英語化學(xué)考試題及答案

英語化學(xué)考試題及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.Thechemicalsymbolforironis（）A.FeB.CuC.AuD.Ag2.“H?O”represents（）A.hydrogenB.oxygenC.waterD.carbondioxide3.Thecorrectpronunciationof“chemical”is（）A./?kem?kl/B./?k?m?kl/C./?k?m?kl/D./?kem?k?l/4.Whichofthefollowingisaphysicalchange?（）A.BurningwoodB.RustingofironC.MeltingiceD.Digestingfood5.Whatistheoxidationstateofoxygeninmostcompounds?（）A.+1B.-1C.+2D.-26.Theformulaforsulfuricacidis（）A.HClB.H?SO?C.HNO?D.H?PO?7.Theword“atom”means（）A.分子B.原子C.離子D.電子8.Whichgasmakesupabout78%oftheEarth'satmosphere?（）A.OxygenB.CarbondioxideC.NitrogenD.Hydrogen9.“Reactant”refersto（）A.產(chǎn)物B.催化劑C.反應(yīng)物D.溶劑10.Theprocessofchangingaliquidtoagasiscalled（）A.condensationB.evaporationC.sublimationD.freezing二、多項選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingareelements?（）A.IronB.WaterC.OxygenD.Sodiumchloride2.Whatarethepropertiesofmetals?（）A.GoodconductorsofheatB.MalleableC.DuctileD.Brittle3.Whichofthefollowingarechemicalreactions?（）A.DissolvingsaltinwaterB.BurningpaperC.PhotosynthesisD.Meltingwax4.Commonunitsformeasuringvolumeinchemistryare（）A.literB.milliliterC.kilogramD.gram5.Whichsubstancesareacids?（）A.HydrochloricacidB.SodiumhydroxideC.SulfuricacidD.Calciumhydroxide6.Whatarethepartsofanatom?（）A.ProtonB.NeutronC.ElectronD.Molecule7.Whichgasesaregreenhousegases?（）A.CarbondioxideB.MethaneC.OxygenD.Nitrousoxide8.Chemicalbondsinclude（）A.IonicbondB.CovalentbondC.MetallicbondD.Hydrogenbond9.Whichofthefollowingareusedinthelaboratory?（）A.TesttubeB.BeakerC.BunsenburnerD.Thermometer10.Whichelementsareimportantforlivingorganisms?（）A.CarbonB.HydrogenC.OxygenD.Nitrogen三、判斷題（每題2分，共20分）1.Allchemicalchangesareirreversible.（）2.Themassofanatomismainlyconcentratedinthenucleus.（）3.AsolutionwithapHof7isacidic.（）4.Waterisagoodsolventbecauseitisanon-polarmolecule.（）5.Metalstendtogainelectronstoformpositiveions.（）6.Chemicalreactionsalwaysinvolvetheformationofnewsubstances.（）7.Thesymbolforpotassiumis“K”.（）8.Evaporationisachemicalprocess.（）9.Acompoundcontainsonlyonetypeofelement.（）10.Thedensityofasubstancedependsonitsmassandvolume.（）四、簡答題（每題5分，共20分）1.Defineachemicalreaction.Achemicalreactionisaprocessinwhichoneormoresubstances(reactants)aretransformedintooneormoredifferentsubstances(products).Bondsarebrokenandnewbondsareformedduringthereaction.2.Explainthedifferencebetweenaphysicalchangeandachemicalchange.Aphysicalchangeonlyaltersthephysicalstateorappearanceofasubstance,likemeltingice.Thesubstance'schemicalcompositionremainsthesame.Achemicalchangeproducesnewsubstanceswithdifferentchemicalproperties,suchasburningwoodtoformashandgases.3.Whatistheroleofacatalystinachemicalreaction?Acatalystspeedsupachemicalreactionbyprovidinganalternativereactionpathwaywithaloweractivationenergy.Itparticipatesinthereactionbutisnotconsumedintheprocess,soitcanbeusedrepeatedly.4.Describethestructureofanatom.Anatomconsistsofanucleusatthecenter,whichcontainsprotons(positivelycharged)andneutrons(neutral).Electrons(negativelycharged)orbitaroundthenucleusinenergylevelsorshells.五、討論題（每題5分，共20分）1.Discusstheimportanceofwaterinchemicalreactionsandinourdailylives.Waterisauniversalsolvent,facilitatingmanychemicalreactionsinsolutions.Indailylife,itisessentialfordrinking,cooking,cleaning.Inindustries,it'susedinprocesseslikecooling.Italsoparticipatesinmanybiologicalreactionsinourbodies,likedigestionandmetabolism.2.Howdoespollutionaffectchemicalreactionsintheenvironment?Pollutioncanintroducenewsubstancesintotheenvironment.Forexample,airpollutantslikesulfurdioxidecanreactwithoxygenandwaterintheatmospheretoformsulfuricacid,causingacidrain.Thisacidraincanthenreactwithmineralsinsoilandwater,alteringchemicalequilibriaandharmingecosystems.3.Debatetheprosandconsofusingchemicalfertilizersinagriculture.Pros:Chemicalfertilizerscanincreasecropyieldsbyprovidingessentialnutrientslikenitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium.Theycanalsoimprovesoilfertilityintheshortterm.Cons:Overusecanleadtosoildegradation,waterpollutionfromrunoff,andharmtobeneficialsoilorganisms.Itmayalsoreducethenutritionalvalueofcropsovertime.4.Explainhowunderstandingchemicalreactionshelpsindevelopingnewmaterials.Byunderstandingchemicalreactions,wecancontrolthesynthesisofnewmaterials.Forexample,inpolymerchemistry,specificreactionsareusedtocreateplasticswithdesiredpropertieslikestrengthandflexibility.Inmaterialsforelectronics,chemicalreactionsareharnessedtodevelopconductors