高中英語(yǔ)北師大版必修五講義Unit15LearningPeriodSixGrammarW

PeriodSixGrammar&Writing語(yǔ)法感知Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Iwishit(be)springalltheyearround.2．Ifyou(arrive)tenminutesearlier，youcouldhaveseenthemoff.3．It’stimethatwe(go)totherailwaystation.4．Ifthey(not，help)us，ourexperimentwouldhavefailed.5．You’refiveminuteslate.Isuggestedthatyou(e)earliertomorrow.6．Thesmileonherfacesuggeststhatshe(agree)withme.7．Iamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldratherallofyou(e)nextmonthforavisit.8．Shouldtheweatherbegoodtomorrow，we(go)climbing.9．(be)Iyou，Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.10．I(not，go)throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．WhatapityIdidn’tgowithhimtoEngland!→IwishIwithhimtoEngland.2．ThankstoMr.Smith’shelp，wefinishedthejobontime.→Mr.Smith’shelp，wewouldn’thavefinishedthejobontime.3．Lucydidn’tetoclasstodaybecauseshedidn’tfeelwell.→shewell，Lucytoclasstoday.4．Idon’tknowFrench，soIcan’ttalktotheFrenchfriends.→IfIFrench，IcouldtalktotheFrenchfriends.5．Hedidn’ttakehisparents’adviceandheisnotacollegestudentnow.→Ifhehisparents’advice，hewouldbeacollegestudentnow.語(yǔ)法精析虛擬語(yǔ)氣常表示某種情況與事實(shí)不相符或表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、請(qǐng)求、意圖、建議、驚奇或設(shè)想等。它常用于非真實(shí)條件句中，根據(jù)其表達(dá)的時(shí)間不同主從句的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)也有所不同。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的使用時(shí)間從句謂語(yǔ)主句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式通常用were)would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had＋過(guò)去分詞would/could/should/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)；should＋動(dòng)詞原形；wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Ifhewerehere，Iwouldexplaintohimmyself.要是他在這里我就親自向他解釋了。Ifyouhadtakenyourteacher’sadvice，youwouldnothavefailedtheexam.如果你聽從了你老師的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow，wewouldstayathome.如果明天下雨，我們就待在家里。[題組訓(xùn)練1](1)如果地球上沒(méi)有水，就不會(huì)有生命。Iftherewerenowaterontheearth，therenolife.(2)要不是親眼目睹，我決不會(huì)相信有這種事。Iit，ifIhadn’tseenithappen.(3)如果我昨天看見他，我就向他求助了。IfIhadseenhimyesterday，Ihimforhelp.(4)如果我們明天有時(shí)間，我們就跟你去。Ifwetimetomorrow，wewouldgowithyou.二、混合條件句在虛擬條件句中，有時(shí)主句和從句所表示的時(shí)間并不一致，此時(shí)應(yīng)分別針對(duì)不同的時(shí)間使用不同的動(dòng)詞形式。Ifhehadjoinedthearmythirtyyearsago，hewouldbeageneralnow.如果30年前他參了軍，他現(xiàn)在就是將軍了。(從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句則表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。)[題組訓(xùn)練2](1)假如他剛才對(duì)我說(shuō)了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。Ifhehadspokentomejustnow，Iwhattodonow.(2)要是前天聽了醫(yī)生的勸告，今天你就不會(huì)病得這么厲害了。Ifyouthedoctor’sadvicethedaybeforeyesterday，youwouldn’tbeillsoseriouslytoday.(3)如果他們通知過(guò)我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來(lái)這里了。Iftheyhadinformedus，weherenow.三、含蓄條件句1．非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表示出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中，如用butfor，without，with，otherwise，or等詞語(yǔ)。Givenmoretime，hecouldhavedoneitbetter.再多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間他可能會(huì)做得更好。Withoutyourhelp，wecouldn’thavefinishedourworkontime.沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能按時(shí)完成我們的工作的。2．有些句子沒(méi)有任何表示條件的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，但意義隱含在上下文中，所以它們也需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Hetoldmeaboutyouring，orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.他告訴我你來(lái)了，否則我就一無(wú)所知了。[題組訓(xùn)練3](1)要不是他的幫助，我們現(xiàn)在還在工作呢。，wewouldbeworkingnow.(2)要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。Withoutyourinstruction，Isuchgreatprogress.(3)我不知道他是個(gè)騙子，不然我也不會(huì)相信他了。Ididn’tknowthathewasacheat，Iwouldn’thavebelievedhim.四、虛擬條件句的省略和倒裝當(dāng)虛擬條件從句中含有were，should，had時(shí)，可以省去if，而將它們移到從句句首構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。IfIwereinyourplace，Iwouldn’tdothat.＝WereIinyourplace，Iwouldn’tdothat.如果我處在你的位置，我不會(huì)做那件事。Ifyouhadturnedtome，Iwouldhavehelpedyou.＝Hadyouturnedtome，Iwouldhavehelpedyou.如果你請(qǐng)我?guī)兔Γ揖蛶湍懔?。Ifitshouldrain，wewouldputoffthematch.＝Shoulditrain，wewouldputoffthematch.如果天下雨，我們就推遲比賽。[題組訓(xùn)練4]改為倒裝句(1)IfIhadbeenherejustnow，Iwouldhavemether.→herejustnow，Iwouldhavemether.(2)IfIwerenotbusy，Iwoulde.→，Iwoulde.(3)Ifheshouldagreetogothere，wewouldsendhimthere.→togothere，wewouldsendhimthere.五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的使用在名詞性從句中也會(huì)出現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。1．在賓語(yǔ)從句中(1)表示要求、建議或命令的動(dòng)詞，如suggest，order，request，advise，insist，demand，mand等，后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)常用shoulddo結(jié)構(gòu)，should可以省略。DadsuggestedthatI(should)haveatalkwithher.爸爸建議我和她談?wù)?。Theworkersinsistedthattheirwages(should)beincreased.工人們堅(jiān)決要求漲工資。注意：suggest表示“表明”，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)后面的從句應(yīng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。HerpalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandIsuggestedthatsheshouldgotoseethedoctor.她蒼白的臉色表明她生病了，我建議她應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生。(2)在wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反的情況；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去相反的情況。Iwouldratheryouhadn’tletoutthesecret.我真希望你沒(méi)把這個(gè)秘密泄露出去。(3)wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況；用“would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況。HowIwishIcouldliveanotherfivehundredyears.我真希望我還能再活五百年。IwishIhadfollowedherinstructionsthen.我多么希望我那時(shí)聽從了她的指示。2．在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在表示要求、建議或命令的名詞如suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等，其后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中常用“(should)”結(jié)構(gòu)。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)learnanotherforeignlanguage.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)另外一門外語(yǔ)。Hisproposalthatthey(should)takeimmediatemeasuressoundsreasonable.他建議他們立刻采取措施，這一建議聽起來(lái)很合理。3．在主語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句表示驚奇、惋惜、懷疑等時(shí)應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)用(should)do結(jié)構(gòu)。常用句型為“It’sstrange/necessary/important/apity/suggested/vital/desired/proposed/essential/natural...that...”。It’sapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer.他拒絕接受提供的東西真是遺憾。Itisstrangethathe(should)besorude.真奇怪，他竟然這么粗魯。[題組訓(xùn)練5](1)老師建議我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。Theteacheradvisedthatweeveryminutehere.(2)我真希望你昨天看過(guò)了這場(chǎng)電影。I’dratheryouyesterday.(3)真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒(méi)有見面。Itisapitythatwelastnight.(4)我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該向老師尋求幫助。Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe.(5)他們的建議就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。Theirsuggestionisthattheyintheirhometown.六、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他固定句式中的使用1．It’s(high)timethat...后面的從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或其謂語(yǔ)用shoulddo結(jié)構(gòu)(此時(shí)should不可省略)。It’shightimethatyouranghimup.＝It’shightimethatyoushouldringhimup.你該給他打電話了。2．在ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法與wish后的用法相同。IfonlyIhadetwodaysearlier!我要是早來(lái)兩天就好了！Ifonlyhewerehere!要是他在這里就好了！3．在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬。Hetalksasifhewereanexpert.他說(shuō)起話來(lái)似乎是一個(gè)專家。Theinjuredmanactedasifnothinghadhappened.那個(gè)受傷的男子表現(xiàn)得仿佛什么事也沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)一樣。注意：asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句如果與事實(shí)相符，則應(yīng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。Helooksasifheisgoingtobeill.他看起來(lái)似乎要生病了。[題組訓(xùn)練6]用所給詞的正確形式填空(1)ItistimethatI(go)topickupmydaughteratschool.(2)Itishightimeyou(go)towork.(3)IfonlyI(be)athomenow.(4)Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit(happen)yesterday.高考鏈接Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether，AIDS-relateddeathswouldnot(fall)sincetheirhighestin2005.(2016·浙江)2．Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou(tell)me，Icouldhavehelped.(2016·北京)3．Ifit(notbe)forhisinvitationtheotherday，Ishouldnotbeherenow.(2016·江蘇)4．Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone，I(injure)．(2016·天津)5．Withouthiswartimeexperiences，Hemingway(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.(2015·重慶)6．IwishI(be)atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday，butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.(2015·天津)7．Itisluckywebookedaroom，orwe(have)nowheretostaynow.(2015·安徽)8．ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI(do)it？(2014·重慶)9．Wewouldratherourdaughter(stay)athomewithus，butitisherchoice，andsheisnotachildanylonger.(2014·陜西)10．We(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.(2014·北京)Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1．Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ，短文改錯(cuò))2．Ifyouareme，wouldyoutalktothem？(2015·四川，短文改錯(cuò))3．IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit.(2015·浙江，短文改錯(cuò))4．Wewouldbegratefulwhenyoucouldjoinusthatday.(2008·寧夏，短文改錯(cuò))寫作指導(dǎo)個(gè)人隨筆主要是寫自己所見所聞(或按提示要求去寫)，并適當(dāng)談?wù)勛约旱男牡皿w會(huì)或看法、建議等。它不拘一格，短小精悍，形式靈活，可以描寫或評(píng)論，或夾敘夾議或抒情等。其主要特點(diǎn)是層次和結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，內(nèi)容單一(如寫學(xué)校、環(huán)境等)，寫作材料易于收集(主要是身邊的世界，比較熟悉)，利于用已學(xué)知識(shí)表達(dá)生活中的內(nèi)容。在寫作時(shí)，要注意把握主題，然后圍繞主題安排相關(guān)的個(gè)人信息或背景材料，支持細(xì)節(jié)等。譬如寫學(xué)校，就要注意地理位置、科目、課外活動(dòng)、理想中的學(xué)校等，然后安排好段落，層次清晰地進(jìn)行表達(dá)。常用句式1．Atthemoment，Igotoaseniorhighschoolinmyhometown.It’squite...2．Myperfectschoolwouldbeinthecentreofthecity，butneara．...3．Studentswouldstudyalltheschoolsubjectssuchas...However，therewouldalsobesomenewoptionalsubjects，forexample....4．Therewouldbemanyafter-schoolinterestgroups，suchas...5．Inconclusion，Ithinkmyschoolwouldhaveagoodvarietyofactivities—somethingforeveryone.典題示例“少年強(qiáng)則國(guó)強(qiáng)”為圓中國(guó)夢(mèng)，每個(gè)人應(yīng)都有自己的夢(mèng)想?；厥鬃约旱某砷L(zhǎng)歷程，暢想你未來(lái)的路。目前，《中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)報(bào)》正以“MyDream”為題向中學(xué)生征文。請(qǐng)根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)提示，寫一篇100詞左右的短文應(yīng)征。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：1．你的夢(mèng)想是什么？2．你為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想做過(guò)什么？3．為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想你還需要做什么？注意：可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使文章內(nèi)容充實(shí)、連貫。寫作步驟StepOne明確要求雖然個(gè)人的夢(mèng)想與中國(guó)夢(mèng)相比顯得那么渺小，但是，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有自己的夢(mèng)想。本文要求根據(jù)“少年強(qiáng)則國(guó)強(qiáng)”這個(gè)主題展開。要求回首自己的成長(zhǎng)歷程，并暢想未來(lái)的路。內(nèi)容要包括自己對(duì)夢(mèng)想的理解，自己為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想做過(guò)什么和為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想還需要做什么。StepTwo確定段落Para.1展示自己的夢(mèng)想Para.2解釋自己的夢(mèng)想形成的原因(含自己所做的事情和將要做的事情)Para.3對(duì)上文進(jìn)行概括StepThree聯(lián)想詞匯1．夢(mèng)想成為……2．玩電腦游戲3．期中考試4．想要放棄5．面對(duì)困難6．在我的老師的幫助下7．多虧了8．實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想StepFour句式升級(jí)1．我夢(mèng)想成為一位受人歡迎的老師，因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ軒Ыo孩子們知識(shí)和快樂(lè)。(一般表達(dá))Iwanttobeapopularteacherinthefuture.IhopeIcanbringknowledgeandhappinesstochildren.(句式升級(jí))IinthefuturebecauseIhopeIcanbringknowledgeandhappinesstochildren.(dream)2．隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我已經(jīng)是一名高二學(xué)生了。(一般表達(dá))Astimepassesby，IamalreadyaSeniorTwostudent.(句式升級(jí))Withtime，IamalreadyaSeniorTwostudent.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))3．是張老師鼓勵(lì)我勇敢地面對(duì)困難。(一般表達(dá))Ms.Zhangencouragedmetofacethedifficultiesbravely.(句式升級(jí))Ms.Zhangencouragedmetofacethedifficultiesbravely.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)StepFive連句成篇MyDream答案精析語(yǔ)法感知Ⅰ.1.were2.hadarrived3.went/shouldgo4.hadn’thelped5.(should)e6.agrees7.came8．wouldgo9.Were10.couldn’thavegoneⅡ.1.had；gone2.But；for3.Had；felt；would；have；e4．knew5.had；taken語(yǔ)法精析題組訓(xùn)練1(1)wouldbe(2)wouldn’thavebelieved(3)wouldhaveasked(4)had題組訓(xùn)練2(1)wouldknow(2)hadfollowed(3)wouldnote題組訓(xùn)練3(1)Butforhishelp(2)wouldnothavemade(3)or(else)/otherwise題組訓(xùn)練4(1)Had；I；been(2)Were；I；not；busy(3)Should；he；agree題組訓(xùn)練5(1)(should)makegooduseof(2)hadseenthefilm(3)(should)notmeet(4)(should)askourteacherforhelp(5)(should)buildanewfactory題組訓(xùn)練6(1)went/shouldgo(2)shouldgo/went(3)were(4)happened高考鏈接Ⅰ.1.havefallen2.hadtold3.hadnotbeen4.wouldhavebeeninjured5.wouldn’thavewritten6.hadbeen7.wouldhave8.haddone9.stayed10．wouldbeⅡ.1.Someclassmatessuggestwecan或eq\f(can,should)gotoplacesofinterestnearby.2．Ifyoueq\f(are,were)me，wouldyoutalktothem?3.e