveryinteresting”所表達的內(nèi)容。)(2)關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同。在限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞可用who、that或whom，但在非限制性定語從句中先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞只能用who或whom。Tomhasabrother，thatisaworker．(誤)Tomhasabrother，whoisaworker．(正)一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1．Myphysicsteacherismyrolemodel,____________influenceonmehasmadewhatIamtoday.2．Theseincludethethirdmassextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”,________killed90%to96%ofallspecies.3．MingyingMall,theheightof_________is423meters,isthenewiconicattractioninDongguan.4．Theroom,________helivesinalone,iswideandbright.5．LiMing,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.6．Mr.Wu,________everybodylikes,isgoingtogiveusatalkonchemistry.7．Thesoldiersweretiredandhungry,mostof_____hadmarchedforalongtime.8．Tallgrassesandtrees,dottedtheplains,________werealivewiththeAfricanwildlifewehadcometosee.9．Therearetotallythreebedroomsinthehouse,thesmallestof_________isMary’s.10．Settingagoalforyourselfisimportant,________willmakeyouworkharderthanbefore.11．Hehasthreesons,allof________wentabroadforfurthereducation.12．MrJones,for______workedonthefarmwasverygenerousaboutovertimepayments.13．Mary,________sisterIsharedaroomwithatcollege,hasgonetoworkinGermany.14．________isknowntousstudents,Nanjingisafamouscityforherlonghistory.15．Thegunman,______maskhadslipped,fled.16．Previously,waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasingvolumeoftourists,manyof_________frequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver.17．IhighlyrecommendthefilmTheKing’sSpeech,_______________KingGeorgeⅥsucceedsintheend.18．________isknowntous,Nanjingisafamouscityforitslonghistory.19．Wehaveinvitedafamousartist,_______________paintingswillbeonexhibitionduringtheevent.20．ItisfreetocommunicatewithothersonWeChat,_______________willsaveyoualotofmoney.21．TheAmazonRiver,________therainforestgetsitsname,iscloseto6,400kilometersinlength.22．______isshownabove,therearetwocartoonspresentingtwoquitedifferentsituations.23．Ourdoctor,________wealllikedverymuch,retiredlastweek.24．Outofthecornerrushedacat,________frightenedtheoldmanbackafewsteps.25．Mymother，________guidingprincipleinlifewasdoingright,hadaconsistentinfluenceonme.26．Hesaidnothingaboutthematter,________meantthathehaddoneit.27．TheChinesehetbqinghao,from_________qinghaosucomes,hasbeenusedtocurediseasesforalmost2,000years.28．UncleTomlivesinamountainousvillage,________isdistantfromhere.29．________isoftenthecase,peoplestareattheirphoneswhilesittingonthebus.30．Yesterdayshesoldhercar,________sheboughtamonthago.31．IoftenvisitmyEnglishteacher,________helpisimportanttome.32．Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweatherwillbebetter.33．Don’twastetimeonjealousy,becauselifeisalongrace,________youronlyopponentisyourselfintheend.34．Martinhasbeenoutofworkforseveralmonths,________makeshiswifeveryupset.35．Thompsonhastwoplans,neitherof________seemstobepractical.36．Uptonow,Susanhascreatedmanyprojects,oneof________receivedanawardatthesciencefair.37．Hecompletedcollegeat15,________Icouldhardlybelieve.38．____________MoYansaid,ifwewanttobestruckbyinspiration,wemustgodeepintoourlives.39．Mr.Smith,from____________Ihavelearnedalot,isafamousscientist.40．InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing,____________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.41．Heusuallyhaslunchinhisoffice,____________therearefewerpeopleatlunchtime.42．Sheintroducedmetoherhusband,____________Ihadn’tmetbefore.43．Thestoryhappenedin1769,____________therewasawarbetweenthetwocountries.44．MyhometownisBeijing,____________isthecapitalofChina.45．Disneyland,________consistsofseveralthemeareas,isapopulartouristdestination.46．Manyyoungpeople,mostof________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.47．Imadeatable,______surfaceisquitesmooth.48．BeforethemtheShenzhouⅫandthree-membercrewslivedinsidetheTiangong,________istravelinginlow-Earthorbitabout400kilometershigh.49．Theoldmanhasthreesons,noneof________isadoctor.50．Theyliveinasmallhouse,infrontof________standsanorangetree.51．Oneday,thepotterforgottotaketherope,with___hetiedthedonkeyeveryday.52．________Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwouldbediscussedatthenextmeeting.53．Theytalkedaboutlotsofhistoricalfigures,many________Ididn’tknow.54．___________youcansee,Tomdidn’tattendthemeeting.55．________isknowntous,themoontravelsaroundtheearthaboutonceamonth.56．It’seasytotellthesymptonsofinfluenzaA,________fever,jointpain,vomitinganddiarrheaarecommon.57．ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.58．Nowadays,itiscommontoseemanyyoungpeoplestaringattheirmobilephonesinsteadofreadingarealbook,about_____________manyexpertsareworried.59．ChinaDailyattractsaworldwidereadership,_____________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.60．Tom’sbrother,_____________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinHainanatthemoment.61．NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9a.m.to5p.m.dailyatthepetshop,_____sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.62．Later,heworkedinAfrica,________manypeoplesufferedf